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口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进一、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。一、做口译笔记时的注意事项二、常用速记符号
速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的
二、常用速记符号
速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语笔记符号state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角:人右下角:地方、地名、机构一.图形符号笔记符号state,kingdom,country,ncitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导,监督;顶点,顶级,最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundariescitizen,urbanresidents/inh多国,其他国家othercountries国民经济nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad多国,其他国家othercountries国民经济进口import出口export进出口import&export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinesepeople进口import出口export进出口impor经济实体economicentity金融机构financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人,政府首脑stateleader广场square,plaze经济实体economicentity金融机构fin宏观调控,macro-control首都capitalcity重要
important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence宏观调控,macro-control首都capital3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming
4.精彩
wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,3.主要4.精彩2.杰出5.强调emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant5.强调themostimportant特点,特色,特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof特点,特色,特征2.代表整体,全部,总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.团结,统一,团聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有国家所有人,人民群众整体,全部,总共2.团结,统一,团聚所有国家所有人,人民群主权和领土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting)主权和领土完整⊙会议峰会∞
关联linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流,交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership∞关联2.替代交流,交换2.关系双边关系,bilateralrelationship多边关系,multilateralrelationship举杯,协议toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议,bilateralagreement多边协议,multilateralagreement双边关系,bilateralrelationship多边关⊕发展,develop,development发达的,developed发展中的,developing开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate⊕发展,develop,development发达的,de2.形成,产生,出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.医疗卫生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution2.形成,产生,出现3.医疗卫生禁止,结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路,方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof禁止,结束道路,方法歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困难,挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远
faraway近
near,close歪曲2.困难,挫折远faraway近near,台阶,进步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress过去,历史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上个月lastmonth去年lastyear台阶,进步过去,历史昨天yesterday上个月l前所未有的,unprecedented很久以前,longbefore未来,将要,inthefuture改变,变化
change,transform前所未有的,unprecedented很久以前,longb果实,成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement(使)消失,废除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.
破坏,推翻,剥夺destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,
deprive,
果实,成果(使)消失,废除2.破坏,推翻,剥夺4.倒闭,下岗bankrupt,
layoff,resign,retire5.死亡,已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解决,达到,实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃abandon,desert,discard4.倒闭,下岗5.死亡,已故的6.解决,达到,实现3二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.说tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,开罗宣言,CairoManifesto赞扬speakhighlyof,praise批评criticize众说纷纭,若干说法variousopinions开罗宣言,CairoManifesto赞扬speak改革开放reformandopeningup爱,关心love,concern,careabout吓唬,威胁scare,threaten1.听,listento2.开放,beopento改革开放爱,关心吓唬,威胁1.听,listento:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示,显示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect:看2.想3.揭示,显示←1.来come2.收到receive3.需要,缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀请,应邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.卖sell2.获利makeaprofit←1.来come愿意接受acceptwithp去,到go
引起,导致resultin,leadto1.买buy2.投资invest↑增加;上升;完善;繁荣increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift
soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup去,到go1.买buy↑增加;上升;完善;繁荣↓减少,降低,贬值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很,非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深远的profound,far-reaching↓减少,降低,贬值1.很,非常deeply,very推动,促进,有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻碍,推迟obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback推动,促进,有助于阻碍,推迟↗冲突,矛盾,分歧,争议conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越来越increasing,growing,moreandmore越来越大biggerandbigger越来越多moreandmore↗冲突,矛盾,分歧,争议越来越越来越大bigger压力,影响pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今为止sofar,uptonow,tillnow压力,影响迄今为止…四.标点符号多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持续,继续,一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon…四.标点符号多numerous,countless3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某种程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略在某种程度上不那么重要﹗1.危险,警告,当心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加强语气:务必,一定,当然sure,certainly,ofcourse老实说,说实在的
tobefrank,totellyouthetruth﹗1.危险,警告,当心2.加强语气:务必,一定,当然老实﹖﹪问题,疑问question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑问句以“?”开头来记录百分比,percent﹖﹪问题,疑问2.所有疑问句以“?”开头来记录百分比,pe“”≪≫
引用(理论,名言等)邓小平理论Dengxiaopingtheories《红楼梦》
ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone书“”≪≫引用(理论,名言等)邓小平理论《红楼梦》书﹙﹚由…组成,包括,容纳contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于记录状语﹙﹚由…组成,包括,容纳〔〕用于记录状语∵∴五.数学符号因为,由于,幸亏because,dueto,thanksto所以,因此,结果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently∵∴五.数学符号因为,由于,幸亏所以,因此,结果是﹢和,另外,多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十anotherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer﹢和,另外,多另外五十anotherfifty五十多÷-=
减去,负增长
minus除了except相同,一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith÷-=减去,负增长除了except相同,一致the≠≈不赞同,不平等,有差距,不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事实notcomplywiththefact大约,大概about,almost,nearly等于说,也就是说thatistosay,inotherwords≠≈不赞同,不平等,有差距,不符合不符合事实大约,大概等于说<>1.大于,超过surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供过于求supplyexceedsdemand过热overheated少于,低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不应求demandexceedssupply<>1.大于,超过2.供过于求supplyexce∑总和sum∈×属于belongto错的,不好的,负面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否决veto∑总和sum∈×属于belongto错的,不好的,√
不称霸notseekhegemony对的,好的,积极的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持,善于,有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.认可,批准endorse,ratify,confirm,approve√不称霸notseekhegemony对的,好的文中立六.中文文化,文学,文明culture,literature,civilization中国People’sRepublicofChina立场,position(一)中文字文中立六.中文文化,文学,文明中国立场,position(力儿大力量,能力,权力power,strength,force,ability,capability儿童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市场,market力儿大力量,能力,权力儿童,childrenbig,(二)偏旁部首学习study,learn家family,home快,迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt(二)偏旁部首学习study,learn家fami组织organize,structure,tissue建设build,construct措施measure饭,食物meal,ricefood餐馆,饭店restaurant组织organize,structure,tissu疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient军事,军队military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health疾病illness,disease,ailment,fu(三)拼音字母感谢thank,appreciate称霸,霸权主义hegemony,seekhegemony贡献contribution腐败corruptionfu(三)拼音字母感谢thank,appreciat﹟七.谐音仅仅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly环境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background﹟七.谐音仅仅notonly环境八化学符号Fe铁ferrum,iron铁路railway八化学符号Fe铁ferrum,iron铁路rai九生物♀
♂
女性woman,female男性man,male九生物♀♂女性woman,female男性m十地图标识学校教育十地图标识学校教育十一英文(一)英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世纪century日子,今天day,today十一英文(一)英文字母bcd但是but,howevefgh经济economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小时,hourefgh经济economy金融finance政府ImM我I,me1.月month2.分钟minute管理managementn多many,much,multi-ImM我I,me1.月month2.分钟p1.政治,政党,政权,政策politics,party,power,policy2.部门department,section,ministry外交部theMinistryofForeignAffairs生产,产品produce,manufacture,productp1.政治,政党,政权,政策2.部门departmerR改革reform1.权利right2.公路road高速公路expresswayrR改革reform1.权利right高速公路s1.科学science2.社会society3.自从since社会主义socialism从那以后fromthenons1.科学science2.社会society3tR&D时间,倍time想,认为think技术technology科技scienceandtechnology高科技high-tech研发researchanddevelopmenttR&D时间,倍time技术technology科技uvwy你you胜利,成功win,success,victory,triumph我们we年yearuvwy你you胜利,成功我们we年year(二)英文小写缩略alco虽然,尽管,即使although,though,despiteindespiteof,evenif,eventhough商业business,commerce公司company,corporation,firm(二)英文小写缩略alco虽然,尽管,即使商业busicom
社团community财政fiscal教育education例如forexample,forinstancecom社团community财政fiscal教育insinfoinfra保险insurance信息information,message基础设施infrastructure邀请invitationinsinfoinfra保险insurance信息inu核的nuclear消息news贸易trade旅游travel,tour,journey税taxnu核的nuclear消息news贸易tradegymgraddocdemo利用use,utilize,makeuseof体育馆gymnasium毕业生graduates医生,博士doctor演示demonstrategymgraddocdemo利用use,utilizeen经验,经历experience效率effective,efficiency尽快assoonasimpossible请please能源energyen经验,经历experience效率effecti(三)英文大写缩略CPCSOEPC中国共产党CommunistPartyofChina国有企业state-ownedenterprise1.个人电脑personalcomputer2.记者招待会pressconference(三)英文大写缩略CPCSOEPC中国共产党国有企业1.DPRKROK亚太地区Asia-Pacificregion朝鲜DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea韩国RepublicofKoreaDPRKROK亚太地区Asia-PacificregiLRJCJVHR劳动力资源laborresources联合公报JointCommunique合资企业JointVenture人权humanright人力资源humanresourcesLRJCJVHR劳动力资源laborresourcesPESMESEZOK批准,认可ratify,authorize计划经济PlannedEconomy社会主义市场经济SocialistMarketEconomy经济特区SpecialEconomicZonePESMESEZOK批准,认可ratify,autho组织缩略&国家地区缩略UN联合国UnitedNationsUNESCOGATT联合国教科文组织UnitedNationsEconomic,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization关贸总协定GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade组织缩略&国家地区缩略UN联合国UnitedNatioAPECOPECEUWTO世界贸易组织WorldTradeOrganization亚太经合组织theAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation石油输出国家组织OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries欧盟EuropeanUnionAPECOPECEUWTO世界贸易组织亚太经合组织石油输出国IMFAmUSUK国际货币基金组织InternationalMonetaryFund美国America,theUnitedStates英国theUnitedKingdomIMFAmUSUK国际货币基金组织美国America,HKTWKr朝鲜,韩国Korea香港Hongkong台湾Taiwan日本JapanHKTWKr朝鲜,韩国Korea香港HongkongBJSHSZCS北京Beijing上海Shanghai深圳Shenzhen长沙ChangshaBJSHSZCS北京Beijing上海Shangha(四)单词spynew(四)单词spynew(五)音标1.行动act,action,activity2.计划,方案,项目program,project(五)音标1.行动act,action,activ十二货币符号$¥£1.美元dollars2.钱money1.人民币RMB2.利益interest,profit英镑pound十二货币符号$¥£1.美元dollars2.钱十三其它符号-这,现在,现行,当前this,now,here,existing,moderncurrent,nowadays,contemporaryatpresent2.基础basis,basic,foundation,fundamental3.稳定stability十三其它符号-这,现在,现行,当前2.基础3.稳定现行政策本届政府和平与稳定现行政策本届政府和平与稳定≡保障,坚持,维护ensure,guarantee,safeguardinsiston,maintenance千thousand一千onethousand≡保障,坚持,维护千thousand一千onet十四关联词/路标词虽然…但是…因为…所以…不是…而是…不但…而且…十四关联词/路标词虽然…但是…因为…所以…不是…而是…不但ifI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果if,providedthat我相信Ibelieve我希望Ihope我认为Ithink我期待Iexpect我估计IestimateifI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果if,p口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进一、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。一、做口译笔记时的注意事项二、常用速记符号
速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的
二、常用速记符号
速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语笔记符号state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角:人右下角:地方、地名、机构一.图形符号笔记符号state,kingdom,country,ncitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导,监督;顶点,顶级,最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundariescitizen,urbanresidents/inh多国,其他国家othercountries国民经济nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad多国,其他国家othercountries国民经济进口import出口export进出口import&export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinesepeople进口import出口export进出口impor经济实体economicentity金融机构financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人,政府首脑stateleader广场square,plaze经济实体economicentity金融机构fin宏观调控,macro-control首都capitalcity重要
important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence宏观调控,macro-control首都capital3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming
4.精彩
wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,3.主要4.精彩2.杰出5.强调emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant5.强调themostimportant特点,特色,特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof特点,特色,特征2.代表整体,全部,总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.团结,统一,团聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有国家所有人,人民群众整体,全部,总共2.团结,统一,团聚所有国家所有人,人民群主权和领土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting)主权和领土完整⊙会议峰会∞
关联linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流,交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership∞关联2.替代交流,交换2.关系双边关系,bilateralrelationship多边关系,multilateralrelationship举杯,协议toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议,bilateralagreement多边协议,multilateralagreement双边关系,bilateralrelationship多边关⊕发展,develop,development发达的,developed发展中的,developing开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate⊕发展,develop,development发达的,de2.形成,产生,出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.医疗卫生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution2.形成,产生,出现3.医疗卫生禁止,结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路,方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof禁止,结束道路,方法歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困难,挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远
faraway近
near,close歪曲2.困难,挫折远faraway近near,台阶,进步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress过去,历史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上个月lastmonth去年lastyear台阶,进步过去,历史昨天yesterday上个月l前所未有的,unprecedented很久以前,longbefore未来,将要,inthefuture改变,变化
change,transform前所未有的,unprecedented很久以前,longb果实,成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement(使)消失,废除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.
破坏,推翻,剥夺destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,
deprive,
果实,成果(使)消失,废除2.破坏,推翻,剥夺4.倒闭,下岗bankrupt,
layoff,resign,retire5.死亡,已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解决,达到,实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃abandon,desert,discard4.倒闭,下岗5.死亡,已故的6.解决,达到,实现3二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.说tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,开罗宣言,CairoManifesto赞扬speakhighlyof,praise批评criticize众说纷纭,若干说法variousopinions开罗宣言,CairoManifesto赞扬speak改革开放reformandopeningup爱,关心love,concern,careabout吓唬,威胁scare,threaten1.听,listento2.开放,beopento改革开放爱,关心吓唬,威胁1.听,listento:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示,显示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect:看2.想3.揭示,显示←1.来come2.收到receive3.需要,缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀请,应邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.卖sell2.获利makeaprofit←1.来come愿意接受acceptwithp去,到go
引起,导致resultin,leadto1.买buy2.投资invest↑增加;上升;完善;繁荣increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift
soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup去,到go1.买buy↑增加;上升;完善;繁荣↓减少,降低,贬值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很,非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深远的profound,far-reaching↓减少,降低,贬值1.很,非常deeply,very推动,促进,有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻碍,推迟obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback推动,促进,有助于阻碍,推迟↗冲突,矛盾,分歧,争议conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越来越increasing,growing,moreandmore越来越大biggerandbigger越来越多moreandmore↗冲突,矛盾,分歧,争议越来越越来越大bigger压力,影响pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今为止sofar,uptonow,tillnow压力,影响迄今为止…四.标点符号多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持续,继续,一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon…四.标点符号多numerous,countless3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某种程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant3.信息点的弱化4.信息的省略在某种程度上不那么重要﹗1.危险,警告,当心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加强语气:务必,一定,当然sure,certainly,ofcourse老实说,说实在的
tobefrank,totellyouthetruth﹗1.危险,警告,当心2.加强语气:务必,一定,当然老实﹖﹪问题,疑问question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑问句以“?”开头来记录百分比,percent﹖﹪问题,疑问2.所有疑问句以“?”开头来记录百分比,pe“”≪≫
引用(理论,名言等)邓小平理论Dengxiaopingtheories《红楼梦》
ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone书“”≪≫引用(理论,名言等)邓小平理论《红楼梦》书﹙﹚由…组成,包括,容纳contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于记录状语﹙﹚由…组成,包括,容纳〔〕用于记录状语∵∴五.数学符号因为,由于,幸亏because,dueto,thanksto所以,因此,结果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently∵∴五.数学符号因为,由于,幸亏所以,因此,结果是﹢和,另外,多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十anotherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer﹢和,另外,多另外五十anotherfifty五十多÷-=
减去,负增长
minus除了except相同,一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith÷-=减去,负增长除了except相同,一致the≠≈不赞同,不平等,有差距,不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事实notcomplywiththefact大约,大概about,almost,nearly等于说,也就是说thatistosay,inotherwords≠≈不赞同,不平等,有差距,不符合不符合事实大约,大概等于说<>1.大于,超过surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供过于求supplyexceedsdemand过热overheated少于,低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不应求demandexceedssupply<>1.大于,超过2.供过于求supplyexce∑总和sum∈×属于belongto错的,不好的,负面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否决veto∑总和sum∈×属于belongto错的,不好的,√
不称霸notseekhegemony对的,好的,积极的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持,善于,有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.认可,批准endorse,ratify,confirm,approve√不称霸notseekhegemony对的,好的文中立六.中文文化,文学,文明culture,literature,civilization中国People’sRepublicofChina立场,position(一)中文字文中立六.中文文化,文学,文明中国立场,position(力儿大力量,能力,权力power,strength,force,ability,capability儿童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市场,market力儿大力量,能力,权力儿童,childrenbig,(二)偏旁部首学习study,learn家family,home快,迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt(二)偏旁部首学习study,learn家fami组织organize,structure,tissue建设build,construct措施measure饭,食物meal,ricefood餐馆,饭店restaurant组织organize,structure,tissu疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient军事,军队military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health疾病illness,disease,ailment,fu(三)拼音字母感谢thank,appreciate称霸,霸权主义hegemony,seekhegemony贡献contribution腐败corruptionfu(三)拼音字母感谢thank,appreciat﹟七.谐音仅仅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly环境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background﹟七.谐音仅仅notonly环境八化学符号Fe铁ferrum,iron铁路railway八化学符号Fe铁ferrum,iron铁路rai九生物♀
♂
女性woman,female男性man,male九生物♀♂女性woman,female男性m十地图标识学校教育十地图标识学校教育十一英文(一)英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世纪century日子,今天day,today十一英文(一)英文字母bcd但是but,howevefgh经济economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小时,hourefgh经济economy金融fina
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