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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海旅游高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof(1)anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman
(2)
inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave
(3)
himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many
(4)
judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis
(5)
oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand
(6)
allhisbooksaboutDublin.
WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he
(7)
languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He
(8)
totakepartinthenationalist
(9)
likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame
(10)
interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken
(11)
ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe
(12).
Whenhegraduatedin1902,he
(13)
hewouldbecomeawriterandan
(14)
,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone
(15)
theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting
(16)
,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,
(17)
thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall
(18)
tobecomeinvolvedinpopular
(19)
orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin
(20)
andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.
问题1选项
A.investigating
B.constructing
C.depicting
D.experiencing
问题2选项
A.nature
B.method
C.surrounding
D.figure
问题3选项
A.performed
B.magnified
C.exaggerated
D.made
问题4选项
A.wearing
B.worn
C.critics
D.takingoff
问题5选项
A.mastery
B.acquisition
C.familiarity
D.acquaintance
问题6选项
A.unscripted
B.illuminated
C.documented
D.wrote
问题7选项
A.attempted
B.persuaded
C.studied
D.undertook
问题8选项
A.accepted
B.refused
C.persevered
D.admitted
问题9选项
A.movement
B.revolution
C.campaign
D.challenge
问题10选项
A.passionately
B.addicted
C.fascinated
D.unconcerned
问题11选项
A.journals
B.articles
C.argumentations
D.paintings
问题12选项
A.primary
B.artificial
C.rendered
D.original
问题13选项
A.sensed
B.knew
C.presented
D.suggested
问题14选项
A.exile
B.imprisonment
C.obtrude
D.expire
问题15选项
A.without
B.withstand
C.withdraw
D.withhold
问题16选项
A.mutably
B.truthfully
C.ephemerally
D.filially
问题17选项
A.about
B.hither
C.within
D.beneath
问题18选项
A.tabernacles
B.reiteration
C.temptations
D.reimbursement
问题19选项
A.recognition
B.publication
C.impact
D.opinion
问题20选项
A.tranquility
B.poverty
C.exhilaration
D.matriculation
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:D
第7题:C
第8题:B
第9题:A
第10题:A
第11题:B
第12题:D
第13题:B
第14题:A
第15题:A
第16题:B
第17题:A
第18题:C
第19题:D
第20题:B
【解析】(1)考查动词词义辨析。investigate“调查;研究”;construct“建造,创立”;depict“描述”;experience“经验;体验”。由anIrishnovelist与anovel可知B项符合语义。答案B。
(2)考查名词词义辨析。nature“性质”;method“方法”;surrounding“环境”;figure“数字”。由portrayal及human可知这里指代人物本性。答案A。
(3)考查动词词义辨析。perform“执行”;magnify“放大”;exaggerate“使扩大;使增大”;make“制造;形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案为D。
(4)考查动词及名词词义辨析。wearing“穿着”;worn“疲倦的;用旧的”;critics“评论家;吹毛求疵的人”;takingoff“测量;减退”。由judge可知C项符合题意,答案C。
(5)考查名词词义辨析。mastery“掌握”;acquisition“获得”;familiarity“熟悉”;acquaintance“熟人;知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A项正确,答案A。
(6)考查动词词义辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”;illuminate“阐明;照亮”;document“用文件证明”;
write“书写;写信给”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D项正确,答案D。
(7)考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图,尝试”;persuade“说服;劝说”;study“学习;细察”;undertake“承担;从事”。由“inDublinCollege及“languages可知C项正确。答案C。
(8)考查动词词义辨析。accept“接受;容纳”;refuse“拒绝;抵制”;persevere“坚持;不屈不挠”;admit“承认;准许进入”。由“but”可知这里指代“拒绝参加”。答案B。
(9)考查固定搭配。movement“运动;运转”;revolution“革命;运行”;campaign“运动”;challenge“挑战;怀疑”。由历史常识“爱尔兰有反对英国统治的民族主义运动历史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A项符合题意。答案A。
(10)考查副词及形容词词义辨析。passionately“热情地;激昂地”;addicted“沉溺于”;fascinated“着迷的”;unconcerned“不关心的;无忧虑的”。interestedinliterature中interested为形容词,需用一个副词来修饰interested,A项符合题意。答案A。
(11)考查名词词义辨析。journal“日报,日记”;article“文章;条款”;argumentation“论证;辩论”;painting“绘画”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B项符合题意。答案B。
(12)考查形容词词义辨析。primary“主要的;基本的”;artificial“仿造的”;rendered“已渲染的”;original“原始的;新颖的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知这里指代“阅读易卜生用挪威语写的原著”,故答案D。
(13)考查动词词义辨析。sense感觉到;know“知道”;present“提出;呈现;赠送”;suggest“提议;暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B项符合题意,答案B。
(14)考查动词及名词词义辨析。exile“流放,离乡背井者”;imprisonment“监禁;坐牢”;obtrude“逼使;强迫”;expire“呼出(气体),排出”。由awriter可知这里应填名词,由此排除C项与D项;再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在国外”知“离乡背井者”符合,故答案A。
(15)考查介词及动词词义辨析。without“没有”;withstand“抵挡;反抗”;withdraw“撤退;撤销”;withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”与“theother”分别指代一种身份知空格处应填一个表示“没有”意思的介词,故本题答案选项为A。
(16)考查副词词义辨析。mutably“无常地”;truthfully“诚实地”;ephemerally“短暂地”;filially“孝顺地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“诚实地”符合题意,答案B。
(17)考查介词和副词词义辨析。about关于;大约”;hither“到这里;在这里”;within“在······之内”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本题答案为A。
(18)考查名词词义辨析。tabernacle“临时房屋;神龛”;reiteration“重复;重说”;temptation“引诱;诱惑物”;reimbursement“退还;赔偿”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular(
)orpubliclife可知本题答案C。
(19)考查名词词义辨析。recognition“承认,认出;公认”;publication“出版;出版物”;impact“影响”;opinion“意见,观点”。由orpubliclife可知D项正确,答案D。
(20)考查名词词义辨析。tranquility“宁静;平静”;poverty“贫穷;困难”;exhilaration“兴奋;欢欣”;matriculation“入学考试;录取入学”。由obscurity可知本题答案为B。
2.单选题
Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it(),wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.
问题1选项
A.wasturnedout
B.turnedout
C.beingturnedout
D.wasbeingturnedout
【答案】B
【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是,战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。
语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时,固定搭配turnout“结果(证明)是”用主动语态即可。
3.单选题
()theassignmentsareturnedin
beforetheendofthisweek.
问题1选项
A.Seeitthat
B.Makeitsurethat
C.Assurethat
D.Seethat
【答案】D
【解析】句意:务必在本周末之前交作业。seethat指务必,
保证。选项A,B中it多余,assure的主语一般是人,
用法为sb.assurethat...,
所以只有选项D正确。
4.单选题
Glassthathasbeentemperedmaybeupto().
问题1选项
A.fivetimesashardasordinaryglass
B.ashardasordinaryglassfivetimes
C.hardasordinaryglassasfivetimes
D.asfivetimeshardordinaryglass
【答案】A
【解析】语法题。考查倍数表达:倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。句意:钢化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A项正确。
5.填空题
How(
)doyoutraveltoShanghaionbusiness?
【答案】ofen。
【解析】常用语。Howofen多久一次。
6.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish
科学实验的重要性
现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年,死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人,他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个,这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端,让两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地,从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明,亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神,导致了现代科学的伟大发现。
【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments
TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.
7.单选题
Theteacher’spridewasdistraughtwhenhediscoveredthathalfhisclasshad(
)theexam.
问题1选项
A.reassessed
B.disdained
C.flunked
D.redeemed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reassessed对······再评价;disdained鄙视,蔑视;flunked放弃,失败;redeemed赎回,恢复。句意:当老师发现他班上有一半的学生放弃了考试的时候,他的自尊心受到严重打击。由前后语义可知空格处所填单词为贬义词,与考试搭配的最合适的选项是C项。
8.单选题
Ifyou(
)yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.
问题1选项
A.conduct
B.dismiss
C.grant
D.moderate
【答案】B
【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”;B选项dismiss“解散,解雇;不予理会,不予考虑”;C选项grant“授予”;D选项moderate“节制,减轻”。句意:如果你不考虑自己的需求,你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。
9.单选题
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?
Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet(棘皮动物的管足),underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.
Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-colorandearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.
Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.
Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfwhenitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.
1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses().
2.Accordingtothepassage,theshapeofseacucumbersisimportantbecause().
3.Thefourthparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscuses().
4.Ofallthefeaturesoftheseacucumber,whichofthefollowingseemstofascinatetheauthormost?
5.Comparedwithotherseacreaturestheseacucumberisvery().
问题1选项
A.thereasonfortheseacucumber’sname
B.whatmakestheseacucumberunusual
C.howtoidentifytheseacucumber
D.placeswheretheseacucumbercanbe
问题2选项
A.itshelpsthemtodigesttheirfood
B.ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger
C.itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud
D.itmakesthemattractivetofish
问题3选项
A.thereproductionofseacucumbers
B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers
C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers
D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence
问题4选项
A.Whatitdoeswhenthreatened
B.Whereitlives
C.Howithidesfrompredators
D.Whatiteats
问题5选项
A.dangerous
B.intelligent
C.fat
D.strange
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句说到Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.(海洋里没有比普通海参更奇怪的生物。),而文章的其余部分都是围绕这句话展开,介绍了海参的种种奇特之处。所以B选项“什么让海参与众不同”符合文章的中心主旨。A选项“海参得名的原因”,C选项“如何识别海参”和D选项“海参可能在的地方”文中均没有提及,所以A,C,D不正确。
2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“shape”可以定位到文章第三段最后一句thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents(这种形状,再加上柔韧性,使它们能够挤进裂缝中,在那里它们可以免受捕食者和洋流的伤害。),说明海参的形状能使它们躲避捕食者和洋流的伤害,所以B选项“帮助它们保护自己免受危险”正确。A选项“帮助它们消化食物”,C选项“使它们更容易在泥中移动”和D选项“使它们对鱼有吸引力”在文中均没有提及,所以A,C,D错误。
3.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到第四段,第四段第一句说到Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods(虽然海参食欲旺盛,昼夜不停地进食,但它们有能力静止不动,以低代谢率的方式生活——很少进食或长期不进食。),可以得知第四段说的是海参的进食习惯,所以C选项“海参的进食习惯”符合第四段的中心主旨。A选项“海参的繁殖”,B选项“海参的食物来源”和D选项“对海参生存的威胁”在第四段中均没有提及,所以A,B,D错误。
4.观点态度题。由题干关键词“fascinatetheauthormost”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.(但海参最引人注目的是它的自卫方式。),说明作者认为海参最吸引人的地方在于它遇到威胁时的自卫方式,所以A选项“它受到威胁时的做法”正确。B选项“它住在哪里”,C选项“它是如何躲避捕食者的”和D选项“它吃什么”虽然文章中有介绍,但都不是吸引作者的地方,所以B,C,D错误。
5.客观细节题。由题干关键词“seacreatures”可以定位到第一段第一句Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.(海洋里没有比普通海参更奇怪的生物。),说明比起其他海洋生物,海参非常奇怪,所以D选项“奇怪”正确。A选项“危险”,B选项“聪明”和C选项“肥胖”在文中均没有提及,所以A,B,C错误。
10.单选题
IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould(
)it.
问题1选项
A.lookoutfor
B.lookinto
C.lookthrough
D.lookover
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“留心,提防”;B选项“调查,观察,考虑”;C选项“浏览,温习”;D选项“检查,原谅”。句意:我向销售经理提出一个建议,他说他将()。这里提出建议,经理肯定是要经过思考看是否可行的,所以答案选B。
11.单选题
Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped()inChicagoandNewYorkCity.
问题1选项
A.homogeneously
B.simultaneously
C.spontaneously
D.harmoniously
【答案】B
【解析】homogeneously均匀地;simultaneously同时地,同步地;spontaneously自发地;harmoniously和谐地。句意为,在过去的十年里,摩天大楼在纽约和芝加哥同步发展起来了。
12.单选题
Peoplewantactiononnoise,arecentpublicmeetinginBrisbaneshowed.Somewanttechnicalimprovementssuchasquieterairconditionersorbettersoundbarriersaroundmajorroads.Otherswanttougherlawstorestrictnoisefrombuildingsitesortorequireownerstotakeresponsibilityforbarkingdogs.Butthehighestprioritywasanoisecomplaintssystemthatworks.
BrisbaneCityCouncilreceivesmorecomplaintsaboutnoisethanallotherproblemsputtogether.Soitconductedasurveyandfoundthatabouthalfitsresidentsareupsetbynoiseinoneformoranother—traffic,mowers,poolpumps,airconditionersorloudparties.ThisinspiredtheCounciltobringtogethermorethan100citizensoneeveningtotalkthrougharangeofoptions.
Themeetingfoundthepresentregulatorysystembizarre.Dependingontheproblem,responsibilityfornoisecanliewiththeCouncil,theEnvironmentProtectionAuthority,oneofthreegovernmentdepartmentsoreventhepolice.Socomplainantsoftenfeeltheyaregettingtherun-round.Whenthepeopleattheforumwereaskedtovoteforchanges,thestrongestresponsewasfora24-hour,noisehotlinetobethefirstportofcallforallcomplaints.
Theforumalsofavoredregulatorymeasures,suchastougherminimumstandardsfornoiseinapplianceslikeairconditioners.Thisevenmakeseconomicsense,asnoiseisawasteofenergy—andmoney.Othermeasuresthemeetingsupportedwerewiderbufferzonesaroundnoisyactivitiesandcontrolstokeepheavytrafficawayfromresidentialareas.
Butthereareobviousconflicts.Manypeopleliketohaveabarwithinwalkingdistanceiftheyfeellikeadrink,buttheydon’twantanoisypubkeepingthemawakewhentheywantanearlynight.Mostpeoplewanttolivenearamajorroadprovidinggoodaccesstootherpartsofthecity,buttheydon’twanttheproblemofroadnoise.
Iwasmostinterestedbytheproposalsaimedatbehavioralchange.Therewasstrongsupportformeasurestoreducetraffic:betterpublictransport,cyclewaysandfootpaths,evenchargesforroaduse.Manypeopleoptimisticallythoughtindustryawardsforbetterequipmentwouldstimulatetheproductionofquieterappliances.ItwasevensuggestedthatnoisefrombuildingsitescouldbealleviatedifBrisbaneadopteddaylightsaving,thusshiftingtheworkingdayandprovidinglonger,quieterevenings.
51.IntherecentpublicmeetinginBrisbane,peopleshowedgreatestdissatisfactionwith______.
52.Bysayingthatthecomplainantsfeelthat“theyaregettingtherun-round”,theauthormeans______.
53.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresismentionedasnotonlybeneficialenvironmentallybutalsoeconomically?
54.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardstheindustryawardsforquieterequipment?
55.Thepassagepointsoutdaylightsavingcouldbeadoptedinorderto______.
问题1选项
A.thetechnicalflawsoftheairconditioners
B.thepoornoisebarriersaroundmajorroads
C.theinefficientsystemfornoisecomplaints
D.thelateworkingtimeofthebuildingsites
问题2选项
A.thecomplainantsareunfairlytreatedbythegovernmentdepartments
B.thegovernmentdepartmentsseldomrespondtothecomplaints
C.itisinexplicitwhichdepartmentisresponsibleforthecomplaints
D.complaintswillbetreatedonlyafterbeingapprovedbyallthreedepartments
问题3选项
A.Enforcingstricternoisecontrolonelectricalapparatus.
B.Prohibitingheavytrafficfromenteringresidentialareas.
C.Launchinga24-hournoisehotline.
D.Increasingthechargesforroaduse.
问题4选项
A.Skeptical.
B.Disappointed.
C.Concerned.
D.Optimistic.
问题5选项
A.prolongthedaytime
B.advancetheworkingtime
C.shortentheworkingtime
D.savetimeandenergy
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】51.【选项释义】
51.IntherecentpublicmeetinginBrisbane,peopleshowedgreatestdissatisfactionwith______.51.在最近布里斯班的公开会议上,人们对______表现出了最大的不满。
A.thetechnicalflawsoftheairconditionersA.空调的技术缺陷
B.thepoornoisebarriersaroundmajorroadsB.主要道路周围的隔音屏障差
C.theinefficientsystemfornoisecomplaintsC.处理噪音投诉的低效系统
D.thelateworkingtimeofthebuildingsitesD.建筑工地的加班时间
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第一段,该段提到:有些人要求技术上的改进,如更安静的空调或主要道路周边更好的音障。另一些人则要求更严厉的法律来限制来自建筑工地的噪音或者让狗主人对吠叫的狗承担责任。但最为优先的则是一个行之有效的噪音投诉体系(Butthehighestprioritywasanoisecomplaintssystemthatworks.)。从中可知,在最近布里斯班的公开会议上,人们对噪音表示不满,其中包括空调缺陷、主要道路缺少音障、建筑工地噪音以及狗吠声,但最主要的还是缺少一个高效的噪音投诉系统。因此,该题选择C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“空调的技术缺陷”、B选项“主要道路周围的隔音屏障差”和D选项“建筑工地的加班时间”都不是最主要的方面,属于本末倒置。
52.【选项释义】
52.Bysayingthatthecomplainantsfeelthat“theyaregettingtherun-round”,theauthormeans______.52.作者说,投诉者觉得“他们被搪塞了”,意思是______。
A.thecomplainantsareunfairlytreatedbythegovernmentdepartmentsA.投诉者受到上级部门的不公平对待
B.thegovernmentdepartmentsseldomrespondtothecomplaintsB.部门很少对投诉做出反应
C.itisinexplicitwhichdepartmentisresponsibleforthecomplaintsC.投诉该由哪个部门负责没有明确说明
D.complaintswillbetreatedonlyafterbeingapprovedbyallthreedepartmentsD.投诉只有在得到所有三个部门的批准后才会被处理
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第三句,从so可以知道,该句与上一句密切相关,第二句提到“依照具体问题,针对噪音的职责可以归议会、三个政府部门之一的环保部门或甚至是警察”,从中可推断,投诉者觉得“他们被搪塞了”的原因是政机构对噪音问题的权责不清,使人们不知道该往哪个部门投诉,故C项正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“投诉者受到上级部门的不公平对待”、B选项“部门很少对投诉做出反应”和D选项“投诉只有在得到所有三个部门的批准后才会被处理”都没提及,无中生有。
53.【选项释义】
53.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresismentionedasnotonlybeneficialenvironmentallybutalsoeconomically?53.下列哪项措施不仅对环境有利,而且对经济有利?
A.Enforcingstricternoisecontrolonelectricalapparatus.A.加强对电器的噪音控制。
B.Prohibitingheavytrafficfromenteringresidentialareas.B.禁止车辆进入居民区。
C.Launchinga24-hournoisehotline.C.开通24小时噪音热线。
D.Increasingthechargesforroaduse.D.提高道路使用费。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第四段第一句“会议还通过了规范性的措施,如对空调等家电实施更严格的最低噪音标准”,以及第二句“这甚至(even)在经济上是有意义的,因为噪音是一种能源和金钱的浪费”,综合理解,从even可知,对家电等电器实施严格的噪音控制不仅可以产生环保效益,还可以产生经济效益。因此,该题选择A项。
【干扰项排除】B选项“禁止车辆进入居民区”、C选项“开通24小时噪音热线”和D选项“提高道路使用费”在原文中并未表明它们与经济有关系,属于曲解原文。
54.【选项释义】
54.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardstheindustryawardsforquieterequipment?54.作者对更安静的设备的行业奖励持什么态度?
A.Skeptical.A.怀疑的。
B.Disappointed.B.失望的。
C.Concerned.C.关心的。
D.Optimistic.D.乐观的。
【考查点】观点态度题。
【解题思路】在末段首句,作者指出对一些旨在改变人们行为的提议感到interested,接着举了一些例子,其中包括对生产更安静设备的行业实行行业奖励;由此可见,作者对行业奖励是感兴趣的,C选项“关心的”与之意思相近。故该题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“怀疑的”和B选项“失望的”反向干扰;
D选项“乐观的”混淆了作者的态度和其他一些人的态度,张冠李戴。
55.【选项释义】
55.Thepassagepointsoutdaylightsavingcouldbeadoptedinorderto______.55.这篇文章指出,为了______,可以采用夏令时。
A.prolongthedaytimeA.延长白天
B.advancetheworkingtimeB.提前工作时间
C.shortentheworkingtimeC.缩短工作时间
D.savetimeandenergyD.节省时间和精力
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据daylightsaving定位文章最后一句“有人甚至建议,如果布里斯班采用夏令时,从而改变工作时间(thusshiftingtheworkingday),提供更长的、更安静的晚上(providinglonger,quieterevenings),建筑工地的噪音就可以得到缓解”,thus后的shifting表明采用夏令时可以改变工作时间,而且采用夏令时的另一个结果是providinglonger,quieterevenings(提供更长的、更安静的晚上);综合理解,可以推断采用夏令时的目的是将上班时间提前,这样就可以提早下班而没有改变工作时间的长度,晚上建筑工地不工作,噪音自然减少了。由此可见,B项正确。
【干扰项排除】A选项“延长白天”、C选项“缩短工作时间”和D选项“节省时间和精力”对原文解析不正确,属于曲解原文。
13.单选题
Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.
问题1选项
A.which
B.where
C.with
D.inwhich
【答案】D
【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意:那位农民用木头盖了一所房子,用来储存粮食。横线前面部分是完整的主谓宾结构,横线到句尾要么是短语要么是从句,根据语境,后面部分还原成tostoregraininahouse,强调在房子里面储存粮食,D选项inwhich是修饰storegrain的状语,A选项which不能作状语;B选项where虽然也可以作状语,但是指在建造房子的整个地方,而不是房子里面;C选项with后面接介词to语法错误。因此D选项正确。
14.单选题
Sleeprestoresthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgettherecommendedeighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep,nearlyanhourandahalflessthanwhattheaveragepersonreceivedacenturyago.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheprevalenceandseverityofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklongshifts,orsufferfrominsomnia(失眠)orjetlag.Othersaredeprivedofsleepbecausetheyworktoohard,stayouttoolate,ortrytodotoomanythingsinaday.Adultswhoregularlysleepsixhoursorlessmightthinktheyaccomplishmorebystayinguplate,buttheypayforitthenextdaywhentheyfeelsleepyorirritableorareunabletoconcentrate,rememberthings,orbeveryeffectiveattheirwork.
Studiesshowthatthebrainisadverselyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjectswhousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinahospitalsleeplaboratoryduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveralcognitivetasks,suchasarithmeticandwordproblems,whileundergoingmagneticresonance(共振)scansoftheirbrainactivity.Thescansrecordedeachsubject’sbrainactivityfromarestedstatethroughvariousstagesofsleepdeprivationoverthe35-hourperiod.Thescansproducedimagesshowingincreasedactivityinsomeregionsofthebrainanddecreasedactivityinothers.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobeofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactivatedduringverbaltasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsleep-deprivedsubjects.Whensubjectswerefullyrested,theirmagneticresonancescansshowedthatthetemporallobewasveryactive.However,afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Theeffectsoftheinactivityincludedslurredspeechinthesubjectswhohadgoneforprolongedperiodswithnosleep.
Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepanightcanimpairshort-termmemory,coordination,reactiontime,andjudgment—thusposingaseriousriskofaccidentorinjury.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadsomeofthesamehazardouseffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17to19hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.05percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Thestudyalsofoundthat16to60percentofroadaccidentsinvolvedsleepdeprivation.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.
Thereareotherproblemsassociatedwithsleepdeprivationbeyondimpairedmotorskillsandjudgment.Driverswhogettoolittlesleepmayhavehigherlevelsofstress,anxietyanddepression,maytakeunnecessaryrisks,ormayexpressragetowardotherdrivers.Thesedangersaffectnotonlydriversbutalsopeoplewhoworklongshiftsornightshifts,suchasmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers.Thedangersofsleepdeprivationgofarbeyondtheobviousrisksandcan,infact,undermineallareasofanindividual’sphysicalandmentalhealth.
6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?
7.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.
8.ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_____.
9.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdidresearcherslearnaboutsubjectswhohadgoneseveralhourswithoutsleep?
10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatmedicalpersonnelandotheremergencyworkers____.
问题1选项
A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.
B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshavenotstudiedtheconsequencesofsleepdeprivation.
C.Sleepdeprivationusedtoaffectonlycertainprofessions,butnowitoccursinallsectorsoftheworkingpopulation.
D.Healthprofessionalshavejuststartedtounderstandthatsleepdeprivationinworkersisaseriousproblem.
问题2选项
A.jetlag
B.longworkhours
C.boringwork
D.workingatnight
问题3选项
A.howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleep
B.howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterrupted
C.thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccurduringsleep
D.theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity
问题4选项
A.Thesubjectswereunabletocompletesimplewordproblems.
B.Thesubjectshadnoactivityinpartofthebrainduringverbaltasks.
C.Thesubjectscouldsolvesomecognitivetasksbetterthanothers.
D.Thesubjectsfeltterribleandexpressedangerintheirspeech.
问题5选项
A.areatriskforexperiencinganxietyanddepression
B.aremorelikelythandriverstobedeprivedofsleep
C.arenotawarethattheymaysufferfromsleepdeprivation
D.arerarelyabletofindjobswithdaytimehours
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】6.【选项释义】
6.WhichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinParagraph1?6.下面哪个句子最好地表达了第1段中突出显示的句子中的重要信息?
A.Acenturyago,healthprofessionalsdidnotexperiencesleepdeprivation;however,nowitisapartoftheirjobs.A.一个世纪以前,卫生专业人员没有睡眠不足的经历;然而,现在这是他们工作的一部分。
B.Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyhealthprofessionalshav
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