考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

It’sinyourbest（）toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.

问题1选项

A.sake

B.benefit

C.advantage

D.interest

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒烟对你最有利，因为你有一些呼吸问题。beinsb’s(best)interest(s)(todosth)=bethebestthingforsomeone，因此D选项正确。

2.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

3.单选题

Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.respect...crucial

B.dismissal...simplistic

C.skepticism...unfathomable

D.opposition...indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。respect“尊敬，尊重”；crucial“重要的,决定性的”；dismissal“解雇，免职”；simplistic“过分简单化的，过分单纯化的”；skepticism“怀疑论，怀疑的态度”；unfathomable“深不可测的，无底的”；opposition“反对，反对派”；indisputable“不容置疑的，不可争辩的”。句意：令科学家困惑的是，尽管他的理论被一致认为是不容置疑的，但是还是遭到了反对。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.（2）theywerenotenough.Something（3）wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen（4）individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew（5）ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho（6）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolution（7）frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere（8）inventorsthanscientists.Amanwhoisa（9）scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearch（10）.Heisnotnecessarilyworking（11）thathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninvestororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis（12）tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcrete（13）.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheories（14）scienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina（15）result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof（16）otherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho（17）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinvestors.Eventhosewhohad（18）ornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions（19）aground-workhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyears（20）.

问题1选项

A.cases

B.reasons

C.factors

D.situations

问题2选项

A.But

B.And

C.Besides

D.Even

问题3选项

A.else

B.near

C.extra

D.similar

问题4选项

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

问题5选项

A.origins

B.sources

C.bases

D.discoveries

问题6选项

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

问题7选项

A.came

B.arrived

C.stemmed

D.appeared

问题8选项

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

问题9选项

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

问题10选项

A.happily

B.occasionally

C.reluctantly

D.accurately

问题11选项

A.now

B.and

C.all

D.so

问题12选项

A.seldom

B.sometimes

C.usually

D.never

问题13选项

A.plan

B.use

C.idea

D.means

问题14选项

A.of

B.with

C.to

D.as

问题15选项

A.single

B.sole

C.specialized

D.specific

问题16选项

A.few

B.those

C.many

D.all

问题17选项

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

问题18选项

A.little

B.much

C.some

D.any

问题19选项

A.as

B.if

C.because

D.while

问题20选项

A.ago

B.past

C.ahead

D.before

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）名词辨析题。case事例,案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形势,状况。根据原文上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。

（2）考查逻辑连接词。根据上下文：上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。但是这些远远不够，此处应该填入表转折的连词，所以选项A正确。

（3）形容词辨析题。else意为“其他,别的”；extra意为“额外的,外加的”。文中表达的是“也需要其他条件”,而不是“额外条件”,所以选A。

（4）形容词辨析题。根据下一句,他们能够发明机器,说明人类是具有创造性的个体,选项D正确。

（5）名词辨析题。origin“起因,由来”；sources“来源,根源”；base“基础”；discovery“发现”。根据原文,找到新的权力来源符合逻辑。

（6）上下文推断题。根据上句的“inventmachines”以及下文的“inventors”可知这里应选create。句意：这些人发明了工业革命的机器。选项B正确。

（7）动词辨析题。comefrom“出自,来自”,与后面background搭配,意为“出于……背景”。stemfrom意为“起源于”；选项B、C不与from搭配。所以选项A正确。

（8）考查固定搭配。more…than…是固定搭配,意为“与其说……不如……”。句意：“与其说他们是科学家,不如说是发明家”。

（9）形容词辨析题。genuine“真正的”,practical“实际的”,pure“纯粹的,单纯的”,clever“聪明的”。句意：“一个纯粹的科学家主要致力于精确地进行科学研究。”

（10）副词辨析题。happily快乐地；occasionally间或,偶尔；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精确地。原文指科学家致力于精确地进行科学研究。选项D符合原文。

（11）考查固定搭配。sothat是固定搭配,表目的。原文指：他并不一定是为了利用他的发现而工作。所以选项D正确。

（12）副词辨析题。句意:“一个投资者或热衷于应用科学的人通常试图创造有使用价值的东西。”选项C符合原文。

（13）上下文推断题。根据下文“solveaproblembyusingthetheories”可推测，这里指：做一些实用的东西，所以选项B正确。

（14）介词辨析题。theoriesofscience指“科学的理论”。句意：他可能试图用科学的理论或通过反复试验来解决问题。选项A符合句意。

（15）形容词辨析题。single“单独的,一个人”；sole“独有的,单一的”；specialized“专门的”;specific“明确的”。根据句意：“他为了明确的结果而工作”。选项D正确。

（16）上下文推断题。根据原文句意：他为了明确的结果而工作，收割机的建设，灯泡的燃烧，或许多其他目的之一。这里指“许多其他目的中的一个”。所以选项C符合原文。

（17）动词辨析题。develop除了发展,还有“研制、开发”的意思,句意：工业革命中发明机器的大多数人都是发明家，而不是训练有素的科学家。选项B符合原文。

（18）上下文推断题。根据下文的“notraining”可知填空处也应该填入否定意义的词,只有little符合题意。

（19）考查逻辑连接词。句意：“没有科学家早年打下的基础,那些在科学上接受过很少或没有接受过教育的人就不可能有所发明创造”。if“如果,假使”符合原文,表示虚拟。

（20）副词辨析题。ago只与一般过去时连用,表示从现在角度看过去的某一时间；before用于过去完成时,表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作。这里指多年以前，且时态为过去完成时，所以选项D正确。

5.单选题

HeisconsideredtobeanoutstandingartistbutIconsiderhisworktobequite（

）.

问题1选项

A.mediocre

B.medium

C.moderate

D.intermediate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。mediocre意为“普通的”；medium意为“中等的，中级的”；moderate意为“有节制的”；intermediate意为“中间的，中级的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，再根据outstanding（杰出的）可知选A。

句意：他被认为是一位杰出的艺术家，但我认为他的作品十分普通。

6.翻译题

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】当一些美国人谈及英语的优点时，几乎总是一开始就赞美其词汇量之庞大，英语的词汇比任何其他语言的词汇至少多一倍。然而，吸引外国人的并不是词汇量大，相反，浩瀚的词汇很容易令外国人担忧。真正赢得外国人的是英语简练和淳朴的特征。尽管英语中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音节词，但我们却更多地使用短语，少用长词。而且，我们总是努力把长词缩短。以前使用puniligrion，现在缩短成了pun；昨天还是gasoline，今天已成为gas。欧洲没有任何一种其他语言有这么多由三个字母构成的单词，也没有如此多由四个单词构成的语言。“Firstcomes,firstserved（先到先供应）”便是典型的英语，因为它一目了然、朴实无华、短小精悍。

7.单选题

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

问题1选项

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些士兵的（）是保卫城镇。根据句意答案选A；关系代词whose在定语从句中职能作状语，不能作主语，所以C选项错误；介词+whom/which在定语从句中一般作状语，D选项不符语法，B选项不符题意。而且responsibility一般不与in搭配。

8.单选题

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists•or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof£768monrevenuesof£2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

问题2选项

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

问题3选项

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

问题4选项

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

问题5选项

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

问题6选项

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

问题7选项

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

问题8选项

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

问题9选项

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人们普遍认为,在过去一个世纪或更多时间调停这个交换（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会，作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会，也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。

3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事，一是他们的过程需要几个月，当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时，另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断，如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平，这一领域的工作人员必须阅读,没有降价的空间),可知A项“抗议他们（出版商）的速度慢和期刊的高价格”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干说“当科学论文通过同行评审时…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts（thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo）(他们（即出版商）组织同行评审，在该评审中专家们不具名地对论文进行评论（但是这些专家如论文的作者样很少为自己的工作而得到报酬）)。由此可知D项“科学家将评价自己领域其它科学家的工作”正确。

5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的确，爱思唯尔（世界领先的科技及医学出版公司）的利润被许多人认为是如此……，以致1.2万名研究者签名去联合抵制这家公司的期刊)。由此推测egregious的意思为“非常不合理的；过分的”。

6.细节事实题。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和绿色模式涉及出版前同行评审，但是第三种模式经常不用在出版前进行同行评审”知A项“在前两种（出版模式）中发生在出版前，在第三中（出版模式）发生在出版后”正确

7.推理判断题。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(这些组织的雄厚财力意味着至少在前几年这个期刊将甚至不需要出版费)及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(几个商业出版商正在试用金色模式的出版)。可推知“作者对传统的科学期刊出版商的担忧”，这为第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科学出版商没有觉得担心的话，那么他们应该开始担心了”提供了论据支持，故C项“为文章最后一段中的有力的断言提供了支持”正确。

8.推理判断题。根据题干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine（anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer）suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC医学》（斯普林格的一个开放阅览期刊）最近公布的调查显示开放阅览期刊被引用的广泛程度和传统期刊一样多)中的but“但是”表转折的对应可推测“MarkWalport先生担心开放阅览期刊相比传统期刊可能收不到应有的关注”，由此知D项“担心发布在开放阅览期刊和存放处上的好论文可能受不到它们应有的关注”正确。

9.主旨大意题。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的话来对教授Dijk的研究进行评价及文章A全文都在用报告的方式进行叙述,因此文章A是一个简单的报告文章，而文章B中大多数段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商确实也提供服务”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.还需要解决很多事情”等提出观点后再论证”知文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文，由此知B项“文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文，而文章A是一篇简单的报告文章”正确；

9.单选题

Intheschoollibrarythereisacollectionofforeignbooks___tothepublic.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.adjustable

C.admirable

D.adaptable

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.accessible易接近的；可使用的B.adjustable可调节的

C.admirable令人钦佩的；极好的D.adaptable能适应的

【考查点】形近词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意应该是有一大批外国图书可供公众查阅。A选项accessible“可使用的”，accessibleto可表示“可得到的”可引申为此句所需要的逻辑。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】学校图书馆里有一批供公众阅读的外国书籍。

10.单选题

The（

）ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientist.

问题1选项

A.advent

B.adverse

C.advert

D.advise

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。句意：电子计算机的出现为科学家的数据分析开辟了新的道路。advent“来临”，名词；adverse“不利的；相反的”，形容词；advert“引起注意”，动词；advise“建议”，动词。根据题意，选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.

问题1选项

A.grounds

B.reason

C.excuse

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查onthegroundof“以……为理由，根据”。句意：他总是以身体不好为由拒绝他们的邀请。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute“认为······是；把······归于”；distribute“分配，散发”；contribute“贡献”；scatter“分散，散开”。句意：有些矿藏很常见，有些则是区域性分布，还有些是地球上罕见的。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

问题1选项

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。inaway意为“在某种程度上”；intheway意为“妨碍”；ontheway意为“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。

14.单选题

Heneverexertshimselftoaidthosetryingto（

）adifficultsituation.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.modify

C.solidify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；modify“修改；更改”;solidify“团结；凝固”；verify“核实；查证”。句意：他从不帮助那些试图矫正困境的人。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Churchill’sinspiringspeecheshelped______hiscountrymentofightagainsttheenemy.

问题1选项

A.rally

B.ally

C.resemble

D.ramble

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rally召集；集合B.ally与……结盟

C.resemble看起来像；显得像D.ramble漫步；漫谈

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息tofightagainsttheenemy（与敌人作战）可知，______hiscountrymen是指“召集他的国民”，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】丘吉尔鼓舞人心的演说帮助他的国民团结起来与敌人作战。

16.单选题

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

问题1选项

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized