四级阅读题目(含答案)

四级阅读题目(含答案)

Passage1

PartIIReadingcomprehension(Skimmingand

Scanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave

15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.For

question1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswith

theinformationgiveninthepassage.

That'senough,kids

Itwasalovelydayattheparkand

StellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewith

hertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedabout

four,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushed

himtotheground.

〃I'dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmy

sonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'dshoved.〃

shesays,〃Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,

turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,，No,wedon，t

push.'〃Whathappenednextwasunexpected.

〃Theboy'smotherrantowardmefromacross

thepark.〃Stellasays.〃Ithoughtshewascomi

ngovertoapologise,butinsteadshe

startedshoutingatmefor

'discipliningherchild'.AllIdidwaslet

himknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WaI

supposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhatever

hewanted,hurtingotherchildreninthe

process?”

Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceis

difficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople's

childrenhasbecomeaminefield

Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnot

allowed.Inmysister'shouseit's

encouraged.Forher,it'saboutkidsbeing

kids:〃Ifyoucan'tdoitatthree,whencanyou

doit?〃

Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,it

hastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghis

aunt'shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying〃no〃alot

whenherkidsareoveratmine.That's

OKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerous

territorywhenyou'retalkingtothe

childrenoffriendsoracquaintan

ces.

same."

〃Kidsaren?tallraisedthe

agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonas

University.〃Butthere，sstillanideathat

they'rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeour

childrenasanextensionofourselves,soif

you，resayingthatmychildisbehavingin

appropriately,thenthat，ssomehowa

Inthosecircumstances,it*sdifficult

toknowwhethertoapproachthechildfirst.

directlyortheparentTherearetwo

schoolsofthought,

criticismofme.〃

〃I'dgotothefirst."saysAndrew

Fuller,authorofTrickyKids,^Usuallyaquiet

reminderthat'wedon'tdothathere'isenough.

Kidshavefinelytunedantennae（直觉）forhow

tobehaveindifferentsettings.〃

Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwith

theparentfirstmaymakethemfeel

neglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Of

course,approach!ngthechildfirstcan

bringitsownheadaches,too.

ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyou

approachtheparentsfirst."Raiseyourconcerns

withtheparentsifthey'rethereandaskthem

todealwithit.〃shesays.

****howtoapproachaparentinthis

situation.PsychologistMeredithFuller

answers:〃Explainyourneedsaswellas

stressingtheimportaneeofthefriendship.

Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:'I

knowyou'11think「msillybutinmyhouseIdon't

want...，〃

Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'reeari

ngforanotherchild.Whiteis

straightforward:，zCommonsensemuseprevail.

Ifthingsdon'tgowellthenhaveachat.〃

There5reacoupleofnewgreyareas.

Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromany

adult,isnoIongerappropriate.〃Nowyoucan't

doitwithoutfeelinguneasyabout

it.〃Whitesays.

Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealing

withotherpeople'schildren.〃Menfeel

nervous,〃Whitesays.〃Anewsetof

considerationshascometotheforeaspartof

thedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.

ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centrid

natureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone.

〃Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday5s

parentsweregrowingup,〃hesays."Adultsare

scaredofsaying,'Don'tswear',oraskinga

childtostanduponabus.

They5reworriedthattherewillbeconflictif

theypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolder

children,ortheirparents.〃

Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcomm

onpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy（礼

貌），andsaysthatadultssufferfromitas

muchaschildren.

MeredithFulleragrees,，ZAcodeofconduct

ishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworld

inwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkand

lackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeople

areperceivedtofinishlast.〃

〃It'saboutwhat「mdoinganwhatIneed,〃

AndrewFullersays.〃Thedayswhenakidcame

homefromschoolandsaid,'Igotintotrouble

’,anddadsaid,'Youprobablydeservedit',are

over.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptothe

schooltohaveagoatteachers.

Thisjumpingtoourchildrensdefenee

ispartofwhatfuelsthe"walkingon

eggshells"feelingthatsurroundsour

dealingswithotherpeople，schildren.Youknow

thatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）withthechild,

you'regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.

It'sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,but

isitgood?

''Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatethe

worldontheirown,withinreasonable

boundaries,z，Whitesays,〃Isuspectthat

it'sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulation

doingtherunningtothe

school-betterOeducatedparentsare

probablymorelikelytotetooinvolved.〃

Whitebelievesournotionsofamore

child-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged.

“Todaywehaveasituationwhere,inmany

families,bothparentswork,sotheamountof

timechildrengetfromparentshas

diminished,〃shesays.

“Also,sometimeswhenwetalkaboutbeing

child-centred,it'sawayoftalkingabout

treatingourchildrenlike

commodities（商品）.We'recentredonthembut

inwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.

Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearaneeand

aehievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudor,

ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthe

children.〃

Onewayover-worked,under-resourced

parentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenisto

leaptotheirdefenee.Backatthepark,Bia

nchi'sintervention（干预）onherson;s

behalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeof

insultingwordswiththeotherboy'smother.

AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhere

she'dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoher

andcongratulatedherontakingastand.

z，Apparentlytheboyhada

Iongstandingreputationforhadbehaviourand

hismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschalle

nged.〃

AndrewFullerdoesntbelievethatwe

shouldbeafraidofdealingwithother

people'skids."Lookatkidsthataren5tyourown

asapotentialminefield.hesays.

Herecommendsthatwedon'tstaysilentoverin

appropriatebehaviour,particularlywith

regularvisitors.

1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoung

boy'smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?

A)Makeanapology.C)

Disciplineherownboy.

B)Comeovertointervene.D)

Takeherownboyaway.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealing

withotherpeople5schildren?

A)It'simportantnottohurttheminany

way.

B)It'snousetryingtostoptheir

wrongdoing.

C)It，sadvisabletotreatthemasone，sown

kids.

D)It'spossibleforonetogetintolots

oftrouble.

3.AccordingtoProfessorNaomiWhiteofMon

ashUniversity,whenone'skidsare

criticised,theirparentswillprobablyfeel

*

A)discouragedC)puzzled

B)hurtoverwhelmedD)

4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingother

people5skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrew

Fuller?

A)Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.

C)Simplyleavethemalone.

B)Complaintotheirparentspolitely.

D)Punishthemlightly.

5.Duetothechild-centricnatureof

oursociety,

A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkids

swearatthem

B)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticise

kidsinpublic

C)peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid，s

wrongdoings

D)manyconflictsarisebetweenparents

andtheirkids

6.Inawordwhereeveryoneisexhausted

fromoverworkandlackofsleep,.

A)it，seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatie

nt

B)it'sdifficulttocreateacodeof

conduct

C)it'simportanttobefriendlyto

everybody

D)it'shardforpeopletoadmireeach

other

7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhen

theirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?

C)They，dtellthekidstocalmdown.

B)They，dchargeuptotheschool.

D)They'dputtheblameontheirkids.

8.ProfessorWhitebelievesthatthe

notionsofamorechild-centredsociety

shouldbe.

9.AccordingtoProfessorWhite,

today5sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethi

ngthey.

10.AndrewFullersuggeststhat,when

kidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshould

not.

参考答案

1.Amakeanapology.对应原文第7行I

thoughtshewascomingovertoapologise

2.DIt5spossibleforonetogetintolots

oftrouble对应原文第10行Dealingwithother

people'schildrenhasbecomeaminefield,其

中minefield指的是雷区，表明比较难于处理的问

题

3.Bhurt对应原文第一页倒数第10行

thenthat'ssomehowacriticismofme

4.ATalktothemdirectlyinamildway.对

应原文第一页倒数第6行usuallyaquiet

reminderthat“wedon'tdothathere“iseno

ugh.

5.Cpeoplearereluctanttopointout

kid'swrongdoings.此题难度较大,需要阅读中跳

跃的范围较大，要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行For

AndrewFuller,thechild-centric

natureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone,

“Therulesaredifferentnowfromwheitoday

'sparentsweregrowingup.

6.BIt，sdifficulttocreateacode

ofconduct.对应原文第二页第16行

7.DThey'dputtheblameontheir

kids对应原文第二页20行“Igotintotrouble

anddadsaid,“Youprobablydeservedit.”

8.challenged

9.canbeproudof

10.staysilent

Passage2

PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingand

Scanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15

minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.For

questions1-7,chiosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe

informat!ongiveninthepassage.

HowDoYouSeeDiversity?

Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsiblefor

interviewingapplicantsforsomeofthe

positionswithhercompany.Duringone

interview,shenoticedthatthecandidaten

evermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaj

puzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshe

likedtheindividualotherwise.

Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresp

onsestoherquestions,butthefactthathe

neverlookedherintheeyesaid

“untrustworthy,“soshedecidedtoofferthe

jobtohersecondchoice.

Itwasn〃tuntilIattendeda

diversityworkshopthatIrealizedthe

personwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,

Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshe

hadn，tknownatthetimeoftheinterview

wasthatthecandidate's"differe

nt”

behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding

.HewasanAsian-American

raisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthosein

authoritywasshownbyaverting（避开）youreyes.

“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofye

contact;notrealizingitwascultural,“

Tiffanysays."Imissedout,butwillnotmiss

thatopportunityagain.”

Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswith

behaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.As

theworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmore

diverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpand

ourunder-standingofothersandtoreexamine

someofourfalseassumptions.

HireAdvantage

Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeople

isbecomingmoredifficult'employerswhocan

eliminateinvalidbiases（偏爱）fromthe

processhaveadistinctadvantage.My

company,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizations

andindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Areal

estaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthe

positivediffereneesuchtrainingcanmake.

“DuringmyMindsetscoaching

session,Iwastaughthowtorecruita

diversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefrom

differentculturesandskillsets.The

agentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotential

andexperiencestobuildupthecompany.When

therealestatemarketbegantochange,itwas

becausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewere

abletostayintherealestatemarketmuchIon

gerthanothersinthesameprofession.”

BlindedbyGender

Daleisanaccountexecutivewho

attendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisinga

diverseworkforce."Throughoneofthe

sessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias

herecalls."IlearnedIhadnotbeen

lookingatapersonasawholeperson,and

beingopentodifferences."Inhiscase,

theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrather

gender.

Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmy

department;andthetwofinalistswereamanand

awoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,I

wouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthe

bestcandidatebecausethepositionrequired

quiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoning

wouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcan

didatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessful

intheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhave

wantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnot

travel."Dale'sassumptionsareanother

exampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrect

thinkingthatlimitsanorgani

zation'sabilitytotapintothefullpotential

ofadiverseworkforce.

“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinstead

ofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,

Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,

responsibilitiesand

expectationstoallcandidatesandallow

themtomakeaninformeddecision."Dale

creditstheworkshop,“becauseithelped

memakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”

YearoftheKnow-It-All

Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedone

ofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlear

nedfromhisownemployee.

“Oneofmymostembarrassingmoments

waswhenIhadaChinese-Americanemployeeput

inarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChi

neseNewYear.InmyignoranceIassumedhehad

hisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjust

passed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehim

alongtalking-toaboutturninginrequests

earlywiththeproperdates.

Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,he

saidhewouldlikeChineseNewYear

didnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChinese

NewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isone

ofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinese

calendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltvery

embarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixed

up.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,

andthatthetimingofholidaysvaries

considerablyfromculturetoculture.

“Attendingthediversityworkshop

helpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnby

simplyaskingquestionsandcreating

dialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmaking

assumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”

Dougadmits."Thebiggest

thingItookawayfromtheworkshopis

learninghowtobemore'inclusive'to

differences.

AbetterBottomLine

Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonly

improvesorganizationsinternally,itis

profitableaswell.Thesecommentsfroma

customerservicerepresentativeshowhowan

inelusiveattitudecanimprove

sales."MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishas

asecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompa

nyhasdoneistocontractwithaIanguage

servicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.

Itwasn'tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets

'trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhow

importantinelusivenesswastocustomer

service.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasin

creased.”

Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals

.anddiscardthestereotypes,

wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessfor

everyone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogether

andtakingadvantageofour

differencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildi

ngbettercommunitiesand

organizationsthatenhanceusas

individualsandreinforceourshared

humanity.

Whenwebegintoquestionour

assumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehave

learnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,

family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethat

someofourconclusionsareflawed（有缺陷的）or

contrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneed

totrain

our-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmin

dsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsfor

allofus,creatingopportunities

inorganizationsandcommunitiesthat

benefiteveryone.

1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringanin

terviewwithhercandidate?

A)Hejustwouldn'tlookherintheeye.

B)Hewasslowin

answeringher

questions.

C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswere

irrelevant.

D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswere

irrelevant.

2.Tiffany'smisjudgmentabout

candidatestemmedfrom.

A)Racialstereotypes.Racial

stereotypes.

B)Invalidpersonalbias.

Emphasisonphysicalappearanee

3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourse

ofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtothe

author?

A)Hiringqualifiedtechnical

managementpersonnel.

B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleof

othercultures.

C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeand

equipment.

D)Expandingdomesticandinternational

markets.

4.WhatkindoforganizationisMin

the

C)

D)

and

LLC?

A)Arealestateagency.C)A

culturalexchangeorganization.

B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)A

hi-techcompany

5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,account

executiveDalerealizedthat.

A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.

B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompa

ny.

C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.

D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.

6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLCs

workshop?

A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlycon

ducted.

B)Ittappedintotheexecutives'fullpote

ntiaL

C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.

D)Itmetparticipants'diverseneeds.

7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondto

aChinese-Americanemployee'srequestfor

leave?

A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.

C)Heflatlyturneditdown

B)Hedemandedanexplanation.

D)Hereadilyapprovedit.

8.Dougfeltwhenherealized

thathisassumptionwaswrong.

9.AfterattendingMindsets

5workshops,theparticipantscametoknowthe

importaneeoftotheirbusiness.

10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividuals

andgetridofstereotypes,wecanachieve

diversityandbenefitfromthe

betweenus.

参考答案

1AHejustwouldn'tlookherinthe

dyeo

2.Cculturalignorance

3.BIncreasingunderstandingofpeople

ofothercultures。

4.BApersonneltrainingcompany。

5.Dhemustgetridofhisgenderbias

6.CIthelpedhimmakefairdecisions。

7.AHetoldhimtogetthedatesright。

8.embarrassed

9.inelusiveness

10.differencesandsimilarities

Passage3

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueof

merit-basedaid*

Goodgradesandhightestscoresstill

matter一alot一tomanycollegesastheyaward

financialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedto

makeupanever-largershareofthecollege-bo

undpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsare

re-examingwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas

“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseof

preciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWash

ington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthat

itwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemerit

scholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethe

numberof

recipients（接受者）,pouringthesavings,

about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.

AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madea

similardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,

saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarships

altogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipients

willlosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaid

alonewillbeawarded

beginningwithstudentsenteringinfall

2008.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;

genthemoreselectiveaschool,the

lessiistodoso.Harvardand

Princetfoexample,offergenerous

need-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon't

meetneedeligibility（资格）have

beenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustfora

big-nameschool.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstruggle

justtofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportant

revenue-builderbecause

manyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuition

dollarsoverandabovescholarshipamounttokeep

theinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsin

between,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatool

torecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheir

academicprofiles."They'retrying

tobuystudents,“saysSkidmoreColllege

economistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendsto

benefitdisproportionatelyStudentswho

couldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.

“Aswe1ooktothefuture,weseeamore

pressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,“

saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionand

financialaidatHamilton,whichhasoffered

meritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthat

time,itroseinUSNews&WorldReports

rankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,

from25to17.

Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75

studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudent

body,atacostofabout$1milionayear,

be

“serveduswell,“Inzersays,but“to

discountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon't

needfinancialaiddoesn，tfeelrightany

more.”

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthe

largestshareofallstudeaid,which

ineludesstate,federalandinstituti

grants.Butmeritaid,offeredpr^mar^by

schoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,both

overallandattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and2003-04,

institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased

212%,comparedwith47%forneed-based

grants.Atleast15statesalsooffermerit

aid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltop

studentsinthestate'spublic

institutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus

（异口同声）ofcriticshasbegunpressuring

schoolstodropthepractice.Recent

decisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asign

thatpeoplearestartingtorealize

thatthere'sthisdestructivecompetition

goingon."saysBaum,co-authorofarecent

CollegeReportthatraisesconcernsaboutthe

roleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesota

PrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhis

schoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbut

fearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetop

studentstotheircompetitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,“

saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekan

exemption（豁免）fromfederalanti-trustlaws

somembercollegescandiscusshowtheycould

jointlyreducemeritaid."Thisisamerry-go-

roundthat'sgoingveryfast,andnoneofthe

institutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisks

oftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhas

becomesopopularwithmiddle-income

families,whodon'tqualifyforneed-basedaid,

thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuiti

onscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetween

meritandneedblurs.

ThatisonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoes

n，tplantod