考研考博-英语-北京农业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京农业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

问题1选项

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕……移动”；C选项observe“观察，遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。

2.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float“漂浮，浮动”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“举起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（创新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（标识）.Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschipswouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.

TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Later,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives.”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.

1.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat（

）.

2.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?

3.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichLaybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat

（

）.

4.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?

5.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket（

）.

问题1选项

A.Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket

B.Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales

C.Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany'spotatochips

D.Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany'spotatochips

问题2选项

A.Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.

B.Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.

C.Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.

D.Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.

问题3选项

A.consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands

B.localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands

C.productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits

D.productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue

问题4选项

A.Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.

B.Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.

C.Tochangethecompany'slongheldmarketingimage.

D.TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.

问题5选项

A.won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople

B.willleadtoeconomicimperialism

C.willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople

D.won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利全球市场主管相信……”。文章第一段提到“薯片是全世界人民的零食”（Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld），“全世界没有任何人能抵挡住薯条的魅力”（thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip），由此可知选项D“全世界人都爱吃他们公司生产的薯条”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第二段，我们可以了解到菲多利……”。文章第二段提到“菲多利是美国最大的零食生产者……但美国的零食市场差不多已经饱和，所以它不得不转向海外市场”（thecompanyhastolookoverseas），由此可知菲多利需要打开全球市场来寻求发展，选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利发展策略依据的假设是……”。文章第三段提到了菲多利的两个信念，一是全球性产品具有地方产品不能与之抗衡的规模经济；一是二十一世纪的消费者为“全球性”所吸引，选项A“全球的消费者为全球品牌所吸引”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“Riskey重新设计将菲多利标识的原因是……”。文章第四段提到“（新设计的标识）能够帮助加速公司的全球扩张”（helpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion），因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“菲多利的主管们称美国食品在国际市场的推广……”。文章最后一段提到将在那些国家生产产品，让产品迎合当地人的口味，雇佣那里的工人，改变他们的生活（We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives），选项C“有利于当地人”符合题意。

4.单选题

Mr.AndMrs.Evansarea______couple.Theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding.

问题1选项

A.amicable

B.congenial

C.captious

D.disputatious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项amicable表示“友好的，友善的”，B项congenial表示“意气相投的，性格相似的”，C项captious表示“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，D项disputatious表示“爱争辩的”。根据后面的句子Theyshareapassionforantiquesandsurfboarding（他们都热爱古董和冲浪）可知，“意气相投的”符合语境。句意：埃文斯夫妇是志趣相投的一对；他们都热爱古董和冲浪。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。indistinctly“朦胧地，不明了地”，不跟of连用；irrelevantly“不相干地（与介词to连用），不切题地”；independently“独立地，自立地”，可与介词of连用；separately“分别地，分离地（与介词from连用），个别地”。根据关键词“inseparableinfact”（实际上不可分割）知空格处应该填写“分开的或独立的”。因此选项C符合题意。

6.问答题

Americanshavealwayshadafascinationwiththeunderworldsocietypopulatedbythose

A

whoopenlyresistedthelawsofdominantsocietyandinsteadcreatingtheirownworld,livingby

B

C

D

theirownrules.

【答案】试题答案：C;created

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句子的and可知连接的是两个并列成分，因此时态形式要保持一致。and前面的resisted为过去式，故creating改为过去式created。

7.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题2选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题3选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题4选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:G

【解析】1.根据SectionA的主要内容，可知该段首先介绍了各种类型的欺凌，然后具体分析了英国小学的欺凌现象，可判断出整个段落的主要内容为：对英国学校欺凌现象的调查。选项Ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且会让经历欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮丧。在极端情况下，它甚至会导致自杀。下文继续提到了受到欺凌的小学生在成年后更容易遇到交际困难。可判断出本段主要提到欺凌对孩子们带来的影响。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知过去学校会否认学校欺凌这个问题，声称学校没有欺凌事件。下文继续提到学校的态度发生了改变，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，许多学校现在承认欺凌现象的出现，并且会有明确的应对措施。可判断出本段主要提到了学校对欺凌事件的态度变化。选项V符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要对学校态度转变的原因进行了解释，此句为中心句。可判断出此段的主要内容为导致学校采取新的应对方法的原因，选项Ⅶ符合题意。

8.单选题

Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.

问题1选项

A.considerable

B.valuable

C.important

D.extensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:considerable“相当大的”；B:valuable“有价值的”；C:important“重要的”；D:extensive“广阔的；广大的”。句意：当ETS的工作人员决定特纳的行动是否合理的时候，当时似乎没有什么后果的事实可能之后会产生很大的意义。本处表示“xxx的意义”，修饰名词significance意义。因此A符合题意。

9.单选题

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmsbangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans______.

5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

问题1选项

A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

C.theattractionoffootball

D.theattractionofbaseball

问题2选项

A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

C.itisnotexcitingenough

D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

问题3选项

A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

问题4选项

A.thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

B.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

C.thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

D.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

问题5选项

A.likesfootball

B.hatesfootball

C.hatesbaseball

D.likesbaseball

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段简述了人们对棒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓；文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了棒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了棒球的魅力“Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic（如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，棒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。）”。可见，本文主要探讨的是棒球的特点及其欣赏，所以D选项“棒球的吸引力”符合题意。A选项“人们对运动的不同品味”不对，虽然第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对棒球的特征及欣赏的讨论；B选项“运动的不同特点”和C选项“足球的吸引力”都不是文章主要表达的内容，故不选。因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“...therearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.（……许多人不喜欢棒球，一提起棒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看棒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么激动人心的事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，缓慢，安静，具有绅士风度。）”由此可知那些不喜欢棒球的人认为这项运动不够刺激，所以C选项“它不够刺激”符合题意。A选项“它只适合老年人的口味”说法错误，文章第一段只提到“Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury（他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味）”，与老年人意味不一样；B选项“它涉及的球员比足球少”文章没有提及；D选项“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑”，这与文章说它gentlemanly（具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢的意思）不一样，故不选。因此C选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.（在电视上，棒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点，因此，电视上的棒球比赛看上去沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾的。）”所以B选项“电视上的棒球比赛很无聊”符合题意。A选项“棒球运动对年轻人来说太平静了”文章没有提及，文章只提到了很多人认为棒球不刺激，并没有说到棒球对年轻人来说太安静了，故A选项不选；C选项“足球比棒球更吸引人”和D选项“棒球比足球更有趣”不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”（但要注意投手每次投球时都会发生什么：三垒手踮起脚尖，弯曲手臂或将手套举到他面前的某个点上，向右或向左、向后或向前跨一步，也许他会扫一眼全场来检查一垒手的位置。假设球场是一个球。“什么都没发生”，你说。“我本来可以闭上眼睛的”）该段整个都在描述棒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。所以文章说到“本来可以闭上眼睛”，所以B选项“即使三垒手刚才闭上眼睛，结果也不会有什么不同”意思与题干相符，A选项“三垒手宁愿睡觉也不愿比赛”；C选项“第三垒手擅长棒球，他可以闭着眼睛完成比赛，并且做得很好”；D选项“结果太糟糕了，他无法忍受看到它”都不符合作者意图，因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了棒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出只有根据棒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到棒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、棒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对棒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱棒球，所以D选项“喜欢棒球”说法正确。A选项“喜欢足球”；B选项“讨厌足球”；C选项“讨厌棒球”都与文章意思不符，因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

问题1选项

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

问题2选项

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

问题3选项

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

问题4选项

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

问题5选项

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段指出有许多因素影响经济功能的实现，第二段讲政府对经济的作用，第三段讲国际情况对经济的影响，第四段讲人们的态度影响经济，第五段讲还有其他影响经济的因素，而这些非常复杂，第六段讲述对于经济发展态势相对应的措施。综上所述，本文讲述的是影响经济运行的因素，A选项“讨论影响经济运行的因素”正确。B选项“探究周期性经济衰退的原因”，C选项“讨论政府在现代工业化社会中扮演的角色”和D选项“为挽救经济衰退提出补救措施”：是文章的部分内容，属于以偏概全。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（机器越大，部件越多，发生故障的可能性就越大，维修成本也就越高。），结合该段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（现代工业国家的经济规模庞大，非常复杂。），可知这里的机器指的是国家经济，B选项“国家经济”正确。A选项“国家的政治制度”，C选项“市场力量”和D选项“国家政府”：不是此处表达的意思，属于偷换概念。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…（所有的法规都会影响企业的经营方式，往往会增加成本，降低利润……例如，汽车尾气排放标准……），可知这个例子是为了证明上面的论点，也就是国家法规可能会提高成本，影响企业的经营方式，C选项“法规可能会增加成本，从而影响企业的经营”正确。B选项“国家政策倾向于降低利润，抑制投资”：国家制定政策的目的不是限制企业的发展，而是为了维护公众的权益，属于偷换概念。A选项“政府干预经济是有害的”：作者没有表明这件事情有害，属于无中生有。D选项“大多数法规并不是为了保护公众”：根据第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.（在大量的规章制度中，大部分是为了保护公众。），可知大多数法规是为了保护公众，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature（恐慌，经济衰退和萧条的原因很复杂），可知这是因为经济衰退的原因太复杂，有众多因素，C选项“因为这背后有太多的原因”正确。A选项“因为没有经济学家无所不知”：根据第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.（例如，造成上世纪30年代大萧条的因素如此之多，以至于没有经济学家能够解释所有这些因素。），这里表达的是原因太多，经济学家不能解释，而不是强调经济学家知道的不多，属于偷换概念。B选项“因为它总是伴随着一段时期的繁荣”：根据第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.（几个世纪以来