考研考博-英语-东北财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

SegregationmadeitdifficultforblackAmericanstobecome（

）intothelargermiddleclasscultureanditsvalues.

问题1选项

A.anticipated

B.indulged

C.transmitted

D.assimilated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilatedinto“融入……”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。

2.单选题

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句意为：该工程师在选择材料时关注它的性能，其决定自身在负载和受限制的情况下将如何表现。根据关键词“theloadsandcondition”可知关系代词“where”不符合，再由subject一般构成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B项“towhich”正确。

3.单选题

Weenjoyedtheholiday（）theexpense.

问题1选项

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.besides

D.inadditionto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A、B、C、D四个选项都有“除……之外”的意思，但C项与D项表示的意思包括“除去的部分”；而A项与B项表示的意思不包括“除去的部分”；所以可以根据题干意思可以排除C、D两个选项。另外由于theholiday与theexpense的主语不是同一个，而except后面接的词应与前面共用主语，所以本题应该选择B项。句意：除费用外，我们都很享受这个假期。

4.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“座谈会’；penalty“惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。

4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。

6.填空题

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文语义。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一个家庭选择哪一个房间并不重要，可知填matter，此句意为：重要的是他们选择在一起。

试题答案：matter

考查介词搭配。from意为“（表示来源）来自……”，learnrightfromwrong意为“明白是非”。

试题答案：from

考查介词搭配。respectfor意为“尊敬，尊重”。

试题答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意为“传下来，传承”。

试题答案：down

考查上下文语义。fromonegenerationtothenext意为“从一代到下一代”。

试题答案：next

考查介词搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意为“关心某事”。

试题答案：about

考查介词搭配。inflicton意为“使……受痛苦”

试题答案：on

考查上下文语义。solveproblems意为“解决问题”。

试题答案：solve

考查上下文语义。curetheseills意为“治疗这些疾病”。此句意为：只有在一个地方，我们才能重获价值和诚信，才能治愈这些弊病。

试题答案：cure

考查介词搭配。turnto意为“转向”

试题答案：to

7.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

问题2选项

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

问题3选项

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

问题4选项

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

问题5选项

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是：下面哪一项适用于美国公司的人力资源管理？根据原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.（技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。）由此可知，C选项“公司认为员工获得技能是他们自己的事”符合原文。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是：在美国公司中人力资源管理主管的地位怎样？根据原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).（人力资源管理主管这一职位通常是一项专门的工作，处于公司等级制度的边缘。持有该职位的主管在重大战略决策上不需要征询他的意见，他也没有机会晋升为首席执行官。）由此可知，美国公司人力资源管理的主管在管理层中是非常没有地位的，在重大决策中是没有发言权的，所以A选项“他在公司里做重要决定时没有发言权”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是：大多数美国公司投入培训的资金主要用于什么？根据文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.（他们投资的资金也更多地集中在专业人员和管理人员身上。）由此可知，D选项“技术和管理人员”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是：保持一个公司竞争优势的决定性因素是什么？文章首段第一句话指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.（如果持续的竞争优势取决于劳动者的技能，那么美国公司就有麻烦了。）而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.（基本技能使得吸收掌握新技术成为可能。）由此可知，D选项“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文，所以正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要谈论如果竞争的优势取决于工人的技术，那么美国的公司就遇到麻烦了。美国公司不正确的人才管理战略，使它们的竞争能力受到了挑战。所以A选项“美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响了它的竞争力”正确。

8.单选题

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

问题1选项

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disturb“打扰，妨碍”；B选项bother“麻烦，打扰”；C选项upset“使心烦，扰乱”；D选项irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：请不要在会议室吸烟，烟熏得我眼睛难受。也就是说眼睛受到了刺激，所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Cannedfoodsare______withhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.

问题1选项

A.usual

B.welcome

C.desirable

D.popular

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项usual“寻常的，通常的”，B项welcome“欢迎的”，C项desirable“令人满意的”，D项popular“流行的，通俗的”。根据句子可知，bepopularwith固定搭配，表示“为……所喜欢，受……欢迎”，故D项符合。句意：罐头食品很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为它需要很少的时间来烹饪。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

（

）onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.

问题1选项

A.Ifwalking

B.Walking

C.Whilewalking

D.Whenoneiswalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。此句中的主句的主语为mountains，所以逻辑主语和主句主语应不同。故排除A、B、C三项。D项正确。句意：当一个人在晴朗的天气散步时，远离城市喧嚣，山脉会给他一种无限感。

11.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated______insteadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.artificially

B.automatically

C.manually

D.synthetically

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.artificially人造地，人为地B.automatically自动地，机械地

C.manually手动地D.synthetically综合地，合成地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据insteadof（而不是）可知，空格处和mechanically（机械地）是相对立的，所以要表示“人工的，手动的”，C项符合。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这艘船的发电机坏了，水泵不得不用人工而不是机械操作。

12.单选题

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

问题1选项

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“传染”；inflammation“发炎”；inflation“膨胀”。句意：根据现代版本的多米诺骨牌效应，一个国家的经济和财政的变化将会影响全球，并对全球资本主义造成严重破坏。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C选项irrelevant“不相干的；不切题的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残废的”。句意：这位法官判定这一证据是不予采纳的，理由是它与手头的案件是不相干的。C选项正确。

14.单选题

Weshould（

）ourhumanandmaterialresourcesifwearetosucceedinthejointventure.

问题1选项

A.pour

B.plunge

C.pool

D.pick

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果我们想要办成合资企业的话，就应该集中我们的人力和物力资源。

考查动词辨析。pour使(液体)连续流出，倾倒，倒出倾泻；plunge使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool共用，聚拢（资金、知识、设备等）；pick拾取，精选，采摘。因此C符合句意。

15.单选题

NewresearchbyHillaryPennellandElizabethBehm-MorawitzattheUniversityofMissourisuggeststhat,atleastforwomen,theinfluenceofsuperheroesisnotalwayspositive.Althoughwomenplayavarietyofrolesinthesuperherogenre,includinghelplessmaidenandpowerfulheroine,thefemalecharactersalltendtobehypersexualized,fromtheirperfect,seducingfigurestotheirsexy,revealingcostumes.Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.

Consider,forexample,superheromovieslikeSpider-manorSuperman.Theseaction-packedfilmstypicallyfeatureastrong,capable,intelligentmanfightingavillainousforce.Thegoalofcourseistosavehumanity,butmoreoftenthannotthereisalsoanimmediateneedtorescueafairladyindistress.Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.Itisnotsurprising(orinsignificant)thatsheisoftentheobjectofthehero’saffections.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzarguedthatexposuretothesestereotypicfemalevictims,whoseprimaryappealissexual,maylowerwomen’sbodyesteem,heightenthevaluetheyplaceonbodyimage,andresultinlessequalgenderrolebeliefsandexpectations.However,femalecharactershavecomealongwayinthesuperherogenre,andit’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.

TheX-Menfilms,forexample,featureanumberofempoweringfemalecharacterslikeStorm,JeanGray,andDazzler,eachofwhomwieldsauniquespecialabilityanddisplaysimpressivecognitiveandphysicalcompetence.Perhapsexposuretothisnewgenerationoffemaleheroineswillresultinmoreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.

Still,today’ssuperheroines,liketheirfemalevictimcounterparts,areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures,withlargechests,curvybacksidesandunattainablehourglassdimensions.Theirskin-tightoutfitsunderlinetheirsexualitywithplungingnecklinesandbareskin,andmanyoftheirnames(e.g.,Risque,Mystique,RubySummers)connote,shallwesay,aslightlylessrespectableprofessionthansuperheroine.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzthusspeculatedthatwhiletoday’spowerfulsuperheroinesmightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles,theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification.

1.What’stheimpliedmeaningofthefirstparagraph?

2.Femalevictimsinsuperheromoviestendtobe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofstereotypicfemalevictimscanbeimprovedby

（

）.

4.ThefilmaudienceinParagraph4willmostprobablysupporttheideathat

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?

6.WhatisHilaryPennellandElizabethBehm-Morawitzattitudetowardstoday’ssuperheroines?

问题1选项

A.Womenareeitherhelplessorpowerfulinsuperheromovies.

B.Superheromoviesdefinitelyinspirewomentobecomestronger.

C.Femalecharactersareextremelysexyandappealinginsuperheromovies.

D.Superheromoviesmakewomenobjectifythemselvesandquestiontheirbodyshapes.

问题2选项

A.formidableandquick-witted

B.sophisticatedandintimidating

C.pretentiousandloathsome

D.amiableandseductively-shaped

问题3选项

A.showingmorecompetentandheroicfemalecharacters

B.distinguishingthemfromthesuperheroines

C.turningthemintocapableandpowerfulsuperheroines

D.strengtheningtheirimageasinnocentandalluringmaidens

问题4选项

A.menandwomenareequal

B.specialabilitiesareunrealisticforfemales

C.womenshouldalwaysbeonadiettostayingoodshape

D.theimportanceofastrongbodyshouldbedownplayedcomparedwiththatofappearance

问题5选项

A.Femalerolesaredressedinrevealingandinvitingcostumes.

B.Leadingfemalerolesarestillstereotypedbyalluringbodies.

C.Manyofthesuperheroines’namesarerelatedwithundignifiedjobs.

D.Sexymaidensremainthetypicalimageoffemalevictimsinmovies.

问题6选项

A.Affectionate.

B.Respectful.

C.Objective.

D.Opposed.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.(超级英雄电影会让妇女质疑自己的性别角色、对身体的自尊，将自己降格为物件。)”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.(超级电影中的女性受害者常常被刻画成柔弱、单纯、无助，然而又楚楚动人的形象。她们不强壮、不狡猾，于是用善良和身体的曲线来弥补。)”,即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“it’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.(柔弱的女性角色可以通过刻画能干的、善于发号施令的女性超级英雄来改善。)”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据“…moreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.(新一代的女性英雄形象会带来更为平等的性别观念，增强对身体的自尊，更关注身体能力而不是长相。)”即可得出本题答案。

5.段落大意题。根据“areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures(都是虚构的，都是情色化的女性人物。)”,即可得出本题答案。

6.观点态度题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“mightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles(可能会提升对性别角色的平等信念)”“theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification(他们的性化本质可能同时对身体形象和自我客观化产生破坏性的影响)”，可知他们的态度是比较客观的。从而得出本题答案。

16.单选题

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项ignorance“无知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽视”；B选项bias“偏见，偏爱，斜纹”；C选项focus“焦点，中心，清晰；焦距”；D选项emphasis“重点，强调，加强语气”。句意：使我吃惊的是她对任何人都漠不关心。Disregard“忽视，无视，不尊重”，A选项与该词词义最相近，因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

问题1选项

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使发狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate报复;disservice伤害,虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一,他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。

18.单选题

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

问题1选项

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

问题2选项

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

问题3选项

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

问题4选项

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

问题5选项

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根据这篇文章，除了______，土豆成为爱尔兰人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含营养

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易种植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易获得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤适合种土豆

【答案】D

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“在爱尔兰，土豆一直是大部分农村人口的主要食物。马铃薯营养丰富，易于种植和收获。”可知，土豆成为爱尔兰人的主食的原因包括营养丰富，易于种植以及容易获得收成，