Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks.课时1SectionA（学生版）八年级下册英语讲义（人教版）

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.目标导航目标导航Words1._______________v.欢呼2._______________v.义务做；自愿做n.志愿者3._______________n.标志；信号；符号；标牌4._______________n.通知；通告；注意v.注意到；意识到5._______________adj.孤独的；寂寞的6._______________prep.几个；数个；一些7._______________adj.强烈的；强壮的8._______________n.感觉；感触9._______________n.满足；满意10._______________n.高兴；愉快11._______________n.物主；主人；所有者12._______________n.（尤指长途）旅行；行程13._______________v.募集；征集；筹集；抬起；举起14._______________n.午夜；子夜15._______________adv.独自地；孤独地；单独16._______________v.修理；修补17._______________v.修理；安装18._______________adj.破损的；残缺的19._______________n.&v.车轮；轮子；旋转20._______________n.信件；函；字母21._______________n.女士；小姐22._______________adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的23._______________adj.盲的；失明的；盲目的24._______________adj.聋的25._______________v.想象；设想26._______________n.困难；难题27._______________v.开；打开28._______________n.门29._______________v.拿；提；扛；携带；搬运30._______________v.训练；培训31._______________adj.激动的；兴奋的32._______________n.训练；培训33._______________n.仁慈；善良；亲切；善意34._______________adj.聪明的；聪颖的；机灵的35._______________v.理解；领会；懂36._______________v.&n.变化；改变37._______________n.兴趣；关注v.使感兴趣；使关注38._______________n.先生（用于正式信函中对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时，写为Sir）39._______________n.夫人；女士（用于正式信函中对不知名的女性收信人的称呼时；写为Madam）Phrases1.___________________________打扫(或清除)干净2.___________________________（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来3.___________________________分发；散发4.___________________________想出；提出(主意；计划；回答等)5.___________________________推迟6.___________________________分发7.___________________________打给(某人)；征召8.___________________________曾经……；过去……9.___________________________照顾；非常喜欢10.___________________________参加……选拔；试用11.___________________________修理；装饰；修补12.___________________________赠送；捐赠13.___________________________（外貌或行为）像14.___________________________建立；设立15.___________________________影响；有作用Sentences1.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedto.他们给我讲过去的故事以及事情曾经的样子。2.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.当我看到动物病情好转以及它们主人脸上喜悦的神情时，我有一种强烈的满足感。3.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.她四岁时就能自己阅读。4.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky。5.ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.她与＂动物帮手＂组织联系，试图给我一条经过特殊训练的狗。Grammar1.短语动词；2.动词不定式。【答案】words：1.cheer2.volunteer3.sign4.notice5.lonely6.several7.strong8.feeling9.satisfaction10.joy11.owner12.journey13.raise14.midnight15.alone16.repair17.fix18.broken19.wheel20.letter21.Miss22.disabled23.blind24.deaf25.imagine26.difficulty27.open28.door29.carry30.train31.excited32.training33.kindness34.clever35.understand36.change37.interest38.sir39.madamPhrases：1.cleanup2.Cheerup3.giveout4.eupwith5.putoff6.handout7.callup8.usedto9.carefor10.tryout11.fixup12.giveaway13.takeafter14.setup15.makeadifferenceSectionA知识精讲知识精讲1.cheerv.欢呼；喝彩cheerup（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheerup既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。☞Cheerup!Thenewsisn’ttoobad.振作起来！这消息不是太坏。☞Hetookhertothecinematocheerherup.为了让她高兴起来，他带她去了电影院。学&科网【知识拓展】（1）cheer作不及物动词，意为＂欢呼；喝彩＂。☞Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们为之欢呼。（2）cheer作及物动词，意为＂为……欢呼，高呼＂。☞Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero.全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。（3）cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers!干杯！☞Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。Let’s_____________Xiaodong.Heisverysadbecauseofhislostpetcat.A.setup B.cheerup C.putup2.giveout分发；散发giveout作＂分发＂讲时与handout同义。其后接代词作宾语时，放在两词中间。☞Herearesomenewpapers.Givethemout.这儿有些新试卷，把它们发下去吧。【知识拓展】（1）giveout还可意为＂用完；耗尽＂，为不及物动词短语，主语是被用光、耗尽之物。☞Ourfoodwillgiveout.我们的食物要吃完了。（2）giveout意为＂发出（光、热等）＂时，与giveoff同义。☞Theflowersinmygardengiveout/offasweetsmell.我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。（3）giveout意为＂筋疲力尽＂。☞Thehorsegaveout.马跑不动了。Heplentyofmoneytothepeopleintheearthquakearea.A．gaveout;togiveupwell B．gaveaway;helpoutthemC．gaveout;givethemup D．gaveaway;tohelpthemout3.eupwith想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）eupwith是个短语动词，由＂动词＋副词＋介词＂构成，相当于及物动词，后常跟idea，plan，answer等名词，相当于thinkof。☞Whocaneupwithanotheridea?谁能再想出一个主意？【注意】eupwith还可意为＂追赶上；比得上＂，相当于catchupwith。☞Wehavetoworkhardtoeupwiththem.我们必须努力工作，赶上他们。【知识拓展】与e相关的短语：efrom来自eupto达到eout出来，出版eon加油（2021·吉林长春·中考真题）Theycameup___________agoodideatokeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.4.lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的【易混辨析】lonely与alonelonely孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的形容词（adj.）定语或表语alone独自；单独形容词（adj.）或副词（adv.）作形容词时，只能作表语☞Theoldmanlivesinalonelytown.Hehasnochildrenandheisalone.Helivesalone,butdoesn’tfeellonely.这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他没有孩子，是个单身汉。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。【知识拓展】以ly结尾的单词未必都是副词，除lonely之外，常见的还有：friendly友好的，motherly母亲般的，monthly每月的等。它们皆为形容词，而不是副词。（2017·四川南充·中考真题）IknowOldJoelives______.Wearesupposedtovisithimfromtimetotime.Thenhewon’tfeel_______.A．alone,alone B．lonely,lonely C．lonely,alone D．alone,lonely5.Ihopetoworkoutside.我希望在外面工作。hope意为＂希望；期望＂；后常接动词不定式；构成短语＂hopetodosth＂意为＂希望做某事＂。☞Ihopetoseemypenpal,Lucy.我希望见到我的笔友露西。【易混辨析】hope与wish＂希望＂不同hopehopetodosth＂希望做某事＂hope+(that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望wishwishsbsth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿wishtodosth＂希望做某事＂wishsbtodosth＂希望某人做某事＂wish+（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望hope和wish都可作名词，但hope意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。学&科网【误区警示】hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hopetodosth，但不可以表达为hopesbtodosth。（2021·贵州·德江县教育局教研室八年级期中）—Ihopewecanwinthegametomorrow.—________A．Ihopeso. B．Thesametoyou. C．Notatall. D．That’sallright.2.IhopeIcanseeyouagain.（改为同义句）Ihope__________________again.6.howtocareforanimals如何照顾动物们（1）句中＂howtocareforanimals＂是＂疑问词+不定式＂结构作宾语，可以转化成宾语从句howIcancareforanimals。☞Childrenshouldlearnhowtocarefortheold.孩子们应该学习如何照顾老人。【知识拓展】＂疑问词+不定式＂结构的用法（1）构成：＂疑问词+不定式＂结构是英语中常用的一种结构。疑问词是指疑问代词who，whom，what，which，whose和疑问副词when，where，how等。（2）句法作用：这种结构在句中常作主语、宾语和表语。当此结构作宾语时，可与宾语从句进行同义转换。（3）常见的可跟此结构作宾语的动词有tell，know，decide，show，ask，consider，discover，explain，learn，understand等。①请你告诉我如何使用这个电脑程序好吗？Couldyoupleasetellme_______________________________________theputerprogram?②我们还没有决定去哪里度假。Wehaven’tdecided_______________________________________onvacation.③问题是下一步该做什么。Theproblemis_______________________________________next.（2）carefor意为＂关心，在乎＂，相当于careabout。☞Wemustcareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我们必须互相关心，互相帮助。☞Myparentscareaboutmyhealth.我父母关心我的健康。【知识拓展】（1）carefor还可意为＂喜欢＂，多用于疑问句和否定句，其同义短语为befondof。☞Theydonotmuchcareforart.他们对艺术不是很喜欢。（2）carefor可意为＂照料；照顾＂，与takecareof同义。☞Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。（2021·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—YuanLongping________people’sfoodsupply(粮食供应)aroundtheworldduringhislife.—Yeah.Heisregardedasthe“FatherofHybridRice”(杂交水稻之父).A．lookedup B．dependedon C．caredfor D．agreedwith7.Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.你可以帮着清洁城市公园。（1）could是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。句中could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。此外，could还常用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。☞Heaskedifhecouldhaveacupofcoffee.他问是否可以喝一杯咖啡。（2）句中help作动词，意为＂帮助＂，后跟不定式作宾语。☞Laurahelpedmetoplanmytrip.萝拉帮我规划我的旅游行程。【知识拓展】help的不同词性（1）作及物动词，意为＂帮助；援助；促进；对……有帮助＂，其常见用法如下：后常跟名词、代词作宾语☞Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。后常跟动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，不定式符号to可省略☞Schoolsneedvolunteerstohelpchildren(to)read.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。用于某些固定结构中helpsbwithsth＂帮助某人做某事＂helponeselfto...＂自用，自取（食物、饮料等）＂can’thelpdoingsth＂忍不住；情不自禁做某事＂（2）作名词，意为＂帮助；帮忙＂，常用作不可数名词，其常用短语为withthehelpof...＂在……的帮助下＂。①有人能帮我吗?Isthereanybodywhocan__________________________?②你能帮忙打开窗子吗?Couldyou_______________________________________thewindow?③谢谢你帮助我学英语。Thankyoufor_______________________________________myEnglish.8.Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.我们不能推迟制订计划。putoff意为＂推迟；拖延＂，是由＂动词+副词＂构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。☞Wecan’tputoffhavingthemeeting.我们不能推迟召开这次会议。【知识拓展】常见put构成的短语1．（2021·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—Jim,pleasehelpme________thetent.—OK.I’ming.It’sexcitingtosleepinittonight.A．geton B．getoff C．pulldown D．putup2．（2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题）Jimmywantsto_________histripbecauseheistoobusywithhisstudies.A．putoff B．waitfor C．preparefor分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1．Mymotherexpectme________(go)hikinginthemountains.2．Theyvolunteered________(care)forthosehomelesspeople.3．Myparentsallowme____________（have）apartyathomethisweekend.4．Whydoeshealwayshavemany________(difficult)answeringthesequestions?5．Hewantshislifetomakeabig________(different)intheworld.6．Theyallvolunteertheirtime________(help)otherpeople.7．Wecan’tputoff_________(have)themeeting.8．The________(die)ofherpetcatmadehercry.9．Jimmyexpectedallhisfriends________(e)tohisbirthdayparty.10．Do

you

mind________(take)

risks?二、多句选词填空careforputupgiveouttryoutcallup11．Mr.Greenhopes________severalschoolstoaskifhecanworkasanEnglishteacher.12．Theoldman________asign“Noparkinghere!”infrontofhishouse.Hethoughtpeoplecouldseeit.13．Thegirl________forSing!Chinabyherselflastmonth.14．Theteacher________testpaperstousandthenhesatdown.15．Theyvolunteeredinahospitalto________learnhowtoasickbaby.三、单项选择16．Weexpect________dosomethingspecial.A．tosee B．seeing C．see D．saw17．—HaveyouheardofZhangZiyi’snewmovie?—Yes,Ican’twait__________it.A．toseeing B．saw C．tosee D．see18．Myfatherpromised________dinnerwithmethismorning.A．have B．having C．tohave D．has19．Tomhopes________hisspokenEnglish,sohepracticesiteveryday.A．toimprove B．improves C．improving D．improve20．—Whereshallweeattonight?—Let’scallJack.He________knowsthebestplacestogo.A．hardly B．always C．only D．never21．Ifyougetthere,please________.A．calluson B．callusup C．callusaway D．callusoff22．Alleggslooksimilar________oneanother,butnotwoeggsarethesame________eachother.A．to;to B．as;as C．to;as D．as;to23．ThoughIliveintheforest________Idon’tfeel_________.A．alone;lonely B．alone;alone C．lonely;alone D．lonely;lonely24．Yoursuitcaseis________tomine.A．same B．like C．similar D．likely25．Jimmy

has

sixteen

broken

bikes

to

and

give

away

to

kids

who

don’t

have

bikes.A．fix

up B．set

up C．put

up D．cheer

up四、补全对话7选5A:Hey,Bill.Whatareyoudoing?B:26．A:Iworkedtherelastmonth.Doyouneedmyhelp?B:Sure.27．A:Ihelpedtodomanythingslikedoingthecleaningandtellingstories.B:28．A:AndIalsosanganddancedfortheold.B:29．A:Yes,theythoughtIcouldbringthemhappiness.30．B:That’sagoodidea.Thankyou.A:You’rewele.A．Thatsoundsgood.B．Let'seupwithanidea.C．I'mmakingaplantoworkattheoldpeople'shome.D．Whydon'tyoulisttheminyourplan?E.Youareright.F.Couldyoutellmewhatkindofvolunteerworkyoudid?G.Theywereinterestedinthose,right?题组B能力提升练五、完型填空Someboysstoodaroundatalltree.“Itwouldbe31toclimbtothetop!”theysaidtoeachother.Theboysthendecidedtoplayagametosee32couldclimbtothetopofthetreefirst.Theirmothersweresittingnotfaraway,33uptheirchildrenastheyplayed.Oneoftheclimberswasan8yearoldboynamedDavid.Hewastheshortestchild34thegroup.Noonethoughthewouldwinthepetition.Thenthegame35.Alloftheboystriedtheirbesttoclimbashighastheycould.36theyallmadeithalfwayupthetreebeforeDaviddid,hereachedthetopofthetreefastestintheend.Hismotherwashappy37this.Sheaskedhim,“David,howdidyoutrytoreachthetopofthetreeso38?”“Itwaseasy,”Davidsaid.“Theotherchildrenkeptlookingdownastheyclimbed.Whentheyrealizedhowhightheywere,theygotscared39wereafraidoffallingdown.I,however,lookedonlyup.WhenIsawhowcloseIwas,I40goinghigherandhigheruntilIreachedthetop.”Itistrueinlifethatifwejustkeepgoingforwardwithoutlookingback,wearemorelikelytoreachourdreams.31．A．interesting B．boring C．important D．difficult32．A．what B．who C．when D．where33．A．putting B．cleaning C．calling D．cheering34．A．to B．at C．in D．on35．A．started B．ended C．came D．went36．A．Because B．Before C．Although D．Unless37．A．see B．tosee C．seeing D．saw38．A．heavily B．nearly C．slowly D．quickly39．A．and B．but C．or D．so40．A．enjoyed B．finished C．kept D．practiced六、阅读单选AHelpingothersisagreatthingtodo.Youcanlearnnewthingsandhavefun.Youcanhelppeople,animalsortheenvironment.Itcanmakeyoufeelgoodtoo!Howcanyouhelp?Charities(慈善机构)areorganizationsthathelpothers,suchasUNICEFortheWorldWildlifeFund.Youcanhelpcharitiesbygivingyourtime,givingmoneyorgivingthingsthatyouown.Youcanalsohelppeopleorplacesyouknow.VolunteeringVolunteeringiswhenyougiveyourtimetohelpothers.Somewaysofvolunteeringare:·visitingoldpeopletotalktothemorhelpthem·walkingdogsatananimalshelter·cleaningupapark.Fundraising(募捐)Fundraisingiswhenyoucollectmoneytohelpothers.Somewaysoffundraisingare:·makingcakesorbiscuitstosell·doingasponsored(赞助)activity.Forexample,familyandfriendsgiveyoumoneyifyoufinishalongwalk.Donating(捐赠)Donatingiswhenyougiveyourthingstohelpothers.Somewaysofdonatingare:·givingyouroldtoysorclothestoacharitythathelpssickchildrenorpoorpeople·givingyouroldbookstoalibrarySo,whatcanyoudotohelpothers?41．Whichorganizationismentionedinthepassage?A．ORBIS. B．Oxfam. C．WWF. D．WTO.42．Whichofthefollowingisagoodwaytoraisemoneyforacharity?A．Visitingasickchild. B．Doingasponsoredwalk. C．Cleaningupalibrary. D．Talkingwitholdpeople.43．Whatdotheunderlinedwordsprobablyreferto?A．Ahousetoprotectanimalsfromrain. B．Abuildingtokeepanimalsondisplay.C．Ahomeforlargeanddangerousanimals. D．Aplaceforpoorandhomelessanimals.44．Whatisthewriter'spurpose(目的)ofwritingthispassage?A．Toshowwaysofhelpingothers. B．Tosharepersonalexperiences.C．Toexplainreasonsfordonations. D．Tointroducesomeorganizations.45．Wheredoesthepassageprobablyefrom?A．Amagazine. B．Astorybook. C．Atravelguide. D．Sciencefiction.B“PleasehelpmefindtheRhABnegativeblood(熊猫血)formyfather!”MissHuangfromWuhanaskedforhelponChangjiangDailyonJuly21,2019.Herfatherwasover70andhewasinaserioussituationwhenshetookhimtoahospital.Heneededanimmediateoperation(手术),orhecouldlosehislife.However,therewasnoRhABnegativebloodforhim.Thedoctorshadtoputofftheoperation.“AnoldmanwithRhABnegativebloodisingreatdanger.Weneedsuchbloodforhisoperation!”ShenJianwhoworksintheWuhanBloodCentercalledoutthevolunteersintheirpublicQQgroups.Hecheckedtheirinformationontheputerandcalledthemonebyone.YuZhouwasdoinghouseworkwhenhereceivedShen’scallatnineo’clockatnight.Hewenttothecenteranddonated(捐)400mlofbloodatonce.WangBingwasatworkwhenhepickedupthephone.Assoonashefinishedworking,hewenttodonate400mlofbloodaswell.XuHuijundonated200ml.TanPengandLuJuanzhialsodonatedtheirbloodintheclosestbloodcenter.ByJuly22,thefivevolunteersdonated1,600mlofRhABnegativebloodafterpassingexaminations.Thedoctorhadanoperationontheoldmansoon.Justthreepercentofpeopleown(拥有)RhABnegativeblood.WuhanBloodCentersetupthreeQQgroupsforvolunteersin2002.Theygivetheirbloodregularly(定期地)andhavehelpedpeopleintroubleforyears.46．Theunderlinedword“immediate”means“”inChinese.A．重要的 B．综合的 C．紧急的47．Fromthepassage,weknowMr.Huang’sbloodwasn’t.A．mon B．cheap C．clear48．wasworkingwhenShenJiancalledhim.A．YuZhou B．WangBing C．XuHuijun49．HowmuchblooddidTanPengandLuJuanzhidonate?A．Theydonated200mlofbloodeach.B．Theydonated400mlofbloodtogether.C．Theydonated600mlofbloodtogether.50．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SaveanoldmanatnightB．ThankstofiveblooddonationvolunteersC．LookforRhABnegativeblood七、短文选词填空get，go，wash，do，dieMrs.Brownlivesinasmalltown.Herhusband51．whenshewasfifty­eight.Andfiveyearsagoherdaughtergotmarried.Nowtheoldwomanstaysathomealone.“Ihaven'tseenLilyformonths,”theoldwomanthoughtoneday.“Perhapssomethinghashappenedtoher.”“Hello,dear,”Mrs.Brownsaidonthephone.“Howareyou52．alongnow？”“It'stoobad,Mommy,”saidawoman.“MychildrenoftenmaketheirclothesdirtybutIhavenotime53．them.Ihavetolookafterthechildrenandcan'tcleantheroom.Severalfriendswilletodinnerthisevening,butIcan'tcookforthem.Idon'tknowwhat54．.“Don'tworry,”saidMrs.Brown.“I55．tohelpyousoon.”“It'sverykindofyou!Andhow'sDaddy？”“Daddy?Don'tyourememberyourdaddydiednineyearsago？”Therewasalittlesilence.“Whatnumberdidyoudial(拨号)？”“Oh,sorry,”saidtheoldwoman.“I'vedialedawrongnumber！”“Holdon,please,”shoutedthewoman.“Doesitmeanyouwon'tetohelpme？”题组C培优拔尖练一、单项选择1．（2021·山东济南·中考真题）—Haveyoufinishedyourbookreportyet?—No,Ihaven’t.Iplan________itthisweekend.A．write B．wrote C．writing D．towrite2．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）BecauseofCOVID19,thegovernmentadvisedus________tothepublicplacesless.A．going B．togo C．nottogo D．go3．（2021·上海·中考真题）Themanageraskedhissecretary________thereportbeforeFriday.A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．tofinish4．（2020·四川内江·中考真题）—Don'tforget__________offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.—OK.I'lldothat.A．turn B．turns C．turning D．toturn5．（2020·河北·中考真题）Somevolunteersaregoingtothecentralpark.Let'sjointhem.A．putup B．cleanup C．lookup D．giveup6．（2020·天津·中考真题）I’vejustwatchedaTVprogrammeaboutspace.Ihope________onthemoononeday.A．walk B．walked C．walking D．towalk二、用所给单词的正确形式填空7．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Mr.Wangaskedme_________（give）aspeechonhowtostudyEnglishlastFriday.8．（2020·江苏淮安·中考真题）Socialworkersinourmunityarepatientenough_______(explain)howtoregisterHuaishangtong(注册淮上通).9．（2020·湖南永州·中考真题）TouchedbydoctorsandnursesinWuhan,LiMingwants________(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.三、完型填空（2020·吉林长春·中考真题）LastSaturday,DuJuancametoaparkwithherredchairandtoolsasusual.Sh