PMI培训资料：机泵基础知识及操作

机泵基础知识及操作主要内容：1、泵的分类及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）4、泵的常见故障及处理方法（thepumpcommonfaultsandtreatmentmethods）1、泵的分类及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.1泵的定义（Pumpdefinition）

什么叫泵？

通常把提升液体，输送液体或使液体增加压力，即把原动力机的机械能变为液体能量的机器统称为泵。Whatisthepump?Amachinethatusuallyliftsaliquid,conveysaliquid,orincreasesthepressureofaliquid,thatis,themechanicalenergythatconvertsthemechanicalpoweroftheprimemoverintoliquidenergy.

流体能量Fluidenergy机械能量Mechanicalenergy泵Pump1、泵的分类及用途（

theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.2泵的分类(classificationofpump)

按工作原理分：可以分为叶片式泵、容积式泵和其它类型泵三大类。Accordingtotheprincipleofworkpoints:typesofpumpcanbedividedintothreecategories.Vanepump,positivedisplacementpumpandother.

叶片式泵根据泵的叶轮和流道结构特点的不同，叶片式泵可分为：离心泵（centrifugalpump），轴流泵（axialpump），混流泵（mixed-flowpump），旋涡泵（peripheralpump），喷射式泵（jetpump）。

VanepumpAccordingtothepumpimpellerandthecharacteristicsofthedifferentflowchannel,thebladepumpcanbedividedinto:centrifugalpump,axialflowpump,mixedflowpump,vortexpump,jetpump.

容积式泵根据运动部件运动方式的不同又分为：往复泵和回转泵两类。Volumetricpumpaccordingtothemovementofdifferentpartsofthemovementisdividedinto:reciprocatingpumpandrotarypumptwocategories1、泵的分类及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.2泵的分类(Classificationofpumps)

泵是国民经济中应用最广泛、最普遍的通用机械，除了水利、电力、农业和矿山等大量采用外，尤以石油化工生产用量最多。而且由于化工生产中原料、半成品和最终产品中很多是具有不同物性的液体，如腐蚀性、固液两相流、高温或低温等，要求有大量的具有一定特点的化工用泵来满足工艺上的要求。Pumpisthemostwidelyusedinthenationaleconomy,themostcommongeneralmachinery,inadditiontowaterconservancy,electricity,agricultureandminingandotherlarge-scaleuse,especiallythelargestamountofpetrochemicalproduction.Andbecausethechemicalproductionofrawmaterials,semi-finishedproductsandthefinalproductisalotofdifferentphysicalpropertiesoftheliquid,suchascorrosive,solid-liquidtwo-phaseflow,hightemperatureorlowtemperature,requiresalargenumberofchemicalplantswithcertaincharacteristicstomeettheprocessTherequest.1、泵的分类及用途（theclassificationanduseofthepump）1.3泵的用途

(useof

pump)

2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

离心泵依靠旋转叶轮对液体的作用把原动机的机械能传递给液体，由于离心泵的作用液体从叶轮进口流向出口的过程中，其速度能和压力能都得到增加被叶轮排出的液体经过出室大部分速度能转换成压力能然后沿排出管路送出去。这时，叶轮进口处侧因液体的排出而形成真空或低压，吸入池中液体在液面压力（大气压）的作用下，即被压入叶轮进口。于是，旋转着的叶轮就连续不断地吸入和排出液体。Thecentrifugalpumpreliesontheactionoftherotatingimpellertotransferthemechanicalenergyoftheprimemovertotheliquid.Astheactionofthecentrifugalpumpflowsfromtheimpellerinlettotheoutlet,itsvelocityandpressureenergyareincreased.TheliquiddischargedfromtheimpellerpassesthroughthechamberMostofthespeedcanbeconvertedintopressureandthensentalongthedischargeline.Atthistime,theimpellerinletsideoftheliquiddischargeduetotheformationofavacuumorlowpressure,thesuctiontankliquidintheliquidpressure(atmosphericpressure)undertheaction,thatispressedintotheimpellerinlet.Thus,therotatingimpellercontinuouslysucksanddischargestheliquid.

2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

旋涡泵一种特殊类型的离心泵。叶轮为一圆盘，四周由凹槽构成的叶片成辐射状排列，叶片数目可多达几十片。叶轮旋转过程中泵内液体随之旋转的同时，又在径向环隙的作用下多次进入叶片反复作旋转运动，从而获得较高能量。Aspecialtypeofcentrifugalpump.Theimpellerisadisc,surroundedbythegroovecomposedofleavesarrangedinaradialarrangement,thenumberofleavesuptodozensofpieces.Impellerrotationprocesswiththerotationoftheliquidatthesametime,butalsoundertheactionoftheradialringundertherepeatedaccesstothebladeforrepeatedrotation,inordertoobtainhigherenergy.。2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）

离心泵的品种很多，各种类型泵的结构虽然不同，但主要零部件基本相同。主要零部件有泵壳、泵盖、泵体、叶轮、密封环、泵轴、机封或填料函、联轴器、轴承等。Manytypesofcentrifugalpumps,varioustypesofpumpstructure,althoughdifferent,butthemainpartsarebasicallythesame.

Themaincomponentsarepumpshell,pumpcover,pump,impeller,sealring,pumpshaft,machinesealorstuffingbox,coupling,bearingsandsoon.2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理（thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple）2.1离心泵的工作原理（workingprincipleofcentrifugalpump）2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

容积式泵是指靠工作部件的运动造成工作容积周期性地增大和缩小而吸排液体，并靠工作部件的挤压而直接使液体的压力能增加。Thepositivedisplacementpumpiscausedbythemovementoftheworkingparttocausetheworkingvolumetoperiodicallyincreaseanddecreasetosucktheliquid,andthepressureoftheliquidcanbeincreaseddirectlybythepressingoftheworkingpart.

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

齿轮泵：两齿轮在泵吸入口脱离啮合，形成低压区，液体被吸入并随齿轮的转动被强行压向排出端。在排出端两齿轮又相互啮合形成高压区将液体挤压出去。齿轮泵可产生较高的扬程，但流量小。适用于输送高粘度液体或糊状物料，但不宜输送含固体颗粒的悬浮液。Gearpump:thetwogearsaredisengagedfromthepumpinlettoformalowpressurezonewheretheliquidissuckedandforcedtothedischargeendwiththerotationofthegear.Inthedischargesideofthetwogearsandmeshingwitheachothertoformahighpressureareatosqueezeouttheliquid.

Gearpumpcanproduceahigherlift,buttheflowissmall.Itissuitableforconveyinghighviscosityliquidorpastymaterial,butitisnotadvisabletotransportthesuspensioncontainingsolidparticles.齿轮泵Gearpump2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

螺杆泵的工作原理与齿轮泵相似，是借助转动的螺杆与泵壳上的内螺纹、或螺杆与螺杆相互啮合将液体沿轴向推进，最终由排出口排出。按螺杆的数目，有单螺杆泵、双螺杆泵、三螺杆泵以及五螺杆泵。Theworkingprincipleofthescrewpumpissimilartothatofthegearpump,andtheliquidispropelledintheaxialdirectionbytherotatingscrewandtheinternalthreadonthepumpcasing,orthescrewandthescrewareintermeshed,andfinallydischargedfromthedischargeport.Accordingtothenumberofscrews,asinglescrewpump,twinscrewpump,threescrewpumpandfivescrewpump.

螺杆泵压头高、效率高、无噪音、适用于输送高粘度液体。

Screwpumppressureheadhigh,highefficiency,nonoise,suitableforconveyinghighviscosityliquid.2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

隔膜泵：用弹性金属薄片或耐腐蚀性橡皮制成的隔膜将活柱与被输送液体隔开，与活柱相通的一侧则充满油或水。当活柱往复运动时，迫使隔膜交替向两侧弯曲，将液体吸入和排出。Diaphragmpump:Adiaphragmmadeofresilientmetalfoilorcorrosionresistantrubberseparatesthecolumnfromtheconveyedliquidandthesideofthecolumnisfilledwithoilorwater.

Whenthelivecolumnreciprocatingmotion,forcingthediaphragmalternatelytobothsidesofthebending,theliquidinhalationanddischarge.气动隔膜泵2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

计量泵的传动装置是通过偏心轮把电机的旋转运动变成柱塞的往复运动。偏心轮的偏心距可调，以此来改变柱塞往复的行程，从而达到调节和控制泵的流量的目的。计量泵一般用于要求输液量十分准确或几种液体要求按一定配比输送的场合。Meteringpumptransmissiondeviceisthroughtheeccentricwheeltothemotor'srotarymotionintoareciprocatingmotionoftheplunger.Eccentricwheeleccentricityadjustable,inordertochangetheplungerreciprocatingstroke,soastoachievethepurposeofregulatingandcontrollingtheflowofthepump.Meteringpumpsaregenerallyusedtorequiretheinfusionvolumeisveryaccurateorseveralliquidsrequiredbyacertainratioofdeliveryoccasions.2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.2容积式的工作原理(Volumetricworkprinciple)

喷射泵是利用工作流体通过喷嘴高速射流时产生真空将气体吸入，在泵体内与工作流体混合后排出。工作流体可以是蒸汽或液体；

结构简单，无运动部件，但效率低，工作流体消耗大。单级可达90%的真空度，多级喷射泵可获得更高的真空度。Jetpumpistheuseofworkingfluidthroughthenozzlewhenthehigh-speedjetvacuumgeneratedbythegasinhalation,mixedwiththeworkingfluidinthepumpafterthedischarge.Theworkingfluidmaybesteamorliquid;

Simplestructure,nomovingparts,buttheefficiencyislow,theworkingfluidconsumption.Single-stageupto90%ofthevacuum,multi-stagejetpumpcangetahigherdegreeofvacuum.2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.3喷射泵的工作原理(Jetpump

workprinciple)

2、泵的结构及工作原理(thestructureofthepumpandworkingprinciple)2.3喷射泵的工作原理(Jetpump

workprinciple)

3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1离心泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

检查泵体及出入口管线，附属管线，阀门，法兰，活接头、压力表有无泄漏，地脚螺丝及电机接地线有无松动，联轴节是否接好。2.

检查泵出口压力表和密封油压力表是否安装良好，量程选择是否合适，压力表、电流表、轴承箱油位否已用安全红线标记，核实压力表根部阀已打开。3.

按机泵滑润油“五定”（定点：规定每台设备的润滑部位及加油点；定人：规定每个加、换油点的责任人；定质：规定每个加油点的润滑油品牌号；定时：规定加、换油时间；定量：规定每次加、换油数量）和三级过滤（一级过滤为领油大桶到固定贮油箱、二级过滤为贮油箱到油壶、三级过滤为油壶到润滑部位）规定向轴承油箱注入合格滑润油，油箱必须用润滑油清洗干净，油位加至油标的1/3～2/3之间。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1离心泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.Checkthepumpandinletandoutletpipelines,ancillarypipelines,valves,flanges,unionjoints,pressuregaugeforleaks,footscrewandmotorgroundwireforloose,couplingisconnected.

2.Checkthepumpoutletpressuregaugeandsealoilpressuregaugeisinstalledwell,therangeselectionisappropriate,pressuregauge,ammeter,bearingtankoillevelhasbeenmarkedwithasaferedline,verifythepressuregaugerootvalvehasbeenopened.

3.Accordingtothepumpoil"fivefixed"(fixedpoint:theprovisionsofeachdevicelubricationandrefuelingpoint;setpeople:theprovisionsofeachplus,oilchangepointofresponsibility;quality:theprovisionsofeachpointoflubrication(Onetimeforeachincrease,thenumberofoilchange)andthreefilters(afilterfortheoilvatstoafixedstoragetank,twofiltersforthestoragetanktotheoilpot,Threefiltersfortheoiltanktothelubricationsite)tothebearingtankintothequalifiedoil,thetankmustbecleanedwithoil,oilleveladdedtotheoilbetweenthe1/3~2/3between.4.

盘车，检查转子是否灵活、轻松，泵体内是否有不正常声音和金属撞击声，盘车后将对轮罩复位。5.

打开泵体和自冲洗冷却器的冷却水使其畅通循环。6.

带有密封油罐冲洗的泵，确认密封油罐油液位在50％~60%之间，密封油罐顶部至放火炬线的阀门打开。

7.

全开泵的入口阀灌泵，使泵内充满液体，打开泵出口管线的排气阀，用手沿泵旋转方向转动泵轴，将泵内空气及其他气体全部排除（密闭排放）。

8.

对于泵送介质温度在200℃以上或泵送介质为易凝介质的泵，在运行前必须充分暖泵。暖泵必须缓慢，升温速度不得超过50℃/h，预热到与运转温度差40～60℃范围内，预热过程中每隔30～40分钟盘车180°。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1离心泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.1离心泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthecentrifugalpumpbeforeopeningthepump）4.Checkthecar,checktherotorisflexible,easy,thepumpbodyisabnormalsoundandmetalimpactsound,thewheelwillberesetwhenthewheelcover.

5.Openthepumpandthecoolingwaterfromtheflushcoolertoallowittocirculate.

6.Withasealedtankflushingpump,confirmthesealoiltanklevelbetween50%to60%,sealedthetopofthetanktothetorchlinetoopenthevalve.7.Openthepumpinletvalvetopumpthepumpsothatthepumpisfilledwithliquid,opentheexhaustvalveofthepumpoutletline,turnthepumpshaftinthedirectionofrotationofthepump,andremovealltheairandothergasesinthepump(closeddischarge)The8.Forpumpswherethepumpingmediumtemperatureisabove200°Corthepumpingmediumisacondensablemedium,thepumpmustbeadequatelywarmbeforerunning.Theheatingpumpmustbeslow,theheatingrateshallnotexceed50℃/h,preheattotheoperatingtemperaturedifferenceof40~60℃range,preheatingprocessevery30to40minutescar180°.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2离心泵的启泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

1.

启动前再次手动盘车，确认旋转平滑无卡涩，无轻重不匀。2.

准备好油壶，工具，测温仪，听棒，测振仪，“F”扳手等。3.

联系电工送电，对新安装泵或电机检修后的泵，应点动一下检查机泵旋转方向是否正常，若反转，应立即停泵联系电工处理。4.

确认入口阀全开、出口阀全关（热油泵启泵前关闭预热线阀门），如单泵有最小流量旁通阀，则该阀门开度10～30%。5.

按启动电钮启动机泵（高压电机驱动的泵启动前需通知调度，调度同意后方可按启动按钮）。密切监视电流指示和泵出口压力指示的变化；检查密封油的情况和端面密封的泄漏情况，察听机泵的运转声音是否正常，检查机泵的振动情况和各运转点的温度上升情况，若发现电流超负荷或机泵有杂音不正常，应立即停泵查找原因。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2离心泵的启泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

1.Startagainbeforethemanualcar,toconfirmtherotationsmoothwithoutjam,noseverityuneven.

2.Preparetheoilpot,tools,thermometer,listeningrod,vibrationmeter,"F"wrenchandsoon.

3.Contacttheelectriciantosendelectricity,thenewinstallationofthepumpormotorafterthepump,shouldbealittlebittocheckthedirectionofrotationofthepumpisnormal,ifreversed,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptocontacttheelectrician.

4.Makesurethattheinletvalveisfullyopenandtheoutletvalveisfullyclosed(thehotpumpclosesthepreheatlinevalve).Ifthesinglepumphastheminimumflowbypassvalve,thevalveopeningis10~30%.

5.Pressthestartbuttontostartthepump(high-voltagemotor-drivenpumptobenotifiedbeforethestartofscheduling,scheduling,pressthestartbutton).Closemonitoringofthecurrentindicationandpumpoutletpressureindicationchanges;checkthesealingoilandtheendofthesealofthesituation,checkthepumprunningsoundisnormal,checkthepumpvibrationandtheoperatingpointofthetemperaturerise,ifFoundthatthecurrentoverloadorpumpnoiseisnotnormal,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptofindthecause.6.

确认启动正常(所谓正常，即启动后，电流指针超程后很快下来，泵出口压力不低于正常操作压力，无晃量抽空现象，密封、振动、噪音、温度无异常)，即可缓慢均匀地打开泵出口阀门，并同时密切监视电流指示和泵出口压力指示的变化情况，当电流指示值随着出口阀的逐渐开大而逐渐上升后，说明量已打出去。7.

按规定做好测温测振记录。6.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestartofthecurrentpointeroverturnedquicklydown,thepumpoutletpressureisnotlowerthanthenormaloperatingpressure,noAkirataketime,seal,vibration,noise,notemperature)Canslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andatthesametimeclosemonitoringofcurrentandpumpoutletpressureindicationchanges,whenthecurrentindicatorwiththeexportvalvegraduallyopenedandgraduallyincreased,indicatingthattheamounthasbeenhitout.

7.Accordingtotheprovisionsofthetemperaturemeasurementrecord.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.2离心泵的启泵操作（centrifugalpumppumpoperation）

3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3离心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）1.

先关闭泵出口阀门，然后按停机按钮停机，视情况关闭入口阀门（如泵不检修，则不必关闭）。2.

停泵后如需检修，则将密封油罐的密封油排干净，泵体温度降至常温后停冷却水(若泵停后不检修，可以不排封油罐的封油，不停冷却水)，打开泵体排空阀向密闭放空系统排液至泵体排空。3.

热油泵停运后，可适当调小冷却水而不应停止冷却，打开泵预热线阀门，使之处于热备用状态，应防止预热量太大引起泵倒转。若泵需解体检修，则应关闭入口阀，适当打开泵出入口管线的联通线阀，关闭泵体预热线手阀，冷却后待修，但应经常检查泵体的冷却速度，判断出入口阀门是否关严。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3离心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）1.Closethepumpoutletvalvefirst,thenpressthestopbuttontostop,asthecaseclosestheinletvalve(ifthepumpisnotrepaired,donothavetoshutdown).

2.Ifyouneedtorepairthepump,thenthesealedoiltanksealedoilrowclean,thepumptemperaturedroppedtoroomtemperatureafterthestopcoolingwater(ifthepumpisnotrepairedaftertherepair,youcannotrowtheoiltank,Coolingwater),openthepumpdrainvalvetotheclosedventingsystemdraintothepumpbodyemptying.

3.Afterthehotoilpumpoutage,maybeappropriatetoadjustthecoolingwaterandshouldnotstopcooling,openthepumppreheatlinevalve,sothatinthehotstandbystate,shouldpreventtoomuchheatcausedbypumpreverse.Ifthepumpshouldbedisassembled,youshouldclosetheinletvalve,properlyopenthepumpinletandoutletlineoftheline,closethepumppreheathandvalve,aftercoolingtoberepaired,butshouldalwayscheckthepumpcoolingratetodeterminewhethertheinletvalvestrict.4.

刚停泵后，应注意电机温度的回升(特别是较大电机或夏季)，必要时可用压缩风胶管吹电机冷却。5.

停泵后每个小时盘车一次并做好记录。6.

需要检修的泵，要在停泵后隔离、冷却、排液，停辅助系统，使泵内压力下降为零。需置换吹扫的泵必须吹扫干净。确认所有阀门已关闭，并且各个能量隔离点挂禁动拍防止人员误操作。7.联系电工对需要检修的泵进行断电操作。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3离心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.3离心泵的停泵操作（Centrifugalpumpstoppumpoperation）4.Justafterstoppingthepump,payattentiontothemotortemperaturerise(especiallythelargermotororsummer),ifnecessary,canbecompressedairhoseblowingmotorcooling.

5.Afterstoppingthepumpeverytimethecaronceandmakearecord.

6.Needtorepairthepump,tostopthepumpaftertheisolation,cooling,drainage,stoptheauxiliarysystem,sothatthepressuredroptozeropump.Thepumptobepurgedmustbepurged.Makesureallvalvesareclosedandthattheindividualenergyisolationpointsaredisabledtopreventpersonnelfrommalfunctioning.

7.Contacttheelectriciantopoweroffthepumpthatneedstoberepaired.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）1.

绝对不允许无液体空转,以免零件损坏。2.

必须确保轴承箱油位及油质正常，以防轴承磨损损坏。3.

不允许未灌泵排气即运转泵。4.

启动后在出口阀未开的情况下断流运行一般不应超过1分钟。5.

必要时用出口阀调节流量，不可用入口阀调节流量，以免抽空。6.

启动前必须要把出口阀全关，防止主电机启动时因过载而导致主电机调停或主电机烧坏。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）1.Neverallownoliquididling,soastoavoidpartsdamage.

2.Mustensurethatthebearingtankoillevelandoilqualitytopreventdamagetothebearingwear.

3.Donotallowthepumpisnotpumpedtorunthepump.

4.Afterthestartoftheoutletvalveisnotopeninthecaseofdisconnectionoperationshouldgenerallynotexceed1minute.

5.Ifnecessary,usetheoutletvalvetoadjusttheflow,cannotusetheinletvalvetoadjusttheflow,soasnottotakethetime.

6.Beforestartingtheoutletvalvemustbefullyclosed,topreventthemainmotorwhenthestartduetooverloadcausedbythemainmotormediationorthemainmotorburned.7.

运行泵运转时，备用泵应处于合理的备用状态(通常情况下泵的入口阀应全开,出口阀应关闭,对于高温泵应把泵的预热线阀门打开；对于带有联锁自启动的泵，在备用时出口阀的开度应与运行泵的出口阀必须有适当的开度)。8.

随时检查泵入口滤网的运行状况，判断入口滤网发生堵塞时，及时安排清洗。9.

对于带有联锁自启动的泵，备用泵现场操作柱应处于自动状态。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）7.Whenthepumpisrunning,thestandbypumpshouldbeinareasonablestandbystate(usuallythepumpinletvalveshouldbefullyopen,theoutletvalveshouldbeclosed,forthehightemperaturepumpshouldbethepumppreheatlinevalveopen;withinterlockingStartthepump,inthesparewhentheopeningoftheoutletvalveshouldberunningwiththepumpoutletvalvemusthavetheappropriateopening).

8.Checkthepumpinletfilteratanytimetodeterminetheoperationoftheinletfilterblock,thetimelyarrangementsforcleaning.

9.Forpumpswithinterlockingself-starting,thesparepumpoperatingcolumnshouldbeintheautomaticstate.10.离心泵：用润滑油润滑的滑动轴承不超过65℃、滚动轴承不超过70℃。用润滑脂润滑的滑动轴承不超过80℃，滚动轴承不超过95℃。电机：用润滑油润滑的滑动轴承不超过65℃、滚动轴承不超过70℃。用润滑脂润滑的滑动轴承不超过80℃，滚动轴承不超过95℃。振动：

小型转机（15kW以下）≤0.71mm/s，中型转机（300KW以下）≤1.12mm/s，大型转机刚性支承≤1.8mm/s，大型转机柔性支承≤2.8mm/s。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）10.Centrifugalpump:lubricatedwithlubricatingoilbearingsdonotexceed65℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed70℃.Greaselubricationoftheslidingbearingdoesnotexceed80℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed95℃.

Motor:Lubricatinglubricatingplainbearingsdonotexceed65℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed70℃.Greaselubricationoftheslidingbearingdoesnotexceed80℃,rollingbearingsdonotexceed95℃.

Vibration:smalltransfermachine(15kWbelow)≤0.71mm/s,medium-sizedmachine(300KWbelow)≤1.12mm/s,large-scaletransitionmachinerigidsupport≤1.8mm/s,large-scaleflexiblemachinesupport≤2.8mm/s.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）11.机泵轴封泄漏按一下标准执行：机械密封泄漏不超过以下标准：轻质油10滴/分，重油5滴/分。填料密封泄漏不超过以下标准：轻质油20滴/分，重油10滴/分。同时应视泵送介质的化学性质，环境及工艺条件等综合考虑。带冲洗的串联机封，要检查封油罐液位保持在50％左右，如出现封油罐液位上升或下降较快的现象，说明机械密封发生泄露。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.4离心泵的操作注意事项（Cautionofoperationofcentrifugalpump）11.Pumpshaftsealleakedbythestandardimplementation:

Mechanicalsealleakagedoesnotexceedthefollowingcriteria:lightoil10drops/min,heavyoil5drops/min.Packingsealleakagedoesnotexceedthefollowingcriteria:lightoil20drops/min,heavyoil10drops/min.Atthesametimeshouldbebasedonthechemicalpropertiesofthepump,theenvironmentandprocessconditions,suchascomprehensiveconsideration.Withaflushoftheseriesseal,tocheckthesealingtanklevelremainedatabout50%,suchastheemergenceofsealingtanklevelriseordeclinefasterphenomenon,indicatingthatthemechanicalsealleaked.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5计量泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

检查泵体及出入口管线，附属管线，阀门，法兰，活接头、压力表有无泄漏，地脚螺丝及电机接地线有无松动。2.

检查泵出口压力表和密封油压力表是否安装良好，量程选择是否合适，压力表、电流表、轴承箱油位否已用安全红线标记，核实压力表根部阀已打开。3.

按机泵滑润油“五定”（定点：规定每台设备的润滑部位及加油点；定人：规定每个加、换油点的责任人；定质：规定每个加油点的润滑油品牌号；定时：规定加、换油时间；定量：规定每次加、换油数量）和三级过滤（一级过滤为领油大桶到固定贮油箱、二级过滤为贮油箱到油壶、三级过滤为油壶到润滑部位）规定向轴承油箱注入合格滑润油，油箱必须用润滑油清洗干净，油位加至油标的1/3～2/3之间。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5计量泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.Checkthepumpandinletandoutletpipelines,ancillarypipelines,valves,flanges,unionjoints,pressuregaugeforleaks,footscrewandmotorgroundwireforloose.

2.Checkthepumpoutletpressuregaugeandsealoilpressuregaugeisinstalledwell,therangeselectionisappropriate,pressuregauge,ammeter,bearingtankoillevelhasbeenmarkedwithasaferedline,verifythepressuregaugerootvalvehasbeenopened.

3.Accordingtothepumpoil"fivefixed"(fixedpoint:theprovisionsofeachdevicelubricationandrefuelingpoint;setpeople:theprovisionsofeachplus,oilchangepointofresponsibility;quality:theprovisionsofeachpointoflubrication(Onetimeforeachincrease,thenumberofoilchange)andthreefilters(afilterfortheoilvatstoafixedstoragetank,twofiltersforthestoragetanktotheoilpot,Threefiltersfortheoiltanktothelubricationsite)tothebearingtankintothequalifiedoil,thetankmustbecleanedwithoil,oilleveladdedtotheoilbetweenthe1/3~2/3between.4.清理机泵入口过滤器，并且确认清理干净。5.检查机泵出入口管线上的放空全关，出口安全阀投用。6.检查机泵出入口阀已全开，出入口管线无泄漏。7.检查确认机泵的行程必须处在0%位置。4.Cleanthepumpinletfilterandconfirmcleanliness.

5.Checkthepumpontheinletandoutletoftheventonthewholeclearance,exportsafetyvalve.

6.Checkthepumpinletandoutletvalvesarefullyopen,theinletandoutletpipelineswithoutleakage.

7.Checkthatthetravelofthepumpmustbeat0%.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5计量泵的启泵前的检查（Checkthepumpbeforeopeningthepump）1.

启动前再次确认出入口阀全开，机泵的行程必须处在0%位置。2.

准备好油壶，工具，测温仪，听棒，测振仪，“F”扳手等。3.

联系电工送电，对新安装泵或电机检修后的泵，应点动一下检查机泵旋转方向是否正常，若反转，应立即停泵联系电工处理。4.

按启动电钮启动机泵，密切监视泵出口压力指示的变化；检查静密封点是否有泄漏情况，察听机泵的运转声音是否正常，检查机泵的振动情况和各运转点的温度上升情况，若发现机泵有杂音不正常，应立即停泵查找原因。5.确认启动正常(所谓正常，即启动后，无晃量抽空现象，密封、振动、噪音、温度无异常)，即可缓慢均匀地打开泵出口阀门，并同时密切监视泵出口压力指示的变化情况。6.

按规定做好测温测振记录。3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5计量泵的启泵（volumepumppumpoperation)1.Onceagain,confirmthattheinletandoutletvalvesarefullyopenandthestrokeofthepumpmustbeat0%.2.Preparetheoilpot,tools,thermometer,listeningrod,vibrationmeter,"F"wrenchandsoon.

3.Contacttheelectriciantosendelectricity,thenewinstallationofthepumpormotorafterthepump,shouldbealittlebittocheckthedirectionofrotationofthepumpisnormal,ifreversed,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptocontacttheelectrician.

4.Pressthestartbuttontostartthepump,closethepumpoutletpressureindicatorchanges;checkthestaticsealpointisleaked,checkthepumprunningsoundisnormal,checkthepumpvibrationandtheoperatingpointofthetemperatureriseSituation,iffoundthepumpisabnormalnoise,shouldimmediatelystopthepumptofindthecause.

5.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestart,noshaketheamountoftime,seal,vibration,noise,noabnormaltemperature),youcanslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andclosemonitoringpumpoutletpressureindicationchangesHappening.

6.Accordingtotheprovisionsofgoodtemperaturemeasurementrecord.3、泵的操作（thepumpoperation）3.5计量泵的启泵（volumepumppumpoperation)7.

确认启动正常(所谓正常，即启动后，无晃量抽空现象，密封、振动、噪音、温度无异常)，即可缓慢均匀地打开泵出口阀门，并同时密切监视泵出口压力指示的变化情况。8.

按规定做好测温测振记录。7.toconfirmthenormalstart(theso-callednormal,thatis,afterthestart,noshaketheamountoftime,seal,vibration,noise,notemperature),youcanslowlyandevenlyopenthepumpoutletvalve,andclosemonitoringpumpoutletpressureindicationchangesHappeni