氯化钠注射液说明书很全面英文

Mainingredientsandchemicalname:SodiumChloride

Structuralformula:NaCl

Molecularformula:NaCl

Molecularweight:58.44

[Character]Theproductisacolorlessclearliquid,withsaltflavor.

[Pharmacologyandtoxicity]

Sodiumchlorideisanelectrolysissupplementagent;sodiumandchlorideareimportantelectrolysisforthehumanbodyandmainlyexistinextracellularfluid,whichplayanimportantroleinmaintainingnormalvolumeofbloodandextracellularfluidandosmosispressure.Normalserumsodiumconcentrationisabout135~145mmol/L,witha92percentoftheplasmacationanda90percentoftotalosmosispressure,sothequantityofplasmasodiumplayadecisiverolefortheosmosispressure;normalserumchlorideconcentrationisabout98~106mmol/L;sodiumandchlorideinhumanbodyaremainlyadjustedbyhypothalamus,lobusposteriorhypophyseosandkidneysoastomaintainthestabilityofbodyfluidvolumeandosmosispressure.

[Pharmacokinetics]

Sodiumchlorideenteredthebloodcirculationdirectlyafterinjectedbyintravenous,anddistributedwidelyinthehumanbody,andmainlyexistinextracellularfluid.Bothsodiumandchloridecanbefiltratedbyglomerule,andpartiallybeabsorbedbyrenaltubules.Sodiumchlorideismainlyexcretedthroughurinebykidney,someisexcretedthroughsweat.

[Indications]

Itisindicatedfordehydrationcausedbyallkindsofcases,includinghypoosmolality,isotoniaandhypertonicity;alsoforthecomacausedbyhypertonicitynon-ketosisdiabetesastheadministrationofisotoniaandhypoosmolalitysodiumchloridecancorrectthedehydrationandhyperosmoticstate;itisalsoindicatedforlow-chloridemetabolicalkalipoisoning;andexternalusesodiumchloridecanbeusedtowashtheeyesandwounds;italsocanbeusedfortheinductionoflaborwithwaterbag.

[Dosageandadministration]

Forhypertonicitydehydration,osmosisconcentrationofcerebralandcerebrospinalfluidwilldecrease,ifthesodiumconcentrationandosmosisconcentrationofplasmaandcerebralextracellularfluidwasdecreasedfleetly,cerebraledemamayhappen.Intheusualcase,atthebeginning48hoursoftreatment,thereducingspeedofplasmasodiumconcentrationshouldnotexceeding0.5mmol/L.

Ifthepatientswasinshock,sodiumchlorideinjectionshouldbeadministeredatfirst,atthesametimecolloidcanbesuppliedondemand;afterrecoveryfromshock,plasmasodium>155mmol/L,plasmaosmosisconcentration>350mosm/L,0.6%hypotonicitysodiumchlorideinjectioncanbeadministered.Awaitingtheplasmaosmosisconcentration<330mosm/L,0.9%sodiumchloridecanbeused.Thetotalamountofsupplementfluidcanbeestimatedbythefollowingformulaforthereference:

Supplementfluidamount(L)={[plasmasodiumconcentration(mmol/L)-142]/plasmasodiumconcentration(mmol/L)}x0.6xweight(Kg)

Usuallyatthefirstdayhalfdoseisadministered,theremainsisadministeredduringthelater2~3days.Intheclinicalexperimentsthedosagecanbeadjustedaccordingtocardio-pulmonaryfunction.

Forisotoniadehydration,isotoniainjectionshouldbeadministeredinprinciple,suchas0.9%sodiumchlorideinjectionorcompoundsodiumchlorideinjection.Butfortheaforementionedinjection,chlorideconcentrationisobviouslyhigherthanplasma,andthesingleadministrationofsodiumchloridemayleadtohyperchloremia,thus0.9%sodiumchloridehadbetterbeadministeredcombinedwith1.25%sodiumbicarbonateor1.86%(1/6M)sodiumlactatewithaproportionof7:3aftertheyareprepared.Thelatterconcentrationisabout107mmol/L,whichcanreducethechlorideconcentrationandcorrectmetabolicacidosis.Thesupplementamountcouldbeestimatedaccordingtoweightorpackedcellvolume.(1)estimatedasperweight,supplementfluidamount(L)=(weightreduction(kg)x142)/154;(2)estimatedasperpackedcellvolume:supplementfluidamount(L)=(actualpackedcellvolume-normalpackedcellvolumexweight(kg)x0.2)/normalpackedcellvolume.Normalpackedcellvolumeofthemaleis48%,andthatoffemaleisabout42%.

Forhypoosmolalitydehydration:whenserioushypoosmolalitydehydrationhappen,soluteinthecerebralcellisreducedtomaintainthecellvolume.Ifthesodiumconcentrationandosmosisconcentrationinplasmaandextracellularfluidwasincreasedfleetly,thatmayleadtocerebralcelltrauma.Intheusualcases,whentheplasmasodiumislowerthan120mmol/L,theincreasingspeedofplasmasodiumshouldkeep0.5mmol/L,notexceeding1.5mmol/L.

Whentheplasmasodiumislowerthan120mmol/Lorcentralnervoussystemsymptomhappen,3%〜5%sodiumchlorideinjectioncanbeadministeredbyslowdrip.Commonlywithin6hoursplasmasodiumconcentrationwillbeincreasedtoover120mmol/L.sodium-supplementamount(mmol/L)=[142-actualplasmasodiumconcentration(mmol/L)]xweight(kg)x0.2.Afterplasmasodiumconcentrationriseagaintoover120〜125mmol/L,thetreatmentcanbechangedtouseisotoniasolutionorisotoniasolutioncombinedwithhypertonicityglucoseinjectionor10%sodiumchlorideinjection.

Forlowchloridealkalipoisoning:Firstly0.9%sodiumchlorideinjectionorcompoundsodiumchlorideinjectionisadministeredwiththedose500〜1000ml,thendeterminethedoseasperthealkalipoisoningstate.

Forexternaluse,normalsalinesolutioncanbeusedtowashthewoundandeyes.[Side-effect]

(1)Overdoseandover-rapidnessofinfusionmayleadtoretentionofwaterandsodium,causehydrops,increasedbloodpressure,increasedheartrate,oppressedfeelinginchest,breathhard,evenleftventricularfailure.

(2)Overdoseandover-rapidnessofinjectionlow-concentrationsodiumchloridemayleadtohaemolysis,cerebraledemaandsoon.

[Contraindication]

Diabetesketosisacidose;

Hyperglycemianon-ketosishyperosmoticstate;

[Attention]

Avoidusingthemedicineforthefollowingcases:i.hydropsy,suchasthekidneysyndrome,livercirrhosis,hydroperitoneum,congestiveheart-failure,acuteleftventricularfailure,hydrocephalus,idiopathicedemaandetc.;ii.acutekidneyfailureoliguriastage,chronickidneyfailuredecreasedurineandbadreactionfordiuretic;iii.hepertension;iv.hepo-potassium.

Accordingtotheclinicalrequirements,examinetheconcentrationofsodium,potassium,chlorideintheserum;examineacidandalkaliconcentrationequali