华中世纪星数控铣床说明书

数控技术课程设计说明书设计题目数控机床操作与仿真加工华中世纪星数控铣床专业班级：学生姓名：学号：指导教师：2011年11月12日目录序言·························································31型腔的加工··············································31.1零件图的分析··················································31.1.1表面粗糙度················································31.1.2表面粗糙度················································31.2零件工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备··················51.2.1确定装夹方案，定位基准，编程原点，加工起点，换刀点········51.2.2制定加工方案及加工路线····································51.2.3刀具的选用················································51.2.4确定加工参数··············································51.2.5制定加工工艺卡片··········································51.3编制加工程序··················································51.4使用仿真软件进行仿真加工······································61.4.1选择机床··················································61.4.2定义毛坯··················································61.4.3安放夹具·················································81.4.4放置零件·················································91.4.5激活机床并车床回零·······································101.4.6对刀并设置长度补偿····································111.4.7设置工件坐标系·········································151.4.8导入程序并自动加工·····································162凸台沟槽的数控铣削编程加工·····························182.1零件图的分析··················································182.1.1零件图样·················································182.1.2表面粗糙度···············································182.2零件工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备··················182.2.1确定装夹方案，定位基准，编程原点，加工起点，换刀点········182.2.2制定加工方案及加工路线···································182.2.3刀具的选用···············································182.2.4确定加工参数·············································192.2.5制定加工工艺卡片·········································192.3编制加工程序·················································192.4使用仿真软件进行仿真加工······································192.4.1选择机床·················································192.4.2定义毛坯·················································202.4.3安放夹具·················································212.4.4放置零件·················································222.4.5选择刀具·················································232.4.6激活机床并车床回零····································242.4.7对刀并设置长度补偿·································242.4.8设置刀具偏置··································282.4.9导入程序并自动加工·································293字母的数控铣削编程加工··························313.1零件图的分析·················································313.1.1零件图样·················································313.1.2精度分析·················································313.1.3表面粗糙度···············································313.2零件工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备··················313.2.1确定装夹方案，定位基准，编程原点，加工起点，换刀点········313.2.2制定加工方案及加工路线···································313.2.3刀具的选用···············································313.2.4确定加工参数·············································313.2.5坐标值计算·············································323.2.6制定加工工艺卡片·········································323.3编制加工程序··················································323.4使用仿真软件进行仿真加工·····································333.4.1选择机床·················································333.4.2定义毛坯·················································333.4.3安放夹具·················································343.4.4安放零件·················································353.4.5选择刀具·················································363.4.6激活机床·········································3.4.7对刀并设置长度补偿····························3.4.8设置刀具偏置············································3.4.9导入程序并自动加工································参考文献··························································44序言数控技术课程设计实习是高等本科机械专业中重要的一个实践环节。是在学生学完技术基础课和专业课进行的。是培养学生理论联系实际、解决生产实际问题能力的重要步骤。通过对数控机床加工程序的编制，使学生综合运用所学知识，进行一次数控技术的实践性训练。从而培养学生具有加工编程能力，初步设计计算能力以及分析和处理生产中所遇到的数控技术方面技术问题的能力。由于能力有限，设计尚有许多不足之处，希望老师给予指教。1型腔的加工1.1零件图的分析1.1.1零件图样图1-SEQ图1-\*ARABIC1加工零件如上图，是一个槽形零件，由直线插补完成，材料为10低碳钢，毛坯尺寸为：，采用铣床加工。1.1.2表面粗糙度加工的内壁面有粗糙度为的要求，对于粗糙度要求，主要是通过选用合适的刀具及其几何参数，正确的加工路线，合适的切削用量及冷却液等措施来保证。1.2工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备1.2.1确定装夹方案，定位基准，编程原点，加工起点，换刀点由于毛坯为长方形，用工艺板夹紧定位。由于工件结构简单，换算容易，故编程原点选为毛坯的上端面左前顶点。1.2.2制定加工方案及加工路线根据工件的形状及加工要求，选用数控铣床加工。数控系统选用华中世纪星数控铣床。确定加工工艺路线为：从左向右，从前向后，分为三个循环，最后再从左向右走刀，上述整个过程再循环三次。1.2.3刀具的选用由于工件内轮廓圆弧倒角为。故选择的刀具直径尺寸应为的平底立铣刀。刀具为硬质合金涂层刀具。1.2.4确定加工参数主轴转速（n）：硬质合金材料的刀具切削低碳钢工件时切削速度，根据资料及加工经验，取v,根据公式，主轴转速取1.2.5制定加工工艺卡片表1-1零件的加工工艺表1-1零件的加工工艺卡工步号加工内容刀具S(主轴转速)r/minF(进给量)mm/min1直线插补T0112001002圆弧插补T0112001003钻孔T0112001001.3编写加工程序采用绝对值编程，绝对值坐标用X`、Y地址表示，且坐标尺寸采用小数点编程。加工程序如表1-3所示。表1-2加工程序表1-2加工程序程序号O001编程系统华中世纪星程序简要说明%001;N10G90G54;N20M03S1200;N30G00Z10;N40X14Y14;N50Z2;N60M98P0002L1;N70G91G01Y-42;N80X-72;N90Y42;N100X72;N110G90G00Z2;N120X66Y35;N130G01Z-8N140G03X66Y35R-16F100;N150G00Z2N160X50Y35N170G01Z-8N180G90G00Z2;N190X0Y0;N200M05;N220G91G28X0Y0Z0;N220M02;%002;N10G91G01Z-6F100;N20M98P0003L3;N30G01X72;N60M99;%0003;N10G91G01X72F100;N20Y7;N30X-72;N40Y7;N50M99;主程序名绝对方式编程，建立工件坐标系主轴正转，1200r/minZ向快速移动到工件上表面10mm处刀具中心快速移动到点（14,14,10）Z向定位到点（14,14,2）调用002子程序1次增量方式，Y向直线插补X向直线插补Y向直线插补X向直线插补绝对方式编程，Z轴退到2mm处刀具中心快速移动到点（66,35,2）Z向走刀逆时针圆弧插补，插补整个圆快速抬刀刀具中心快速移动到点（50,35,2）Z向走刀快速抬刀快速移动到工件原点主轴停止返回到机床坐标原点程序结束子程序名增量方式，Z向进刀调用O03子程序3次X向插补子程序结束并返回主程序子程序名增量方式，X向走刀Y向走刀X向走刀Y向走刀子程序结束并返回主程序1.4使用仿真软件经行仿真加工1.4.1选择机床打开菜单“机床/选择机床”指令后，选择控制系统类型和相应的机床，并按“确定”按钮。这里所选控制系统类型为华中世纪星系统，“机床类型”选择“铣床”，并按“确定”按钮。选择好机床后，界面右侧显示它的加工范围等重要参数如图1-2所示：图1-21.4.2定义毛坯打开菜单“零件/定义毛坯”单击“定义毛坯”指令后，参数设定为“毛坯1、10低碳钢、如图1-3所示。图1-31.4.3安装夹具打开菜单“零件”单击“安装夹具”指令后，弹出对话框如图1-4，选择毛坯1，夹具选择工艺板。图1-41.4.4放置零件打开菜单“零件”单击“安装零件”指令后，弹出对话框，选择毛坯1，点击安装零件，如图1-5。点击上下左右键移动夹具到合适位置，如图1-6。图1-5图1-61.4.5激活机床并回零点击“急停按钮”使其由变成状态。点击按钮，按+X，直到变成。同样的操作使变成。此时CRT显示屏如图1-7所示。图1-71.4.5选择刀具打开菜单“机床/选择刀具”选择刀具并确认如图1-8所示：图1-81.4.6对刀并设置长度补偿（1）X和Y方向对刀点击菜单“机床/基准工具””按钮，选择弹性棒，如图1-9；点击按钮，使其指示灯亮，再利用按钮进行手动操作；直到工具和工件较为接近，选择厚度为的塞尺检验，如图1-10所示；点击按钮，使其指示灯亮，再按，显示手轮，进行微调，直到塞尺检验合适，如图1-11所示。点击“测量/剖面图测量”，在“选择测量平面”中选择“Y-Z”此时，系统自动测出X轴坐标，如图1-12。同样操作可得Y方向的对刀值，如图1-13.。图1-9图1-10图1-111-12图1-13（2）Z方向对刀拆除基准工具，将01号刀添加到主轴上，类似X对刀方式，并用厚度为的塞尺检验，直到提示信息显示“塞尺检验结果：合适”；点击“测量/剖面图测量”，在“选择测量平面”中选择“X-Y”此时，系统自动测出Z轴坐标，如图1-14。图1-141.4.7设置工件坐标系在控制面板上点击进入子页面，如图1-15，点击，依次输入X轴、Y轴、Z轴的坐标值X-550，Y-450，Z-378，并分别摁输入，显示界面如图1-16。返回并摁下，输入G54，如图1-17。图1-16图1-171.4.8导入程序并自动加工点击，选择路径如图1-18，点击确认。图1-18点击按钮，并点击，加工结果如图1-19。图1-192沟槽的数控铣削编程加工2.1零件图的分析2.1.1零件图样图2-1加工零件如图2-1，是一个沟槽形零件，由直线插补和圆弧插补完成，材料为10低碳钢，毛坯尺寸为：，采用铣床加工。2.1.2加工的内壁面有粗糙度为的要求，对于粗糙度要求，主要是通过选用合适的刀具及其几何参数，正确的加工路线，合适的切削用量及冷却液等措施来保证。2.2工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备2.2.1由于毛坯为长方形，用工艺板夹紧定位。由于工件结构简单，换算容易，故编程原点选为毛坯的上端面左前顶点。2.2.2根据工件的形状及加工要求，选用数控铣床加工。数控系统选用华中世纪星数控铣床。确定加工工艺路线为：从前向后，从左向右，从后向前，从右向左。2.2.3选择的刀具直径尺寸应为的平底立铣刀。刀具为硬质合金涂层刀具。铣削深度为3mm。2.2.4主轴转速（n）：硬质合金材料的刀具切削低碳钢工件时切削速度，根据资料及加工经验，取v,根据公式，主轴转速取1.2.5制定加工工艺卡片表2-1零件的加工工艺表2-1零件的加工工艺卡工步号加工内容刀具S(主轴转速)r/minF(进给量)mm/min1直线、圆弧插补T011000802孔加工T011000802.3编写加工程序采用绝对值编程，绝对值坐标用X`、Y地址表示，且坐标尺寸采用小数点编程。加工程序如表2-2所示。表2-2加工程序表2-2加工程序程序号O001编程系统华中世纪星程序简要说明%002;N10G90G54;N20M03S1000;N30G00X15Y5;N40Z10;N50G01Z-3F80;N60Y85;N70X105.796;N80G03X125Y76.037R15;N90G01Y27.804;N100X102.071Y5;N110X15;N120G00Z10;N130X70Y50;N140G01Z-3F80;N150G00Z100;N160G91G28X0Y0Z0;N170M05;N180M02;程序名绝对方式编程，G54工件坐标系主轴正转，1000r/min快速定位至（15,0,0）快速定位至（15,0,10）Z向进给Y向进给X向进给逆时针圆弧插补Y向进给倒角X向进给快速抬刀快速定位至（70,50,10）Z向进给快速定位至（0,0,100）返回机床原点主轴停止程序结束2.4使用仿真软件经行仿真加工2.4.1选择机床打开菜单“机床/选择机床”指令后，选择控制系统类型和相应的机床，并按“确定”按钮。这里所选控制系统类型为华中世纪星系统，“机床类型”选择“铣床”，并按“确定”按钮。选择好机床后，界面右侧显示它的加工范围等重要参数如图2-2所示：图2-22.4.2定义毛坯打开菜单“零件/定义毛坯”单击“定义毛坯”指令后，参数设定为“毛坯2、10低碳钢、如图2-3所示。图2-32.4.3打开菜单“零件”单击“安装夹具”指令后，弹出对话框如图2-4，选择毛坯2，夹具选择工艺板。图2-42.4.4打开菜单“零件”单击“安装零件”指令后，弹出对话框，选择毛坯2，点击安装零件，如图2-5。点击上下左右键移动夹具到合适位置，如图2-6。图2-5图2-62.4.5点击“急停按钮”使其由变成状态。点击按钮，按+X，直到变成。同样的操作使变成。此时CRT显示屏如图2-7所示。图2-72.4.打开菜单“机床/选择刀具”选择刀具并确认如图2-8所示：图2-82.4.（1）X和Y方向对刀点击菜单“机床/基准工具””按钮，选择弹性棒，如图2-9；点击按钮，使其指示灯亮，再利用按钮进行手动操作；直到工具和工件较为接近，选择厚度为的塞尺检验，如图2-10所示；点击按钮，使其指示灯亮，再按，显示手轮，进行微调，直到塞尺检验合适，如图2-11所示。点击“测量/剖面图测量”，在“选择测量平面”中选择“Y-Z”此时，系统自动测出X轴坐标，如图2-12。同样操作可得Y方向的对刀值，如图2-13.。图2-9图2-10图2-112-12图2-13（2）Z方向对刀拆除基准工具，将01号刀添加到主轴上，类似X对刀方式，并用厚度为的塞尺检验，直到提示信息显示“塞尺检验结果：合适”；点击“测量/剖面图测量”，在“选择测量平面”中选择“X-Y”此时，系统自动测出Z轴坐标，如图2-14。图2-142.4.8在控制面板上点击进入子页面，如图2-15，点击，依次输入X轴、Y轴、Z轴的坐标值X-570，Y-465，Z-378，并分别摁输入，显示界面如图2-16。返回并摁下，输入G54，如图2-17。图2-16图2-172.4.点击，选择路径如图2-18，点击确认。图2-18点击按钮，并点击，加工结果如图2-19。图2-193字母的数控铣削编程加工3.1零件图的分析3.1.1图3-1加工零件如图3-1，是字母的加工，由直线插补插补完成，材料为10低碳钢，毛坯尺寸为：，采用铣床加工。3.1.2加工的内壁面有粗糙度为的要求，对于粗糙度要求，主要是通过选用合适的刀具及其几何参数，正确的加工路线，合适的切削用量及冷却液等措施来保证。3.2工艺分析及确定工艺路线，选择数控机床设备3.2.1由于毛坯为长方形，用工艺板夹紧定位。由于工件结构简单，换算容易，故编程原点选为毛坯的上端面左前顶点。3.2.2根据工件的形状及加工要求，选用数控铣床加工。数控系统选用华中世纪星数控铣床。确定加工工艺路线为：从左向右。3.2.3选择的刀具直径尺寸应为的平底立铣刀。刀具为硬质合金涂层刀具。铣削深度为2mm。3.2.4主轴转速（n）：硬质合金材料的刀具切削低碳钢工件时切削速度，但由于刀具直径较小，根据经验及查资料取v,根据公式，主轴转速取3.2.5表3-1零件的加工工艺表3-1零件的加工工艺卡工步号加工内容刀具S(主轴转速)r/minF(进给量)mm/min1直线插补T011000502孔加工T01100050圆弧插补，加工圆T011000503.3编写加工程序采用绝对值编程，绝对值坐标用X`、Y地址表示，且坐标尺寸采用小数点编程。加工程序如表3-2所示。表3-2加工程序表3-2加工程序O003编程系统华中世纪星程序简要说明%003;N10G90G54;N20M03S1000;N30G90G00X13Y17;N40G43Z10H01M07;N50G01Z-2F50;N60X33Y47;N70G00Z6;N80X13;N90G01Z-2;N100X33Y17;N110G00Z6;N120X38Y47;N130G01Z-2;N140X48Y32;N150Y17;N160G00Z6;N170X58Y47;N180G01Z-2;N190X48Y32;N200G00Z6;N210X63Y47;N220G01Z-2;N230X83;N240X63Y17;N250X83;N260G00Z6;N270X23Y10;N280G01Z-2;N290G00Z6;N300X48Y10;N310G01Z-2;N320G00Z6;N330X73Y10;N340G01Z-2;N350G00Z6;N360X12Y32;N370G01Z-2N380G03X12Y32R-4F50;N390G00Z6;N400X92Y32;N410G01Z-2N420G03X92Y32R-4F50;N430G00G49Z0;N440M09M05;N450G91G28X0Y0Z0;N460M02;程序名绝对方式编程，G54工件坐标系主轴正转，1000r/min快速定位到点（13,17,0）Z轴快速定位，调用1号长度补偿，切削液开Z向进给刀具切削至点（33,47，-2）快速抬刀快速定位到点（13,47,6）Z向进给刀具切削至点（33，17，-2）快速抬刀快速定位到点（38,47,6）Z向进给刀具切削至点（48，32，-2）Y向进给快速抬刀快速定位到点（58,47,6）Z向进给刀具切削至点（48，32，-2）快速抬刀快速定位到点（63,47,6）Z向进给X向进给刀具切削至点（63，17，-2）X向进给快速抬刀快速定位到点（23,10,6）Z向进给快速抬刀快速定位到点（48,10,6）Z向进给快速抬刀快速定位到点（73,10,6）Z向进给快速抬刀快速定位到点（12,32,6）Z向进给逆时针圆弧插补，加工整圆快速抬刀快速定位到点（92,32,6）Z向进给逆时针圆弧插补，加工整圆取消刀具补偿，Z轴快速回到机械原点切削液关，主轴停止返回到机床原点程序停止3.4使用仿真软件经行仿真加工3.4.1选择机床打开菜单“机床/选择机床”指令后，选择控制系统类型和相应的机床，并按“确定”按钮。这里所选控制