初中英语语法非谓语动词知识点讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法非谓语动词知识点讲解及专项练习一非谓语动词的概念在句子中充当除滑周少怕狗子成分的动词形式叫做非谓港动司它不受人称和数的限制非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式：to+动词原形］动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）二、动名词的用法动名词是由动词原形+ing构成，形式同现在分词形式一样，其否定形式是not+动词原形+ing。1、动名词作主语：Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.那样谈话不礼貌。Learningfromothersisimportant.向别人学习很重要。Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.多穿衣服不一定好。动名词作主语通常用一般式，可以像动词不定式一样，用it先行词代替，而把动名词写在后面It'snousewaitinghere,let'sgohome.在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。It'sverydifficultclimbingthismountain.爬这座山很困难。2、动名词作表语Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.护士的工作是护理病人。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。3、动名词作定语Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom.她在阅览室学习。Hesleptinthesleepingbag.他在睡袋里睡觉。4、动名词作宾语Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.请不要在家里抽烟。Ilikereadingintheforest.我喜欢在树林里读书。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?你介意我打开窗户吗？Sheisfoundofcollectingstamp.她喜欢集邮。下列动词接动名词：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,stand,understand,can'thelp,等。我们可用这样一个虚构词“madpsfameicarfe”，其汉语谐音为“卖的不是发霉咖啡”帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m-mind（介意）,a-avoid（避免）,d-delay（推迟）,p-practise（练习）,s-suggest（建议），s-stand（忍受），s-stop（停止）,f-finish（完成）,f-forgive（原谅），a-advise（建议）,m-miss（错过）,e-escape（逃脱）,i-imagine（设想），c-can,thelp（禁不住）,a-admit（承认）,r-risk（冒险）,f-fancy（认为，想象），e-enjoy（喜爱）。b.下列短语动词接动名词befondof,begoodat,beworth,devoteto,feellike,getusedto,giveup,havedifficulty,insiston，lookforwardto,payattentionto,putoff,referto等。Heisfondofplayingbasketball.他喜欢打篮球。IhavedifficultylearningEnglish.我学习英语有困难。c.介词后面接动名词Whataboutgoingtothecinema?去看电影怎么样？Onseeinghisteacher,hejumpedoffhisbike.他一看见老师就下自行车。三动词不定式

肯定式:肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo 省略to的:do动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。1、动词不定式作主语Tomasteralanguageisnotaneasything.掌握一J门语言不是一^件容易的事情。ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.教英语是我的爱好。It'smypleasuretohelpyou.很乐意帮助你。动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。It'sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。It'snecessarytofindthewitness.有必要找到目击者。It,sdifficultforhimtolearnEnglishwell.他学好英语很困难。Itisverybraveofyoutohavedoneitforthesoldier.你真勇敢，为士兵做了这件事情。句中的you是形容词和不定式的共同主语。用于这一句型的形容词中学课本中出现的还有:careful，careless，clever，courageous，foolish，good，honest，nice，polite，right，silly，wise，wrong，grateful，naughty等。注意：此类形容词绝大多数是说明某人品质、特性或行为方式的主动形容词。2、动词不定式作宾语接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： decide,desire,expect,hope,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,undertake,want,wish,agree,manage等。我们可用这样一个虚构词“merdowphfla”，其汉语谐音为，磨豆腐喽”帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m-mean（打算）,manage（设法）；e-expect（期盼）；r-refuse（拒绝）；d-dare（敢），desire（渴望）,determine（决心），decide（决定）,demand（要求）；o-offer（企图）;w-want（想要），wish（希望）；p-promise（^应），pretend（假装）,plan（计划）；h-hope;fail（失败）,l-long（渴望），learn（学习）；a-ask（要求），arrange（安排）。例如：Ihavedecidedtobeagoodteacher.我决定要当一位好教师。Herefusedtocometotheparty.他不肯来出席这个晚会。Thatstrangeraskedtoseethemanager.那位陌生人要求见经理。Ifeartooffendhim.我怕得罪他。Idon,tcaretoseehimagain.我不愿再见到他。We,vearrangedtodropbyatsixo,clock..我们已经安排在六点钟访问。Hefailedtofollowtheinstructions.他没有按照说明书来做。Thegirlhadnochoicebuttocry.那女孩除了哭以外，就没有别的选择。注意：①在can,thelpbut,can,tchoosebut,can,tbut，hadbetter,wouldrather,ratherthan和do but/except/besides结构中，后面的动词不定式符号“to”常常省略。例如：Mr.Chengcouldn'thelpbutleave.程老师只好离开。Icoulddootherthingsbesidesplayfootballafterschool.放学后，我除了踢足球还可以做其它事情。Theboycandoeverythingbutspeak.那男孩什么都能做，除了说话。Youhadbetterleavehereforthemoment.你最好暂时离开这儿。IwouldratherstayathomeonSunday星期天我宁愿呆在家里。Hepreferstoworkonthefarmratherthandohishomeworkathome.他宁愿在农场干活也不愿意在家做作业。②动词不定式作宾语，后面又有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式放在后面。例如：Wefounditdifficulttolearnaforeignlanguage.我们发现学习外语很困难。Ithinkitwrongtocomelateforclass.我认为上课迟到是不对的。③在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、补语的动词不定式再次出现时，to后面的内容常常承前省略（to留下），但如果有助动词have或be的任何形式,应该保留原形be或have。例如：—Who,dliketogowithme?—I'dliketo.—谁想跟我一起去？一我。Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国已经不过去的中国了。一Youarelate.Yououghttohavecomefiveminutesago你迟到了。你应该五分钟以前到。—IknowIoughttohave.我知道我应该。3、动词不定式作宾语补语例如：Weexpectyoutobewithus.我们希望你和我们在一起。Pleaseaskhimtocomeherequickly.请叫他快过来。注意：接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。主语+hear（listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,feel,have,let,make）sbdo…即hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,feel,have,let,make后面接动词不定时作宾语补足语不带to。例如：Isawhimgooutjustnow.我刚才看见她出去了。Hemadeusdoalotofhomework.他让我们做很多作业。这些动词可以用下面口诀帮助记忆。不定式作宾补何时不带to？下面口诀给予帮助。 二听、五看、一感觉，使役动词有三个， help可带,可不带（to），所以把它排在外。 二听：hear,listento五看：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat一感觉：feel三个使役动词：have,let,make例如：Shefeltsomebodytouchherhair.Sheletmereadherdiary.Imadehimtellthetruth.Didyouhearhimsaythatyourself?Wehavetohelpthem(to)cleanthetown.注意：变为被动语态时要加to。Hewasmadetotellthetruth.4、动词不定式作表语WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。Themosturgentthingistofindtheboyimmediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。5、动词不定式作定语Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。6、不定式作状语不定式作状语可以作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、表程度状语。Englishisdifficulttolearn.英语很难学习。Theproblemiseasytodealwith.这问题很好处理。It’stoodarkforustosee太0黑我看不见东西。Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.问题简单要他回答不值得。Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。SheismakingatesttogetakindofusefulmedicinefromaTibetflower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。①不定式作目的状语可以用inorderto或soasto表示，但soasto不能放在句首。例如：Inordertogotokeyuniversity,hestudieshard.为了上重点大学，他学习很用功。Hesatinthefrontinorderto/soastoseemoreclearly.=Hesatinthefrontsothat/inorderthathecouldseemoreclearly.为了看得更清楚，他坐在前排。（目的）Hewenttoabigcityinorderto/soastofindagoodjob.=Hewenttoabigcitysothat/inorderthathecouldfindagoodjob.为了找一个好工作，她去了大城市。（目的）②动词不定式作结果状语常常可以用以下结构。soasto；so+adj/adv+astodo…如此 以致；enoughtodo…足够做 ；too+adj/advtodo...太 而不能 ；such.astodo…如此 以致例如：Hesatinthefrontsoastoseemoreclearly.=Hesatinthefrontsothathesawmoreclearly.他坐在前排，结果看得更清楚。（结果）Shegotupearlysoastocatchthefirsttrain.=Shegotupsoearlythatshecaughtthefirsttrain.他起床很早结果赶上了早班车。（结果）Hewassokindastogivemealotofhelp.他很善良结果帮了我很多忙。Theboyisoldenoughtojointhearmy.那孩子达到了参军的年龄。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他还不到上学的年龄。Heissuchagoodmanastohelptheoldwomangetoffthebus.他就是这样一^个好人扶老人下汽车。③动词不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的结果常常用onlytodo结构。例如：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经走了。Wewaitedfortwohours,onlytobetoldtocomethenextday我们等了两个小时，结果告诉我们次日再来。Hearrivedlateonlytofindthetraingone.Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.四分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。1、分词的否定形式。not十分词Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait.不知道下一^步干什么，她停下来等着。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesn'tdaretogotoschool.小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校2、分词的时态分词的一般式表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。Seeingtheteachercomingin,thestudentsstoppedplaying.看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。Comingintotheroom,helayonhisbed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。Havingreceivedaletter,Ikneweverythingisallright.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。Havinghadmysupper,Iwentoutforawalk.晚饭后，我出去散步了。Havingknownthathewonthematch,hethrewthecapintothesky.他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。3、分词的被动形式分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。Theentertainmentbuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。Havingbeenpraised,hefeltveryhappy.受到表扬以后，他感到非常高兴。Beingpunishedeveryday,mysonwouldnotgotoschool.因为天天受罚，我儿子不愿意上学了。4、分词在句中的作用分词在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语，补语。1）分词作定语Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中国是一^个发展中国家。That'saninterestingstory.这是一^个有趣的故事。HiswrittenEnglishisgood,buthisspokenEnglishisbad.虽然他书面英语很好，但他口语不好。2）分词作状语分词（短语）在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等。①时间状语Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.听到这个好消息他高兴得跳起来。现在分词短语作状语表示时间可以在前面加上while或when。Whendrinkingtosomeone,shealth,youshouldraise^yOU某如的健康干杯的时候，你应举起杯子。Youdonotneedtoworryaboutalltheruleswhilehavingdinnerwithyourfriends.你跟朋友一起吃饭的时候不必担心一切规矩。②原因状语Nothavingfinishedhishomework,thestudentwaspunished.因为没有完成作业，学生受到了惩罚。Toldbytheteacher,sheknewshewaswrong.经老师一^说，她知道自己不对。Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.因为埋头思考，差一\点撞到汽车上。③伴随状语Theboycamein,followinghisparents.男孩跟着她父母进来了。Sheisthere,waitingforus.她在那儿等我们呢。Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.老师进来了，后面跟着几个学生。④条件状语Givenalittlemoretime,Icoulddotheworkbetter.如果给我多一点时间，我会把工作做得更好。Timepermitting,wewillgotoplay.时间允许的话我们去玩。⑤结果状语Thepoormandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.可怜的老人死了没有给孩子们留下任何东西。3）分词作表语Thestoryisinteresting.故事有趣。Weareinterestedincomputer.我们对计算机感兴趣。Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯破了。Thewaterisboiled.水是开的。注意：表示心理状态的动词excite,interest,surprise,worry,disappoint,encourage,frighten,please,puzzle等的过去分词作表语时，主语通常为人；其现在分词作表语时，主语通常是物。Allfeltexcitedatthenews.Theyweretoofrightenedtospeak.IamsurprisedatwhathesaidThenewsisexciting.4）分词作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。have后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。Ihavemyhaircut.我理发了。（是别人给我理发）Shehasherbikerepaired.她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）Theyhavetheirhouserebuilt.他们重修了房子。5）过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明句子的宾语。过去分词作宾语补足语时具有以下特点：过去分词（done）常表示动作的完成、状态或动作的全过程。Wefoundtheyoungworkerbeatenblackandblueallover.我们发现那位年轻工人浑身被打得青一块紫一块。宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在着被动关系。Hefoundhishousebrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.他发现他家被人闯入很多东西被偷。常带有过去分词作宾语补足语的动词可分为三类:表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,find等。Wefoundeverythingaroundcompletelychanged.我们发现周围的一切都变了。HehadneverheardawordofEnglishspokenbeforecomingtoEngland..他来英国之前从来没听人说过英语。Sheheardthedoorshutwithabang.她听见门咣的一声关上了。Iwasgladtoseethechildrenwelltakencareof.我很高兴地看到孩子们受到了很好的照顾。表示"致使”意义的动词：make,get,have,keep等。wekeptthosedocumentslockedinasafeplace.我们将那些档案锁在了一个安全的地方。Hekeptthewindowsshutalltheyear.他全年都关着窗户。Let,shavethemoredifficultquestionsansweredfirst.我们先来回答较难的问题。Hehadhisfilmsdevelopedatthesametime.他将胶片一^起冲洗。Hestoodupinordertomakehimselfseenbyothers他站了起来，为的是让别人看见他。Youmustgetyourbicyclerepairedbeforestarting.你必须在出发之前将自行车修好。表示希望要求等意义的词：like,want,wish,order,expect等。Iwantnoneofyouinvolvedinthematter.我不想让你们中任何一个人卷入此事。Youdon,twantyoursonkilled,doyou?你不想让你的儿子被杀死，是吧？Welikethedisputessettled.我们希望解决争端。Thereaderswishedtheserialstorycontinued.读者希望继续刊登那篇连载小说。注意：作宾语补足语的过去分词如与宾语之间是被动关系必须是及物动词，若是不及物动词，后面须加相应的介词。Shewashappytohearherbabywelllookedafter.她高兴地听到她的宝宝受到很好的照顾。（after不能丢掉，因为look在本句中为不及物动词，不能单独作为过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动）在see,watch,hear,observe,listento接动词-ing表示动词-ing的动作正在进行，接不带to动词不定式则表示不定式动作已经完成。Isawhimgoout.我看见他出去了。（我看见他出去的全过程。）Iheardhersinginginthenextroomjustnow.我刚才听见她在隔壁唱歌。（我听见她正在唱l.Whynotyourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan,tfinishitbyyourself?A.ask,writeB.toask,writingC.ask,writingD.asking,write.一Hi,Tom!CanyoutellmewhenforLondon?—Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A.leavingB.leaves C.toleaveD.areyouleaving.一MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?-Sorry,you’dbetteritlikethat.A.nottodoB.notdo C.don,tdoD.notdoto.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomethingtheold.A.served B.toserve C.serve D.serves.Thefruitsaladtastesdelicious.Couldyoutellme?A.wheretodoit B.whentodoitC.whattodo D.howtodoit.Peterisbusyatschool,butheneverforgetsexerciseeveryday.A.working,doingB.working,todoC.atwork,do.---Whydidyoubuyaradio?---English.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Belearning.--DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?---Yes,Heisthefirstmanonthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalk D.walked.—Haveyoumadeupyourmindthesickkids?—Bysingingsongs.A.whattotell B.howtocheerupC.whentohelp D.wheretolookafter.Thedoctordidwhathecouldthedyingman.A.saveB.tosaveC.savedD.saving.Theglobalfinancial仃15]$（金融危机）hasmademanypeopletheirmoney.A.tocareforB.tookcareofC.becarefulwithD.tobecaredabout12.-Mum,canIhavesomething?-Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereisinthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelse B.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelse D.eating;nothingelse.Wemustdoeverythingwecanwastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.keepB.keptC.tokeepD.keepingo.Myroommateoftenasksmehertoplaychess.A.teach B.teaching C.toteach.He’llusewhathehasheranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought16XiaoLisaidshewouldratherjoinus.A.didnotB.tonotC.notD.notto.Theoldladydidn,tknowwhenthehousecaughtfire.A.howtodoB.howtodoitC.whattodoD.whattodo。.TheteacheraskedBenadifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswer D.answered.Everyoneshouldknowtosavethemselveswhenafirebreaksout.A.whetherB.whatC.whenD.how。.---WhatshouldwedotofightA/H1N1flu?---Weshouldwashhandsoften,avoidtocrowdedplacesandsoon.A.goB.going C.goneD.togo.Thewomanmadehissonfinallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughed B.tolaughC.laugh D.laughing.WhenwepracticespeakingEnglish,weoftenendupinChinese.A.tospeak B.speakingC.spoken D.spea.TherearesomanykindsofMP5intheshop.Wecan,tdecide.A.whattobuy B.tobuywhatC.whichtobuyD.tobuywhicho.---Howaboutintheriverwithus?-SorryIcan,t.Myparentsoftentellmethat.A.swim,don’tdoB.swim,todoC.swimming,notdo D.swimming,nottodo25——moreabouttomorrow,sweather,call121.一OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.ToknowD.Known26.---Don,tforgetmyparentswhenyouareinBeijing.---OK!Iwon,t.A.tosee B.sees C.seeingfthequestionincorrectly,questionwillbegiventoyou.A.isanswered,other B.answer,otherC.isanswered,another D.answer,another---Myfootballsocksareout.---Howlonghaveyouthem?A.worn,bought B.wearing,hadC.wearing,bought D.worn,had一YourEnglishisprettygood!Howaboutsomeadvicetome?一Withpleasure.A.give B.givesC.giving一Pleaserememberthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,Iwill.A.turnoff B.toturnoff C.turningoff.Theboyislookingforwardtoagoodtimeaftertheexam.A.tohave B.has C.havingD.haveTheteachertoldthestudentsanyfoodintothecomputerroom.A.nottobring B.notbringC.don,tbringD.bringnot一Wedon'thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend.Shallwegoouttogether?一OK.Whataboutamovie?A.tosee Bseeing C.tosee D.seesTherearesomanykindsofcomputersintheshop.Ireallydon'tknowtochoose.B.whichA.what34.I,dlikeyouforapicnicwithus.A.go B.togo C.goingC.howD.whereD.wentAsteenagers,we,reoldenoughwithhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A.tohelp B.helping C.helpedDannydidallkindsofthingstomaketheba