专业英语第6版新课文习题答案

2/2《电子与通信技术专业英语（第6版）》新教材参考习题答案Project1KnowingtheElectronicComponents1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.T；b.F；c.F；d.T；e.F；f.F；g.T；h.F；i.T；j.T;2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.5;b.3;c.2;d.1;e.4.3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.resistors;b.Capacitor;c.amagneticfield;d.onlyone;e.cathode.4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.a.计算机、控制系统和通信领域的现代进步和电子学有着密切的关系。b.电子学领域里包括真空管、晶体管和集成电路等。c.尽管电阻器、电容器和电感器是形成电子电路的重要基础，介绍电阻、电容及电感是非常必要的。d.电子技术在全世界发展迅速，电子工业也已做好准备向前迈进一大步。Project2Current,VoltageandResistance1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.T；b.F；c.F；d.T;e.T;f.T;g.F;h.T.2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.3;b.5;c.1;d.4;e.2.3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.one,one;b.one-thousandth,one-millionth;c.ampere,resistance;d.resistance,voltage.4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.电位电位差或电动势的单位是伏特。这个单位的缩写或符号是V。电压以伏特为单位。1伏特等于使得1安培的电流通过1欧姆的一个电阻的电动势。电流电流的计量单位是安培。这个基本的计量单位的缩写或符号是A。1安培等于1秒钟1库仑的电子通过某一点的电流。电阻电阻是另一个电气参数，这有两个字母，一个字母“R”代表电阻这个通常的术语，而希腊字母欧米茄(Ω)代表电阻的单位欧姆。1欧姆等于提供1伏特电压时将电流限制为1安培所需的电阻值。电导电导是电阻的倒数。电导的单位是西门子(S)，这是以科学家恩斯特西门子命名的。电导这个通常的术语的缩写是G。5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.a.Theunitinwhichvoltageismeasuredisthevolt,whichisrepresentedbythelettersymbolV.b.Theunitofcurrentistheampere，whichisrepresentedbythelettersymbolA.c.Oneohmistheamountofresistancethatwilllimitthecurrentinaconductorisoneamperewhenthevoltageappliedtotheconductorisonevolt.d.Therelationshipbetweencurrent,voltageandresistancecanberepresentedby“Ohm’sLaw”.Project3AC,DCandElectricalSignals1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.F;d.T;e.T.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.positive,negative;b.constantat;c.steadyDC;d.cycles;e.peak-peak;3.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.4;b.2;c.3;d.1.Project4TransistorVoltageAmplifier1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.Atransistorconsistsofthreelayersofsemiconductormaterial:athinlayerofonetypewiththeothertypeoneachside.Tb.Thecenterisbase,oneoutsidelayeristhecollector,andtheotheristheemitter.Tc.Currententerstheemitter,passesthroughthebase,andleavesviathecollector.Fd.Currentflowisalwayschangedirections.Fe.Ittakesagreatchangeofbasecurrenttocontrolarelativelylargecollectorcurrent.Itisthisabilitythatenablesthetransistortoamplify.Ff.Inthecommon-baseconnection,thesignalisintroducedintothecollector-basecircuitandextractedfromtheemitter-basecircuit.Tg.Inthecommon-emitterconnection,thesignalisintroducedintothebase-emittercircuitandextractedfromthecollector-emittercircuit.Th.Thecommon-emitterconnectionhasmoremoderateinputandoutputimpedancethanthecommon-basecircuit.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Therearetwopossiblearrangements:N-typeinthemiddlewithp-typeoneachside(PNP)and_P-type_inthemiddlewithn-typeoneachside(NPN).b.Becausetheinputoremitter-basecircuithasa_low__impedanceintheorderof0.5to50ohms,andtheoutputor_collector-basecircuit_hasahighimpedanceintheorderof1000ohmstoonemegohm,thevoltageorpowergaininthistypeofconfigurationmaybeintheorderof1500.c.Theinput(base-emitter)impedanceisintherangeof_20_to_5000__ohms,andoutput(collector-emitter)impedanceisabout_50_to_50000_ohms.Powergainsintheorderof10000(orabout40db)canberealizedwiththiscircuitbecauseitprovidesbothcurrentgainandvoltagegain.d.Becausetheinputimpedanceofthetransistoris_high_andtheoutputimpedance_low_inthisconnection,thevoltagegainislessthanoneandthepowergainisusuallylowerthanthatobtainedinacommon-baseoracommon-emittercircuit.3.TranslatethesecondparagraphofthetextintoChinese.(原文第二段，详见教材参考译文)Project5DigitalCircuit1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.Thetruthtableisusedtoshowthelogicgatefunction.Tb.ThethreemostcommonbasictypesofdigitallogicgatesaretheANDgate,theORgate,andtheNOTgate.Fc.AnimportantfunctionofNOTgateistoproducesignalinversionoraninputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheoutputsignal.Td.Thethreebasictypesofdigitallogicgatesandtheflip-floparethefourcircuitsmostcommonlyemployedinsuchsystems.Fe.Eveninalargescaledigitalsystem,suchasacomputer,control,ordigital-communicationsystem,therearealotofbasicoperations,whichmustbeperformed.2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.NOTgate——1.produceanoutputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheinputsignab.A×B=C———2.inputAandinputBequalsoutputccA+B=C———3.eitherinputAorinputBd.Thethreebasiclogic—4.theANDgate,theORgate,andtheNOT3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.Thebasiclogicgatesareclassifiedintoseventypes:ANDgate,ORgate,XORgate,NANDgate,NORgate,XNORgate,andNOTgate.b.AnimportantfunctionofNOTgateistoproducesignalinversionoranoutputsignalthatisoppositeinnaturetotheinputsignal.c.Thethreebasictypesofdigitallogicgatesandtheflip-floparethefourcircuitsmostcommonlyemployedinsuchsystems.d.TheoperationofanORgateisoftenexpressedbytheequationA+B=C.4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Digitalsignalsandcircuitsarethevastandimportantsubject.Digitalsignalsarebinaryinnaturetakingonvaluesinoneoftwowell-definedranges.Thesetofbasicoperationsthatcanbeperformedondigitalsignalsisquitesmall.Thebehaviorofanydigitalsystem,(uptoandincludingthemostsophisticateddigitalcomputer)canberepresentedbyappropriatecombinationsofdigitalvariablesandthedigitaloperationsfromthissmallset.Weconcernedwithdigitalsystemvariablesthattakeononlytwovalues(binaryvariables).Weconventionallydenotethesevaluesas“0”or“1”,andthenuseaspecialsetofrulescalledBooleanalgebratosummarizethevariouswaysinwhichdigitalvariablescanbecombined.Thisalgebraandmuchofthenotationareadopteddirectlyfrommathematicallogic.Thus,“logicvariable”or“logicoperation”arecommonlyusedinplaceofdigitalvariable,ordigitaloperation.数字信号和数字电路是一门非常重要的学科。数字信号是二进制的，其值落入两个划定界限的区域中的一个。对数字信号进行基本运算的集合非常小。任何一个数字系统的行为（包括最复杂的数字计算机）都可以用这个小集合里的数字变量和数字运算的适当组合来表示。我们关心那些只用两种值呈现的数字系统变量（二进制变量）。我们习惯性地用“0”和“1”表示这些值，并用一组被称为布尔代数的特殊规则来概括数字变量的不同组合方式。这种代数和许多符号采用的是数理逻辑。因此，通常用逻辑变量或逻辑运算来取代数字变量或数字运算。Project6CircuitdiagramsandBlockdiagrams1.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.2;b.1;c.4;d.3;e.5.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.clearly,drawnneatly;b.testingacircuit;c.resistors;d.thedesiredstate,actualstate;e.drawneat,clear.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.方框图是通过把完整的电路分解成较小的模块来理解（设计）电路。每个模块执行某一特定功能，方框图显示了它们是如何连接在一起的。不需要画出每一个模块所采用的具体元件，只需画出其输入和输出。这种对待电路的方式被称为系统方法。UnitIIElectronicInstrumentandProductsProject7MultimetersandItsUsage1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.F;d.F;e.T;f.T.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.voltmeter,ammeter,ohmmeter;b.ranges,AC,DC;c.transistortesting,frequency;d.digital,analog;e.maximumgreater;f．precautions.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.用万用表测量电阻数字万用表的另一个有用的功能是欧姆表。欧姆表是测量电阻的仪表，如果电路没有电阻，则欧姆表读数为0，如果电路断开，则欧姆表读数为无穷大。Project8DigitalOscilloscope1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Whenitcomestodebugginganddesign,mostengineerstodayuseanalogoscilloscopes.Tb.Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontalandtriggersystems.Tc.Meanwhile,amedicalresearchermightuseanoscilloscopetomeasurebrainwaves.Fd.Thereisnoapplicationsforthispowerfulinstrument.Fe.Simplyput,anoscilloscopemeasuresvoltagewaves.Onanoscilloscopescreen,voltageisdisplayedverticallyontheXaxisandtimeisrepresentedhorizontallyontheYaxis.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Therearetwotypesofoscilloscopes:analoganddigital.b.Whenitcomestodebugginganddesign,mostengineerstodayusedigitaloscilloscopes.c.Anddigitaloscilloscopesgenerallyfallintofivecategories.d.Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontal，andtriggersystems.e.Whenitcomestochoosingtherightoscilloscope,thereareanumberoffactorstoconsider,includingbandwidth,waveformcapturerate,samplerate,risetimeandtriggeringcapabilities.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Howdoesanoscilloscopework?Therearethreeprimaryoscilloscopesystems:vertical,horizontalandtriggersystems.Together,thesesystemsprovideinformationabouttheelectricalsignal,sotheoscilloscopecanaccuratelyreconstructit.Thisallowstheusertodeterminetheintegrity,predictability,andreliabilityofthesesignalsfortheirapplication.(原文第八段，详见教材参考译文)Project9Virtualinstruments1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.F;d.T;e.T.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.realorimaginaryinstruments;b.virtualinstruments;c.softwaresolution；d.alow-cost,moderate-throughput；e.virtualinstrumentation，processors,buses.3.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.a.简单的虚拟测量仪器只是获取和分析数据，但更复杂的虚拟仪器能与物体进行双向通信。b.在性能方面，LabVIEW包含一个为CPU平台生成本地代码的实际的编译器，它编译图形代码，而不仅仅是转换。Project10Smartphone1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Ta.ThefirstsmartphonewasIBM'sSimon,whichwaspresentedasaconceptdeviceatthe1992COMDEXcomputertradeshow.Tb.Smartphonesallowindividualuserstoinstall,configure,andrunapplicationsoftheirchoosing.Fc.Ifthatphonewereasmartphone,youcouldn'tinstallanycompatiblecalendarapplicationyoulike.Fd.Walletfeaturesdonotallowuserstosavecreditcardinformationontheirphonestousewhenpurchasingitemsatretailstores.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.BlackBerryreleaseditsfirstsmartphonesintheemailsandfaxes,andtheybecameverypopularwithconsumersandintheenterprise.b.Asmartphoneisa

cellulartelephonewithanintegratedcomputerandotherfeaturesnotoriginallyassociatedwithtelephonessuchasanoperatingsystem,webbrowsing,andtheabilitytorunsoftwareapplications.c.Oneofthemostimportantelementsofasmartphoneisitsconnectiontoanappstore.d.Third-party

wearable

devices,suchassmartwatches,canconnectwithasmartphonetomonitoranindividual'shealthstatistics,suchasheartrate,andsendinformationtobeaggregatedonthephone.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Asmartphoneisa

cellulartelephonewithanintegratedcomputerandotherfeaturesnotoriginallyassociatedwithtelephonessuchasanoperatingsystem,

webbrowsing,andtheabilitytorunsoftwareapplications.Smartphonescanbeusedbyindividualsinbothaconsumerand

a

business

context,andarenowalmostintegraltoeverydaymodernlife.Manyconsumersusetheirsmartphonestoengagewithfriendsandfamilyonsocialmedia.SocialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook,TwitterandLinkedInallhavemobileappsthatausercandownloadfromtheirphone's

appstore.Theseappsmakeit

possible

forsmartphoneuserstopostpersonalupdatesandphotoswhileonthego.(原文第四段，详见教材参考译文)Project11LCD(LiquidCrystalDisplay)1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.T;b.F;c.T;d.F;e.T;f.T;g.T.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.electronicvisualdisplay,thelightmodulatingproperties;b.transmit,change;c.solid,liquidorgaseous;d.orientation;f.Passivematrix,activematrix.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.固体之所以表现为这样是因为，它们的分子总是保持自己的方向，并保持相对位置不变。液体中的分子则正好相反：在液体里它们可以改变方向并向任何地方移动。但也有一些物质，它们可以以一个奇怪的状态存在，这种状态有点儿像液体，又有点像固体。当它们在这种状态下，它们的分子就倾向于保持自己的方向，就像一个固体的分子，但也到处移动到不同的位置，就像液体中的分子。这意味着液晶既不是固体也不是液体。这就是为什么最终它们有一个看似矛盾的名字的原因。Project12NotebookComputer1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Anotebookcomputertypicallyweighsmorethan5poundsandis3inchesormoreinthickness.Tb.Solidstatedrives(SSDs)cangiveahugeperformanceboostoverthetraditionalmechanicalharddrives(HDDs).Fc.Notebooksuseonlyoneapproachforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard.Td.Ifyourtasksmainlyinvolvewordprocessingandwebsurfing,youwon'tneedafasterprocessor.Te.Ifyouintendtouseyourlaptop/notebookforwatchingoreditingHDvideo,playinggames,orneedtohavemultiplevisiblewindowsopenonthescreenatthesametime,youwillneedahigherresolutiondisplayandthelargestscreensizepossible.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Anotebookcomputer,sometimescalledalaptopcomputercomputer,typicallyweighslessthan5poundsandis3inchesorlessinthickness.b.Ifyouintendtouseyourlaptop/notebookforlongoverseasflightsorinothersituationswherechargingisnotreadilyavailable,makesureyouchooseamodelwithsufficientbatterylife.c.IfyouintendtoconnecttoaTVorlargerHDMIdisplayyouwillneedanHDMIport.d.Ifyou'rebuyinganotebookoratablet,youshouldconsideradetachableormembranekeyboardifoneoftheprimaryusesofthedevicewillbewordprocessing.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Notebooksusuallycomewithdisplaysthatusethin-screentechnology.Notebooksuseseveraldifferentapproachesforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard,includingthetouchpad,thetrackball,andthepointingstick.Aserialportalsoallowsaregularmousetobeattached.ThePCCardisinsertablehardwareforaddingamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoanotebook.CD-ROManddigitalversatilediscdrivesmaybebuilt-inorattachable.(原文第二段，详见教材参考译文)UnitⅢCommunicatedTechnologyProject13OpticalFiberCommunications1.WriteT(true)ofF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.T;d.F;e.F;f.F;g.F;h.F.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.frequentlyachieved;b.phototransistor,photoconductors;c.digitalopticalsignal;d.signalprocessing.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.广义地说，把信息从一点传送到另一点就称为通信。当信息跨越一段距离被传送时，就需要一个通信系统。在通信系统中，信息传送是通过把信息叠加在电磁波上或对电磁波进行调制来实现的，电磁波起着载送信号的作用。这一经过调制的载波随后被传送到要求到达的目的地，在那里被接收，并且通过解调还原成原始信息。在运用电磁载波的领域，高新技术得到进一步的发展，如射频、微波以及毫米波的频率都被用来作为载波频率。在通信中，也可选择光波的频率作为载波频率。Project14SatelliteCommunication1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.T;d.T;e.F;f.F;g.F;h.T.2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.3;b.2;c.1.3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.this;b.these,world-widecommunications;c.astation,thesatellite;d.antenna,sky.4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.亚瑟·克拉克设想的卫星通信系统必须开发复杂和烦琐的地面和空间网络。幸运的是，这个问题随着1963年和1964年同步卫星的发射成功而消除。现在的卫星不是高速地围绕地球运行，而是静止或固定在空中，目前大部分通信卫星都被定位在相对地球静止的轨道或被称为“槽”的位置上。Project15WirelessFidelity（Wi-Fi）1.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.T;c.F;d.F.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.anyplace，hasslesofplugging；b.Hotspotcoverage，usingmultipleoverlapping；c.Wi-Fihotspot;d.greater,stronger.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.无线相容性认证，通常称为Wi-Fi，它由IEEE802.11标准发展而来，是在无线通信中被广泛应用的先进技术。顾名思义，Wi-Fi对无线网络中的应用程序和数据提供无线接入。Wi-Fi在发射端和接收端之间设置了许多方法来建立连接，如扩频、跳频、红外的连接和正交频分复用。Project16GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.F;c.F;d.F;e.F;f.F;g.F;h.F.2.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.3;b.2;c.4;d.1.3.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.satellite,receiver,twosequence;b.signal;c.distance,GPSsatellite;d.twenty-one,threesatellite.4.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.接收机包含有一个数学模型来计算这些信息的影响，卫星也传播一些相关的信息以帮助接收机正确地估算传播速度。电离层等一些原因会影响不同频率的无线电波的速度，双频接收机能测量它们对信号的影响。Project17WirelessSensorNetwork1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Ｔ;b.F;c.F;d.Ｔ;e.Ｔ;f.F;g.Ｔ;h.F.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.nodes,conneted;b.topology,wirelessmeshnetwork;c.deployed,phenomenon;d.monitor,asmarthome,embedded.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.无线传感器网络内置“节点”，从几个到几百甚至上千，其中每个节点都连接到一个（有时是多个）传感器。每一个这样的传感器网络节点通常由几部分组成：内置天线或连接外部天线的无线收发信机、微控制器、传感器接口电路和电源。传感器节点的尺寸从鞋盒大小到一粒灰尘大小不等。传感器节点的成本同样是可变的，从几美元到数百美元不等，这取决于单个传感器节点的复杂性。传感器节点的尺寸和成本限制了其相应的资源，如能源、存储器、运算速度和通信带宽。无线传感器网络的拓扑结构，可以从一个简单的星型网络到复杂的多跳无线网状网络。Project185GNetwork1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.5Genablesanewkindofnetworkthatisdesignedtoconnectnoteveryoneandeverythingtogetherjustincludingmachines,objects,anddevices.Tb.5Gwillbefasterandabletohandlemoreconnecteddevicesthantheexisting4GLTEnetwork,improvementsthatwillenableawaveofnewkindsoftechproducts.Fc.5Gcanenablenewservicesthatcantransformindustrieswithultra-reliable,available,high-latencylinkslikeremotecontrolofcriticalinfrastructure,vehicles,andmedicalprocedures.Td.Eventually,mostcarrierswillhaveamixofthedifferentnetworktypesthatwillenablebothbroadcoverageandfastspeeds.Te.Thefastest5Gnetworksareexpectedtobeatleast10timesfasterthan4GLTE,accordingtowirelessindustrytradegroupGSMA.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.5Genablesanewkindofnetworkthatisdesignedtoconnectvirtuallyeveryoneandeverythingtogetherincludingmachines,objects,anddevices.b.Broadlyspeaking,5Gisusedacrossthreemaintypesofconnectedservices,includingenhancedmobilebroadband,mission-criticalcommunication,andthemassiveIoT.c.Inadditiontomakingoursmartphonesbetter,5GmobiletechnologycanusherinnewimmersiveexperiencessuchasVRandARwithfaster,moreuniformdatarates,lowerlatency,andlowercost-per-bit.d.Therearethreedifferentmethodsforbuildinga5Gnetwork,dependingonthetypeofassetsawirelesscarrierhas:low-bandnetwork(widecoverageareabutonlyabout20%fasterthan4G),high-bandnetwork(superfastspeedsbutsignalsdon’ttravelwellandstruggletomovethroughhardsurfaces)andmid-bandnetwork(balancesspeedandcoverage).3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Thefastest5Gnetworksareexpectedtobeatleast10timesfasterthan4GLTE,accordingtowirelessindustrytradegroupGSMA.Someexpertssaytheycouldeventuallybe100timesfaster.That’sfastenoughtodownloadatwo-hourmovieinfewerthan10seconds,versusaround7minuteswith4G.(原文最后一段，详见教材参考译文)UnitⅣAdvancedElectronicTechnologyProject19InternetofThings1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.T;b.F;c.F;d.F.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.anantenna,transceiver,atransponder.b.identification,locationinformation.c.flowfreelyamong.d.Touchofabutton,aperson’sactivities.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.物联网又名传感网,是指将各种信息传感设备与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络，可使所有的物品与网络连接，方便识别和管理。因其具有全面感知、可靠传递、智能处理的特点,它被众人认为是继计算机、互联网、移动通信网之后的又一次信息产业浪潮。Project20ComputerSimulation1.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.F;b.Ｔ;c.F;d.Ｔ;e.F;f.Ｔ;g.Ｔ;h.Ｔ.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.scientificresearch,engineeringdesign;b.weatherforecasting,battlefield,flightprograms,humanmodels.c.impactonpassengersd.visualmodules,pseudo.3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.计算机仿真似乎是分析灾难、气候和事故的唯一选择。相当多的给人印象深刻的针对具有潜在威胁的灾难的计算机仿真已经被建立，例如，地球核战争的后果、世界范围的温室效应导致的对地球气候和环境的灾难性的影响以及天外入侵的陨石与地球相撞的可能性等。Project21VirtualReality(VR)andAugmentedReality(AR)1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.InatypicalVRformat,auserwearingahelmetwithoutastereoscopicscreenviewsanimatedimagesofasimulatedenvironment.Tb.Theillusionof""beingthere"(telepresence)iseffectedbyimagesensorsthatpickuptheuser'smovementsandadjusttheviewonthescreenaccordingly,usuallyinrealtime(theinstanttheuser'smovementtakesplace).Fc.Inapps,youmightvirtuallytourdistantlocationsasifyouwerethere.Fd.Augmentedrealityreplacesyourvision,virtualrealityaddstoit.Fe.Virtualrealityandaugmentedrealityaccomplishtwoverydifferentthingsinthesameway.2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Forbothgamesandapps,virtualrealitycompletelysupersedesyoursurroundings,takingyoutootherplaces.Whereyouarephysicallydoesn'tmatter.Ingames,youmightsitinthecockpitofastarfighter.Inapps.youmightvirtuallytourdistantlocationsasifyouwerethere.Therearetonsofpossibilitiesinvirtualreality,andtheyallinvolvereplacingeverythingaroundyouwithsomethingelse.(原文倒数第二段，详见教材参考译文)Project22IntelligentRobot1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.ThemostadvancedrobotsarethosecontrolledbyAI.Theybuildtheirabilitiesbasedhumanmanipulation.Tb.Sensorsaregettingbetter,smaller,cheaper,andeasiertointegrate.Fc.Thisself-drivingrobotcanseamlesslydeliverseveralbeveragesatonce.Itispoweredbyashort-lastingbattery(withlife8-12hrs),whichallowsittooperateonnightshiftsorpeakhours.Td.Thehumansecuritystaffcanalsoselectspotsforpatrol.Thentherobotwilltravelfromspottospotwhilecontinuallyscanningthearea.Fe.Pennyisabowlingpin-shapedfood-servicerobotenabledbyhuman.2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.IntelligentrobotsareacombinationofAIandrobotics,whileartificialintelligencesoftwareisembeddedintherobotsystem.b.Sensorsaregettingbetter,smaller,cheaper,andeasiertointegrate.c.Pepperisahumanoidrobotdesignedtointeractwithpeople-assistthem,shareinformationwiththem,andhelpcustomersatretailstores.d.Nimboisarobotsecurityguardbasedoncutting-edgeartificialintelligencetechnologyandhasarangeofsecurityapplicationsandassetprotection.e.Promobotisarobotforbusinessthatmovesautonomouslyandcommunicateswithpeople,usingartificialintelligence.Project23Self-DrivingCar1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.Fa.Whilecamerasaregoodforfindingthedistancetoanobject,theyarenothelpfulinidentifyingshapesandcolorsintheenvironment.Fb.Fortunately,self-drivingcarsalsohavehigh-techsensors,calledradars,thataremuchbetteratdeterminingthelocationofpeopleandobjectsaroundthecar.Fc.LIDARsendsvisiblelightpulsesallaroundin.Td.Bymeasuringthetraveltime