考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictoravoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalways,clear,either,whatsortofconditionsmakepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeoplewhohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

1.Thepassagemightbetakenfrom______.

2.Thewriterindicatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafactorofaccidents?

4.“Accident-prone”(Para2)probablymeans______.

5.Whichoffollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.atextbook

B.asciencefiction

C.apopularmagazine

D.anannualreportofacompany

问题2选项

A.Britishpeopleareoftenabsentminded.

B.doctorsshouldworkinfactoriestoavoidaccidents.

C.driversarethefactorleadingtoroadaccidents.

D.therearealwayssomepeoplewhofailtoobserveregulations.

问题3选项

A.anxiety

B.tiredness

C.badweather

D.carelessness

问题4选项

A.liabletohaveaccidents

B.likelytobekilledinaccidents

C.responsibleforroadaccidents

D.possibletoavoidaccidents

问题5选项

A.CausesofAccidents

B.PreventionofAccidents

C.ResultsofAccidents

D.AccidentsandAnxiety

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要讲述的是事故发生的人为原因，第一段点明主题Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.（事故是人为造成的，不是自然发生的）；第二段和第三段讲交通事故发生的人为原因；第四段进一步分析举例论证事故发生的人为因素。这样的文章结构相比较而言更可能出现在教科书上，A项“一本教科书”正确；事故的原因不可能会出现在B项“一本科幻小说”、C项“一本受欢迎的杂志”或者D项“一份公司年度报告”中。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“作者指出……”。根据第四段中的Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.（例如，法律要求所有工厂采取安全预防措施，大多数公司都有安全委员会以确保这些规定得到遵守，但是，在英国每天仍然有大约5万名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A项“英国人经常心不在焉”和D项“总有一些人不遵守规章制度”与文章不符；B项“医生应该在工厂工作以避免事故”没有提到；根据第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，C项“司机是导致交通事故的因素”表述无误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一个选项没有被提到是导致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句话指出Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.（但往往是一连串的事件导致了不幸—沮丧、疲劳或只是坏脾气—事故其实是对自己的一种攻击。）可知，A项“焦虑”和B项“疲惫”正确；根据第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（这些数据表明，大多数事故都是由于普通司机一时的粗心大意造成的）可知，D项“粗心大意”也正确；只有C项“天气不好”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根据第二段Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.（例如，交通事故经常发生在家庭争吵之后，我们都知道那些accident-prone的人，他们经常与自己和世界发生冲突，以至于他们似乎给自己或他人造成了事故。），结合语境可以推测，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易发生事故的”，A项“容易发生事故”正确；B项“可能在事故中死亡”、C项“对交通事故负责”和D项“可能避免事故”都不对。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“下列哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？”。整篇文章通篇讲述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A项“事故的原因”最符合；B项“预防交通事故”、C项“事故的结果”和D项“事故和焦虑”概括都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Thetraincametoa/an（

）stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.

问题1选项

A.hasty

B.incidental

C.swift

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B选项incidental“偶然的”；C选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D选项abrupt“突然的”。

句意：火车突然停了下来，许多乘客从座位上摔了下来。选项D更符合语境。

3.单选题

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere（

）.

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofsciencefictionfilmsmadebetween1970and1977was

（

）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywas2001successful?

4.Whatdoestheauthormostobjecttointhesciencefictionmoviesofthe1970s?

问题1选项

A.betterthan2001:ASpaceOdyssey

B.Notasgoodas2001:ASpaceOdyssey

C.almostthesameasStarWars

D.betterthanStarWars

问题2选项

A.spacetravel

B.lifeonotherplanets

C.ecologicalproblemsonearth

D.warsbetweentheearthandotherplanets

问题3选项

A.Becauseitsbudgetwaslarge.

B.Becauseitscameraworkandmusicalscorewereblendedartistically.

C.Becauseitsplotwasrepetitive.

D.Becauseitssymbolismwasverygood.

问题4选项

A.Heobjectstotheircamerawork.

B.Hedoesnotliketheirmusic.

C.Hebelievesthattheirstoriesaretoomuchalike.

D.Hecriticizestheirspecialeffects.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，大部分70年代上映的科幻电影……”。文章第一段第一句提到“不幸的是20世纪70年代大大部分科幻电影很少受《2001太空漫游》的影响”（Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey）；第一段最后一句提到“在接下来的十年里，所有上映的科幻电影都被拿来与2001做比较，但是除了少数几部电影外，其他的都不怎么样”（Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking），由此可知，其他的电影不如2001:ASpaceOdyssey，选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“大部分1979年到1977年间的科幻电影主题是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“在《2001太空漫游》之后，科幻电影的主题从太空旅行转移到因人类对自然环境管理不善和极权主义国家对技术的滥用而导致的地球问题上”（After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate），所以选项C“地球生态问题”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么2001会成功，作者的观点是什么”。文章第二段提到“引人入胜的摄影工作被编辑来响应起伏的音乐”（Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic），选项B“因为它的摄影工作与音乐是艺术的融合”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于20世纪70年代的科幻电影，作者反对的是……”。文章第三段提到1970到1977年间29部电影围绕着同一个主题；最后一段提到“在这位影评家看来，直到1977年《星球大战》上映之前，科幻电影或多或少出现一系列重复情节”（Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots），选项C“作者认为它们的故事情节有太多相似之处”符合题意。

4.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetuneneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewho,firstandforemost,do（）.

5.Thephrase“theproblem”(Paragraph5)refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D.professorwithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

C.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentsofmodernsciencemakeitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

问题4选项

A.teaching

B.fieldwork

C.scientificresearch

D.investigation

问题5选项

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

C.theseparationsofteachingformresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。A:高估教学的重要性是错误的。B:教学和研究互相抵触。C:不应该过于强调研究的重要性。D:不应该简化教学和研究之间的关系。第一段讲述二者之间的关系更为复杂和重要，而并没有讨论二者孰轻孰重。因此A跟C项错误。第一句指出:Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized(最近报纸和杂志上的报道表明，教学和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在学术提升中的作用过于突出，教学被严重低估)。因此B项不正确。最后一句指出:Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships(这些话都有一定道理，但它们却也忽视了教学与研究二者间更深层、更重要的联系)。由此可知D项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:研究能提高教学质量。B:乐于挑战的学生欣赏研究型的教授。C:很难客观地评定教学质量。D:在研究方面有成就的教授通常是有责任心的和吃苦耐劳的。根据题干关键词Inacademicpromotions定位至第三段。文章确实认为，教学和研宂是互相促进的，但并不是在学术提升方面，研究型大学仍然重视研究的原因。因此A项错误。第三句指出:Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive(一个有高度责任感且严厉的教授通常会受到那些想要挑战的优秀学生的赞赏，但是那些成绩不那么令人印象深刻的学生却不喜欢他)，由此可知B项以及D项都不是重视研究的原因。第一句以及第二句指出:Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisfussilygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching(大多数研究型大学奖励优秀的教学，但最高的荣誉一般都给予那些研究上有突出成就的教授了。部分原因在于对教学评定的困难)。由此可知C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。A:研究型大学里著名的教授应该只专注于研究，此选项过于片面。B:将教学与研究分离会降低未来科学家的质量。第四段第二、三句指出:Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels(培养新科学家需要在研究型大学和艺术学院有出色的教学。虽然科学家通常是在小学里“造”出来的，但在大学和研究生院的水平上，糟糕的教学可能会让科学家流失)，因此B项正确。C:为了培养新科学家，提高小学的教学至关重要。此选项过度推断了第三句。D:现代科技的快速发展使得教学和研究不可能结合。第四句指出:Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital(解决的办法不是把教学和研究分开，而是认识到两者的结合是困难而重要的)。由此可知D项错误。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词Thetitleofprofessor可定位至第四段:Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators’，orsomethingelse(教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人，也许现在是大学为那些愿意成为学者群体中认真一员的人保留这个头衔的时候了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为“杰出的研究人员”，或者别的称呼)。由此可知A项“教学”正确。

第5题:词义题。第五段最后一句指出:Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities(那些说我们可以把教学和研究分开的人根本不了解这个体系，但是那些说这个问题会消失的人并没有履行他们的职责)。由此可知，theproblem是指“将教学与研究分离”。

5.单选题

Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionenactment,performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.Studentsmustbeincorporated,made,sofaraspossible,anintegralpartofthelearningprocess.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly,butthatisnonethelessthecase.OfEzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwroteplannedhislessonsthathispupils“cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay,“andAlfredNorthWhitehead,almostthreehundredyearslater,notedthatateachershouldmakehis/herstudents“gladtheywerethere.”

Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgivecloseattentiontothisformofeducation.Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat“lecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatimeforonepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?Idonotbelievethatthisiswhatthecreatordesignedhumanstodo’’.

Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,unobjective;itistoappealtothestudents’emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.

Thecultoflecturingdully,likethecultofwritingdully,goesback,ofcourse,someyears.EdwardShils,professorofsociology,recallstheprofessorsheencounteredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainhisyouth.Theyseemed“apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.Somereadfromoldlecturenotesandthenhaltinglyexplainedthethumb-wornlastlines.Otherslecturedfromcardsthathadservedforyears,tojudgebythewornedges.Theteachersbeganontime,endedontime,andlefttheroomwithoutsayingawordmoretotheirstudents,veryseldombeingdetainedbyquestioners.Theclasseswerenotlarge,yettherewasnodiscussion.Noquestionswereraisedinclass,andtherewerenoofficehours.”

1.Theauthorbelievesthatasuccessfulteachershouldbeableto（）.

2.Themajorityofuniversityprofessorspreferthetraditionalwayoflecturinginthebeliefthat（）.

3.Whattheauthorrecommendsinthispassageisthat（）

4.Bysaying“Theyseemed‘apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing...”(Lines3-4,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Whoseteachingmethodisparticularlycommendedbytheauthor?

问题1选项

A.makeinspiredplayanintegralpartofthelearningprocess

B.makedramatizationanimportantaspectofstudents’learning

C.improvestudents'learningperformance

D.makestudyjustaseasyasplay

问题2选项

A.itdrawsthecloseattentionofthestudents

B.itconformsinawaytothedesignoftheCreator

C.itpresentscoursecontentinascientificandobjectivemanner

D.ithelpsstudentstocomprehendabstracttheoriesmoreeasily

问题3选项

A.collegeeducationshouldbeimprovedthroughradicalmeasures

B.morefreedomofchoiceshouldbegiventostudentsintheirstudies

C.traditionalcollegelecturesshouldbereplacedbydramatizedperformances

D.interactionshouldbeencouragedintheprocessofteaching

问题4选项

A.professorsareagroupofprofessionalsthatdifferintheiracademicabilitybutbehaveinthesameway

B.professorsarelikepriestswearingthesamekindofblackgownbuthavingdifferentrolestoplay.

C.thereisnofundamentaldifferencebetweenprofessorsandprieststhoughtheydifferintheirmerits

D.professorsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniausedtowearblacksuitswhichmadethemlooklikepriests

问题5选项

A.AlfredNorthWhitehead's.

B.EzekielCheever’s.

C.CottonMather’s.

D.PatriciaNelsonLimerick’s.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionenactment,performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.我在学院和大学里教了几年书，从那时起我就坚信，表演，戏剧化是最成功的教学形式。可知作者认为戏剧化教学是最成功的教学方式。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,unobjective;itistoappealtothestudents’emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.奇怪的、几乎不可理解的事实是，许多教授认为他们应该枯燥地讲课，就像他们觉得必须枯燥地写作一样。表现出热情就有可能显得不科学、不客观;这是为了吸引学生的情感而不是他们的智力。”因此，理想的演讲应该是充满事实，以不变的单调语调进行的。可知教授们喜欢以传统方式上课的原因是传统授课方式以一种科学的、客观的方式展现课程内容。故C项正确。

3.判断推理题。由第二段“Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat“lecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatimeforonepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?Idonotbelievethatthisiswhatthecreatordesignedhumanstodo’’.我认为，帕特里夏•纳尔逊•利默里克(PatriciaNelsonLimerick)的观察有很多道理，她说:“讲课是一种非自然的行为，这种行为不是上帝设计给人类的。”有时候，一个人被说话的冲动所控制，而其他人却保持沉默，这是完全正常的。但要经常这样做，一次一小时十五分钟，让一个人讲下去，而其他人则安静地坐着?我不相信这是造物主设计人类去做的。”可知作者认为老师一个人讲课，而其他人保持沉默是不好的，他推崇老师与听众之间有互动。

4.语义题。Theyseemed“apriesthood,ratherunevenintheirmeritsbutuniformintheirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.他们似乎是“一个祭司，他们的优点不一样，但他们的举止却很一致;他们从来没有涉及任何个人的事情。由该句教授们虽然专业能力不一样，但是他们的行为一致。故A项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第一段末尾EzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwroteplannedhislessonsthathispupils“cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay…马萨诸塞湾殖民地最著名的校长EzekielCheever曾是学生CottonMather的老师，他在书中写道，他的学生“来工作就像来玩耍一样……”可知作者推崇EzekielCheever的教学方式。故B项正确。

6.翻译题

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.为了产生等量的电流，中国的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。从本世纪的开端起，提高生产率同时节约能源，这已经成为中国政府最关心的事情之一。

2.在将来的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么职位任务，他们都不能是技术文盲。他们没必要是发明新技术的科学家或工程师，但是，管理者必须清楚对新技术何时押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技术能有效地成为“黑匣子”，那么，他们就不会做出改变。这样，他们将成为失败者而不是胜者。

4.即使你知道孩子问题的答案，也不要冲动地快速做出回应，要给讨论余留空间。这强化了科学仅是一套储存在成人脑海的事实这一误解。

5.科学关乎于解释。科学不仅包含事实，而且包含人们通过将信息编织成个关于自然如何运作的故事而给予它的意义。

7.单选题

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

1.Theauthormainlytalksabout（）inParagraph1.

2.TheOECDreport（）.

3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause（）

4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

问题2选项