Unit2IconicAttractionsDiscoverusefulstructures不定式用法总结导学案高中英语人教版选择性

X4U3不定式用法总结及练习一、不定式作主语不定式表示具体一次动作，是特指；动名词表抽象概念，是泛指。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttookustwomonths__________(get)theproductlicensed.句型2：It’s+n+todoIfyourfriendsignoresyourfeelingsormakesyousuffer,it’stime__________(rethink)yourrelationships.句型3：Itisadj(for/ofsb)todosthThisyear,__________washardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14yearoldbrother,Jason,wasthewinner.二、不定式作表语主语表示职业、职责或性质等。Ifoundaparttimejob,whichistoguidethepatients.不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。todo作表语，与表将来的be+todo有区别，Ourplanistosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（系表）Wearetosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（表将来）【练一练】Thepurposeofeducationis________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.三、不定式作宾语只接todo作宾语的动词（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“寻”“问”看）seek,ask,beg;（“选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“尽”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“称”“失败”）claim,fail;（“敢”“装蒜”）dare,pretend2.接todo/doing意义不同的动词：forgettodo忘记要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记已经做过某事（已做）remembertodo记得将要做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得已经做过某事（已做）regrettodo遗憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做过某事（已做）goontodo继续做另一件事（对象变了）goondoing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）stoptodo停下来去做另一件事（对象变了）stopdoing停止做某事（对象不变）can’thelptodo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味着做某事（解释作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing尝试做某事（强调尝试和行动）3.可用于“find/think/feel/make/consider+it(形式宾语)+adj./n.+todosth．”结构中。【练一练】Topreventsofttissueinjury,remember__________(warm)upbeforeexercisinganddon’tforgettostretchattheendofyourworkout.Atfirsthedidn’tmean__________(take)part,buthecouldn’tresist__________(have)atry.Assoonastheearthquakewasreported,manymenvolunteer__________(keep)thevictimspany(陪伴受害者)andgavethemahelpinghand.Thepouringrainthatnightmadeithardforwitnesses__________(identify)themurderer.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youcanknowhow__________(make)afireinthewild.三、不定式作定语不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。eg:ShenQiuisagoodplacetolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.2.序数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等。3.有些名词后常接不定式做定语，如ability,ambition,attempt,agreement,chance,courage,mitment,desire,dream,decision,effort,goal,opportunity,plan,promise,right,reason,time,tendency,urge,way等。【练一练】Onceyouhavethechance__________(travel)whereveryouwant,wherewillyougo?Thebestway__________(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.ItwasOct16th,2021,whentheshenzhouXIIIwassuccessfullylaunched,withWangYaping,thefirstChinesefemaleastronaut__________(carry)outaspacewalk.Bakerwillbetheonlyone___________(win)themedalinarow.四、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo等形式。注意①其逻辑主语和句子主语一致性②位于句首时后边有无逗号均可，但位于句末时前边不能有逗号。不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to...,enoughtodo...,onlytodo...,so…astodo,suchastodo句型。作原因状语，常位于表示心里活动或情绪的形容词后,如：sorry,glad,happy,pleased,anxious,excited,delighted,disappointed,foolish....常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexact，tobesure,tobefrank,tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。【练一练】Iwastooscared__________(go)intothewatereventhoughtheytriedtopersuademeseveraltimes._______________(reduce)theriskofbeingattacked,netizensshouldbecarefulnottoclickpop­uplinks.Wemustdowhatwecan__________(protect)theenvironment.__________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.Iwastowritemyreport,only(find)myputerwasoutoforder.五、不定式作宾语补足语ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等动词常用于“动词+sbtodosth”句型。注意：require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+sb.+todosth（不定式作宾补）require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+doingsth（动名词作宾语）作有些动词（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to必须省去,被动时还原。with复合结构作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。【练一练】Everytimewefly,wearereminded__________(put)onourseatbeltsandofhowtouselifevests.Regularexerciseandabalanceddietenablestudents__________(perform)wellinstudy.3.Usersareencouraged__________(post)theirproblems,andtheywillgetadvicefromourhealthexpertsandotherforumusers.六、不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时todotobedone表动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone表动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时tobedoing表谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行完成进行时tohavebeendoing表动作发生在谓前且持续到谓语发生时仍在行It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames____________(hold)in2022willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.What____________(do)nexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thenaughtyboypretended__________(study)whenhismothersteppedintotheroom.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only__________(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.Therewasafamouspersonattheparty,soeveryonewouldlike_________(introduce)tohim.Whenthemeetingwasover,withseveralproblemsremaining__________(solve),themarketingmanageraskedsomeofustoremainsilent.Iamsorry__________(keep)youwaitingforsolong.ExcellentperformanceintheCollegeEntranceExaminationentitledhim__________(admit)intoakeyuniversity.Sheissaidto______________(write)thenovelaboutNewYorkformanyyears.Themanagerissaid__________(arrive)backfromPariswherehemetsomeEuropeanbusinesspartners.七、不带to的不定式在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等后不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，变被动要还原。2.help后的不定式作宾语补足语时，to有时可以省略，但当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式动作时需要带to。3.不定式在介词but,except,besides后，如果其前有实义动词do，不定式不带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.另：Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.▲介前有do无to，无do有to4.含不带to的不定式的常见句型：hadbetterdosth.最好做某事 wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事 cannothelpbutdosth.不得不做某事八、不定式主动表被动1.动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现或暗含在句中eg:Wehavemanydifficultiestoovere.在sth+be+adj.+todo结构中，若形容词为：easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,good,nice,pleasant,fortable,fit,dangerous,interesting,important等eg:Theriverisdangeroustoswimin.Therebe句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式eg:There’snothingtodonow.而tolet,toblame,toseek等不定式，多以主动式表被动意义eg:Thisflatistolet.Iamtoblameforit.【练一练】Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__________(blame)fortheaccident.Asteachers,wehavenochoicebut__________(fight)forourstudents.Iwasabout__________(go)outwhenmydaughtercamein.4.Withlotsofproblems______________(solve),themanagerwillhaveahardtime.短文填空（一）Thefinalexamisaroundthecorner.Ourheadteachertoldus1_______(study)hardeveryday.Infact,itiseverystudent’sdream2_________(get)agoodscore.3_______(repay)ourparentsandteachers,mostofushavedecided4________(live)uptotheirexpectations.Sadly,amajorityofstudentsarestillunawareoftheimportanceofknowledge.Inclass,theyoftenpretend5_________(read)whentheteacherisintheclassroom.Occasionally,theteacherasksthemtoansweraquestion,only6_______(find)thattheyknownothing.Johnisthemostnaughtyboy.Heissaid7_______(fail)twicethisterm.Therefore,hisparentsforbidhim8_______(go)tothemoviesonweekends.9________(be)honest,hereallydeserves10________(punish).However,hisbiggestworryistheparents’meeting11_______(hold)nextmonth.IpraythatJohnwouldchangehimselfandpassthefinalexamnextweek.（二）DearTom,It’ssonice1_________(hear)thatyouwant2_________(e)toBeijing3________(study).It’snecessary4__________(remind)youofafewthings.Asyouknow,the2022WinterOlympicgamesis5_______(hold)inBeijingandZhangJiakou.Thearchitectsandconstructionworkersarebusy6______(build)manyfacilities,7______(make)thestreetsofBeijingverycrowded.Itisbestforyou8_________(take)abusorsubway,whichisveryconvenient.Youcanalsorideabike,butwhenyoudonotuseit,don’tforget9_______(lock)it.Also,don’teasilytrustpeoplewhoyoudon’tknow,incaseyou10_________(cheat).Ifyouareintrouble,I11________(help)you.Whenyouvisitafriend’shome,remember12_________(bring)somethingthatyourhost13_______(like).Youaresaid14___________(learn)muchChinesetraditionalculture,sothereisnoneed15_________(worry)aboutyou.16__________forwardtoyour17_______(e)!Yours,TomX4U3不定式用法总结及练习教师版一、不定式作主语不定式表示具体一次动作，是特指；动名词表抽象概念，是泛指。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttookustwomonths_toget_(get)theproductlicensed.句型2：It’s+n+todoIfyourfriendsignoresyourfeelingsormakesyousuffer,it’stime_torethink_(rethink)yourrelationships.句型3：Itisadj(for/ofsb)todosthThisyear,it___washardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14yearoldbrother,Jason,wasthewinner.二、不定式作表语主语表示职业、职责或性质等。Ifoundaparttimejob,whichistoguidethepatients.不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。todo作表语，与表将来的be+todo有区别，Ourplanistosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（系表）Wearetosetupaschoolforthepeasants’children.（表将来）【练一练】Thepurposeofeducationis_todevelop__(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.三、不定式作宾语只接todo作宾语的动词（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“寻”“问”看）seek,ask,beg;（“选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“尽”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“称”“失败”）claim,fail;（“敢”“装蒜”）dare,pretend2.接todo/doing意义不同的动词：forgettodo忘记要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记已经做过某事（已做）remembertodo记得将要做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得已经做过某事（已做）regrettodo遗憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做过某事（已做）goontodo继续做另一件事（对象变了）goondoing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）stoptodo停下来去做另一件事（对象变了）stopdoing停止做某事（对象不变）can’thelptodo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味着做某事（解释作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing尝试做某事（强调尝试和行动）3.可用于“find/think/feel/make/consider+it(形式宾语)+adj./n.+todosth．”结构中。【练一练】Topreventsofttissueinjury,remember_towarm(warm)upbeforeexercisinganddon’tforgettostretchattheendofyourworkout.Atfirsthedidn’tmean_totake_(take)part,buthecouldn’tresist_having__(have)atry.Assoonastheearthquakewasreported,manymenvolunteer_tokeep_(keep)thevictimspany(陪伴受害者)andgavethemahelpinghand.Thepouringrainthatnightmadeithardforwitnesses_toidentify_(identify)themurderer.Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youcanknowhow__tomake_(make)afireinthewild.三、不定式作定语不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。eg:ShenQiuisagoodplacetolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.2.序数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等。3.有些名词后常接不定式做定语，如ability,ambition,attempt,agreement,chance,courage,dream,decision,effort,goal,opportunity,plan,promise,right,time,tendency,way,reason等。【练一练】Onceyouhavethechance___totravel___(travel)whereveryouwant,wherewillyougo?Thebestway_to__set__(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.ItwasOct16th,2021,whentheshenzhouXIIIwassuccessfullylaunched,withWangYaping,thefirstChinesefemaleastronaut_tocarry__(carry)outaspacewalk.Bakerwillbetheonlyone_towin__(win)themedalinarow.四、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo等形式。注意①其逻辑主语和句子主语一致性②位于句首时后边有无逗号均可，但位于句末时前边不能有逗号。不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to...,enoughtodo...,onlytodo...,so…astodo,suchastodo句型。作原因状语，常位于表示心里活动或情绪的形容词后,如：sorry,glad,happy,pleased,anxious,excited,delighted,disappointed,foolish....常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexact，tobesure,tobefrank,tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。【练一练】Iwastooscared_togo__(go)intothewatereventhoughtheytriedtopersuademeseveraltimes.__Toreduce__(reduce)theriskofbeingattacked,netizensshouldbecarefulnottoclickpop­uplinks.Wemustdowhatwecan__toprotect__(protect)theenvironment.Tolearn_(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.Iwastowritemyreport,onlytofind(find)myputerwasoutoforder.五、不定式作宾语补足语ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等动词常用于“动词+sbtodosth”句型。注意：require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+sb.+todosth（不定式作宾补）require,forbid,advise,remend,allow,permit,encourage+doingsth（动名词作宾语）作有些动词（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to必须省去,被动时还原。with复合结构作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。【练一练】Everytimewefly,wearereminded__toput__(put)onourseatbeltsandofhowtouselifevests.Regularexerciseandabalanceddietenablestudents__toperform__(perform)wellinstudy.Usersareencouraged__topost__(post)theirproblems,andtheywillgetadvicefromourhealthexpertsandotherforumusers.六、不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时todotobedone表动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone表动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时tobedoing表谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行完成进行时tohavebeendoing表动作发生在谓前且持续到谓语发生时仍在行It’ssaidthattheOlympicGames_tobeheld__(hold)in2022willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid.What_tobedone___(do)nexthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thenaughtyboypretended___tobestudying__(study)whenhismothersteppedintotheroom.LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only_tobeinformed__(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.Therewasafamouspersonattheparty,soeveryonewouldlike_tobeintroduced__(introduce)tohim.Whenthemeetingwasover,withseveralproblemsremaining__tobesolved____(solve),themarketingmanageraskedsomeofustoremainsilent.Iamsorry_tohavekept__(keep)youwaitingforsolong.ExcellentperformanceintheCollegeEntranceExaminationentitledhim__tobeadmitted__(admit)intoakeyuniversity.Sheissaidto__havebeenwriting_____(write)thenovelaboutNewYorkformanyyears.Themanagerissaidtohavearrived_(arrive)backfromPariswherehemetsomeEuropeanbusinesspartners.七、不带to的不定式在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等后不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，变被动要还原。2.help后的不定式作宾语补足语时，to有时可以省略，但当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式动作时需要带to。3.不定式在介词but,except,besides后，如果其前有实义动词do，不定式不带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.另：Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.▲介前有do无to，无do有to4.含不带to的不定式的常见句型：hadbetterdosth.最好做某事 wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事 cannothelpbutdosth.不得不做某事八、不定式主动表被动1.动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现或暗含在句中eg:Wehavemanydifficultiestoovere.在sth+be+adj.+todo结构中，若形容词为：easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,good,nice,pleasant,fortable,fit,dangerous,interesting,important等eg:Theriverisdangeroustoswimin.Therebe句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式eg:There’snothingtodonow.而tolet,toblame,toseek等不定式，多以主动式表被动意义eg:Thisflatistolet.Iamtoblameforit.【练一练】Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone__toblame___(blame)fortheaccident.Asteachers,wehavenochoicebut__tofight___(fight)forourstudents.Iwasabout_togo__(go)outwhenmydaughtercamein.4.Withlotsofproblems___tosolve____(solve),themanagerwillhaveahardtime.短文填空（一）Thefinalexamisaroundthecorner.Ourheadteachertoldus1_______(study)hardeveryday.Infact,itiseverystudent’sdream2_________(get)agoodscore.3_______(repay)ourparentsandteachers,mostofushavedecided4________(live)uptotheirexpectations.Sadly,amajorityofstudentsarestillunawareoftheimportanceofknowledge.Inclass,theyoftenpretend5_________(read)whentheteacherisintheclassroom.Occasionally,theteach