考研考博-英语-哈尔滨华德学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨华德学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ireallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually___fromit.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.refrained

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevented“预防，防止；阻止”；B选项restrained“抑制，控制；约束；制止（多用于refrainfromdoingsth.指克制自己以避免做某事）”；C选项refrained“节制，克制（以防变得过于激烈、强硬或直白）；避免；制止（通过拘留、上手铐等方式阻止囚犯等的暴力行为）（多用于restrainsb.fromdoingsth.）”；D选项restricted“限制，约束（使之不超过需要的范围，如大小、规模等）；限定（活动或行为）”。句意：我真想在会上说点什么，但最后还是___了。根据固定搭配restrainsb.fromdoingsth.可知本句表达“最后忍住了”，因此C选项正确。

2.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Whileabsorbingtheoutstandingachievementsofforeigncultures,wecannotbesatisfiedwithsimpleimitation.Indulgenceinsimpleimitationwoulddepriveusofcreativitysothatwewillnotbeabletoachieveanewartisticsophisticationorpresentourownexcellentworkstotheworld.Simpleimitationcannotbeequatedtonewconceptionatall.Thelatterisacombinationofmodemandtraditionalstyle,acombinationofforeignnations’andourownnation’scharacteristics,andacombinationofartisticandeducationalquality.

Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomainthemesoftheworldtoday.Maintainingglobalpeace,enhancingfriendshipandcooperation,andpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationsofallpeoples.Atpresent,worldwidestabilityanddevelopmentarethreatenedbysuchseriousproblemsaspoverty,unemployment,refugeeflows,crimes,populationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugabuse,andterrorism.Thoughdifferentintheirnationalconditions,Chinasaidwesterncountriessharebroadcommoninterestsonawiderangeofmajorinternationalissues.IamhappytoseetheimprovementandexpansionofChina’srelationswiththem.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplestandreadytomakeacontributiontotheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmenttogetherwiththegovernmentsandpeoplesofallcountries,includingthoseofwesterncountries,onthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit.

【答案】在吸收外国文化的优秀成果时，我们不能满足于单纯的模仿。沉溺于单纯模仿会让我们失去创造力，致使我们无法达到一个新的艺术程度或向世界展示我们自己的优秀作品。单纯的模仿无法等同于新观念。后者是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本国特色的结合，是艺术素质与教育素质的结合。

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平、增进友谊与合作、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民流动、犯罪、人口爆炸、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等严重问题威胁着世界的稳定和发展。中国表示，尽管西方各国国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上有着广泛的共同利益。我很高兴看到中国与他们的关系得到改善与发展。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

3.单选题

InAmerican’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,GideonV.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairtrialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircriminal-justicesystem—thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretreatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense—abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyor,ifthatfails,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.

“Wehaveawealth-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRight.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughter-house.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”

Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemadeheroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolice,prosecutorsandprisonshassteadilyclimbedinthepastdecade,increasingthenumberofpeoplechargedandimprisoned,spendingonindigentdefensehasnotkeptpace,overwhelminganalreadyhard-pressedsystem.

1.Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.

3.Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatistheauthor’sspecificpurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.wealthy

B.criminal

C.poverty-stricken

D.innocent

问题2选项

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyer

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourt

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeople

问题3选项

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.

问题4选项

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.

问题5选项

A.Toappealformorepublicspendingoncourtdefenseforthepoor.

B.TocriticizeAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem.

C.TodrawattentiontotheinjusticeoftheAmericanlegalsystem.

D.Tomakeasuggestiononhowtomendthecriminal-justicesystem.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Theword“indigent”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans____.“indigent”（第一段）这个词最有可能的意思是____。

A.wealthyA.富有的

B.criminalB.有罪的

C.poverty-strickenC.非常贫困的

D.innocentD.无辜的

【答案】C

【考查点】词汇推测题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词indigent和Paragraph1定位到原文第一段第三句，该句提到“最高法院一致裁定，____的被告必须由国家出资聘请律师（beprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense），因为在严重的刑事案件中，没有律师就不可能有公平的审判。”通过这类被告需要“由国家出资聘请律师”可知，他们自己是请不起律师的，因此，C选项“非常贫困的”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A选项“富有的”、B选项“有罪的”、D选项“无辜的”，均不能从原文找到依据。

第2题:【选项释义】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably____.从文章中可以推断，O.J.Simpson可能是____。

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyerA.一个因为雇了一个很好的律师而被判无罪的人

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpenseB.一个因为国家出钱请了律师而胜诉的人

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourtC.被拒绝请律师而在法庭上败诉的人

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeopleD.他是一位杰出的律师，为普通穷人打赢了许多官司

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词O.J.Simpson定位到原文第一段第二句，该句提到“问O.J.Simpson。”本段第一句提到“在美国激烈的对抗性法律体系中，优秀的律师是必不可少的（agoodlawyerisessential）。”根据文章行文逻辑可知，本段先提出一个观点（第一句），再通过Simpson的例子说明这个观点（第二句）。由此推断，Simpson应该是一名因为请到了一名优秀的律师而胜诉的人，A选项“一个因为雇了一个很好的律师而被判无罪的人”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“一个因为国家出钱请了律师而胜诉的人”，“国家出钱请了律师”是后文的内容，并且这个案件的当事人是GideonV.Wainwright，这个内容与Simpson无关，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“被拒绝请律师而在法庭上败诉的人”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“他是一位杰出的律师，为普通穷人打赢了许多官司”，原文没有依据说明Simpson是个律师，该选项属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Whatisthatauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?作者如何看待美国的对抗性法律制度？

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.A.它是法律面前人人平等理想的体现。

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.B.它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系统。

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.C.事实上，它对富人有利，但对穷人不利。

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.D.这种做法本质上是不公平的，应该进行彻底改革。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词America’sadversariallegalsystem定位到原文第三段。本段第1句提到“我们有一个以财富为基础的（awealth-basedsystem）司法体系”；第2-3句提到“对富人来说，它是镀金的（gold-plated）。对于一般的穷人来说，这就像被赶到屠宰场一样（beingherdedtotheslaughter-house）。在许多地方，对穷人来说，对抗性法律制度几乎不存在。”由此可知，这个以财富为基础的制度对于花了很多钱的富人来说还是有利的，对于穷人来说是不利的，C选项“事实上，它对富人有利，但对穷人不利”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它是法律面前人人平等理想的体现”，可定位到原文第一段最后一句，该句提到“当时，这一决定被誉为正义的胜利，体现了美国致力于法律面前人人平等的理想。”由此可知，原文“法律面前人人平等理想的体现”指的是“最高法院关于贫穷的被告必须由国家出资聘请律师的决定”。并且原文第二段第二句提到“事实远非如此”。因此，该选项属于曲解原文；

B选项“它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系统”，可定位到原文第二段第一句。该句提到“这是大多数美国人对他们的刑事司法系统的印象（theimage）——世界上最公平的（thefairestintheworld）……”本段第二句提到“事实远非如此”。因此，作者并不认为美国的司法体系是世界上最公平的，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“这种做法本质上是不公平的，应该进行彻底改革”，作者虽然在原文中表达了这种体系不公平的观点，但并没有说要进行彻底的改革，该选项属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?下列哪个陈述是正确的？

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.A.律师经常以低报酬甚至不要报酬努力为穷人提供辩护。

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.B.随着犯罪率的上升，美国的政客们对犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了。

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.C.在美国，如果一个人拒绝接受下级法院的判决，他总是可以向最高法院上诉。

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.D.政府提供的律师往往会走一遍辩护的程序，并且结果是他们无法与检察官匹敌。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】题干要求选择表述正确的选项。第二段最后一句提到“今天，许多贫穷的被告（indigentdefendants），包括那些面临长期监禁甚至死刑的人，都要接受‘与他们见面并为他们辩护的’辩护——在简短的咨询中，一个忙碌或不称职的律师（aharriedorincompetentlawyer）鼓励他们认罪，如果失败，在短时间的审判中挣扎，辩方被一个更有经验、薪水更高、准备更充分的检察官远远超过（thedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedby）。”由此可知，由政府出资聘请律师，非常的不负责任，只是走一遍与被告见面、为被告辩护的程序，往往输给比他们更有水平、更负责的检察官，D选项“政府提供的律师往往会走一遍辩护的程序，并且结果是他们无法与检察官匹敌”表述正确，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“律师经常以低报酬甚至不要报酬努力为穷人提供辩护”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，该句提到“许多律师为一些特定的被告付出了巨大的努力，收取的报酬很少或不要报酬，但律师的慈善事业只能处理小部分案件（onlyatinyfractionofcases）。”选项中“经常”与原文“小部分的案件”矛盾，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；

B选项“随着犯罪率的上升，美国的政客们对犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“但在过去的二十年里，政客们急于严厉打击犯罪（theeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime），他们不愿支付公共辩护律师的费用”，由此可知，政客们对犯罪的容忍度并没有提高，而是降低了，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰；

C选项“在美国，如果一个人拒绝接受下级法院的判决，他总是可以向最高法院上诉”，可定位到原文第二段第二句，该句提到“一系列限制上诉理由的（restrictingthegroundsforappeal）最高法院判决”，由此可知，最高法院正限制被告的上诉，与选项中always不符，因此，该选项表述错误，属于反向干扰。

第5题:【选项释义】

Whatistheauthor’sspecificpurposeinwritingthispassage?作者写这篇文章的具体目的是什么？

A.Toappealformorepublicspendingoncourtdefenseforthepoor.A.呼吁更多的公共开支用于穷人的法庭辩护。

B.TocriticizeAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem.B.批评美国激烈的对抗性法律体系。

C.TodrawattentiontotheinjusticeoftheAmericanlegalsystem.C.让人们注意到美国法律制度的不公正。

D.Tomakeasuggestiononhowtomendthecriminal-justicesystem.D.提出完善刑事司法制度的建议。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题要选的是作者的具体意图。原文第一段提出“在美国激烈的对抗性法律体系中，优秀的律师是必不可少的”，并且指出“最高法院一致裁定，必须为贫困的被告提供一名由国家出资的律师”；第二段提到“政府不愿意支付公共辩护律师的费用”以及限制上诉，导致了很多问题；第三段提到“美国的司法体系以财富为基础，对富人有利，对穷人不利”；最后一段最后一句提到“在过去的十年里，警察、检察官和监狱方面的支出稳步攀升，被起诉和监禁的人数不断增加，而用于贫困的被告上的支出却没有跟上步伐，使本已不堪重负的系统更加不堪重负。”由此推断，通过本文，作者是在呼吁提高用于为贫困的被告聘请律师的支出，A选项“呼吁更多的公共开支用于穷人的法庭辩护”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“批评美国激烈的对抗性法律体系”，虽然在原文也有体现，但A选项更具体；

C选项“让人们注意到美国法律制度的不公正”，虽然在原文也有体现，但A选项更具体；

D选项“提出完善刑事司法制度的建议”，原文并未提出相关建议，该选项属于无中生有。

4.单选题

WhenyouwatchafootballgameonaSaturdayafternoon,youfeelsecureinyourknowledgeofwhatwillhappenwhenaplayerbootstheball.Itfirstgoesupandthenitconiesdown.That’showitis,was,andwillbe—unless...ifthekickersomedayshouldkicktheballsuchthatattheinstantitlefthistoeitweretravelingupwardatarateof11.2kilometerspersecond(25,000mhr).Wewouldfindthatwewouldnothavetoworryaboutapuntreturn,becausetheballsimplywouldnotcomedown.Thisparticularspeedistheescapevelocityofanobjectfromtheearth.Atthisspeed,anyobject,largeorsmall,willescapefromtheearthtosoarforeverupwarduntilcapturedbythegravitationalattractionofsomeotherplanetorheavenlybody.Atfirstthoughtitmightseemthataheavyobjectmightrequireagreaterinitialspeedtoescapefromthesurfaceoftheearththanalighterone,rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject.Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway.

Theconceptofescapevelocityappliestoobjectsassmallasatomsandmolecules.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedprimarilyofoxygenandnitrogen,anditcontainspracticallynotraceofhydrogenorhelium,thelightestelements.Alltheatomsofagastravelinrandommotionatveryhighspeeds,andthelessmassiveatomsandmoleculestravelatthegreatestspeeds.Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield.

Themoonhasaweakergravitationheldthantheearth.Theescapevelocityofanobjectonthemoonisabout2.4kilometerspersecond,andeventheheaviergaseshaveenoughspeedtoescapethemoon.Thisexplainswhywefindnoatmospherethere;anygasesthatmaybereleasednearthemoonquicklyescape.

1.Onlywhenaballexceeds11.2kmpersecondcanit（

）.

2.Inordertoescapefromtheearth,aheavierobject

（

）.

3.Heliumisnotfoundintheearth’satmospherebecause

（

）.

4.Thereisnoatmosphereonthemoonbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.reachotherplanets

B.makeagoal

C.escapefromtheearth

D.goupwards

问题2选项

A.demandsagreaterinitialspeedthanalighterone

B.demandsasgreataninitialspeedasalighterone

C.mustbemadelighterthanitsoriginalweight

D.hastoovercomeagreatergravitythanalighterone

问题3选项

A.itsmovingspeedwellexceeds11.2kmpersecond

B.itlefttheatmospherelongagoinsearchofanotherplanet

C.itsmovingspeedisnotgreatenoughtoreachtheatmosphere

D.itislighterandcannotbethrownupwards

问题4选项

A.itisdryandlifeless

B.ithasagreaterescapevelocity

C.nogasesareproducedbyitself

D.itcannotholdsuchgasesasoxygenandnitrogentoit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能够让一个足球离开地球，那么也足够将一个保龄球（或一辆货车）送离地面”（Asaresult,ifavelocityof11.2kilometerspersecondisenoughtocausealootballtoescapefromtheearth,itisalsoenoughtosendbowlingball(orfreightcar)onitsway），因此选项C“逃离地球”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“为了离开地球，一个较重的物体……”。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“物体下落的方式与物体的质量无关”（rememberthatthewayobjectsfall(ormoveupwardagainstgravity)isindependentofthemassoftheobject），选项B“需要的初始速度与较轻物体的一样”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“地球大气中没有氦气的原因是……”。文章第二段提到地球的大气主要有氧和氮组成，几乎没有氢和氦，质量轻的其他速度超过了11.2千米每秒的临界值，因此它们没有停留在地球，而是在太空中（Infact,thelightergasesgosofastthattheirspeedsaregreaterthanthecriticalspeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.Thustheyhavelongagoleftourcomfortablehomeandarenowwanderingthroughspaceinsearchofamorehospitablegravitationalfield），由此可以推测氦气的速度超过了11.2千米每秒，选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“月球上没有大气的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物体的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是较重的气体也有足够的速度逃离月球，这就是为什么月球上没有大气的原因，由此可知选项D“它不能将氧和氮这样的气体留在里面”符合题意。

5.单选题

Theapartmentwas（）as$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.

问题1选项

A.automated

B.assessed

C.asserted

D.avenged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项automate“使自动化”，B项assess“评定，估价”，C项assert“坚持，断言”，D项avenge“报复，报仇”。句意：这套公寓的估价为5万美元，房主决定卖掉它。根据句意，该题选B正确。

6.单选题

ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUnitedStatescouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasithasalsobeenastruggleforrights,forequalaccess.Tomanyreformistblackcivilrightsactivists,whobelievedthatdesegregationwouldofferthehumanizingcontextthatwouldchallengeandchangewhitesupremacy,theissueofrepresentation—controloverimages—wasneverasimportantasequalaccess.（1）

.RogerWilkinsemphasizesthispointinhisrecentessay“WhiteOut”.

Inthoseinnocentdays,beforedesegregationhadreallybeentried,beforetheNewFrontierandtheGreatSociety,manyofusblackshadlovely,naivehopesforintegration…Inournaivete,webelievedthatthepowertosegregatewasthegreatestpowerthathadbeenwieldedagainstus.Itturnedoutthatourexpectationswerewrong.

（2）

.

Thoughourpoliticsdiffer,Wilkins'sobservationsechomyinsistence,intheopeningessayofBlackLooks:Representation,thatblackpeoplehavemadefew,ifany,revolutionaryinterventionsinthearenaofrepresentation.

Inpart,racialdesegregation—equalaccess—offeredavisionofracialprogressthat,howeverlimited,ledmanyblackpeopletobelessvigilantaboutthequestionofrepresentation.

（3）

.Thisleadstoaculturalcontextinwhichimagesthatwouldsubvertthestatusquoarehardertoproduce.Thereisno“perceivedmarket”forthem.Norshoulditsurpriseusthattheerosionofoppositionalblacksubcultures(manyofwhichhavebeendestroyedinthedesegregationprocess)hasdeprivedusofthosesitesofradicalresistancewherewehavehadprimarycontroloverrepresentation.

（4）

.

Nowonder,then,thatracialintegrationhascreatedacrisisinblacklife,signaledbytheutterlossofcriticalvigilanceinthearenaofimagemakingbyourbeingstuckinendlessdebateovergoodandbadimagery.

（5）

.Photographybegantohavelesssignificanceinblacklifeasameans—privateorpublic—bywhichanoppositionalstandpointcouldbeasserted.Amodeofseeingdifferentfromthatofthedominantculture.Everydayblackfolksbegantoseethemselvesasnothavingamajorroletoplayintheproductionofimages.

问题1选项

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

问题2选项

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

问题3选项

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

问题4选项

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

问题5选项

A.Currently,contemporarycommoditizationofblacknesscreatesamarketcontextwhereinconventional,evenstereotypical,modesofrepresentingblacknessmayreceivethegreatestreward

B.Theaftermathofthiscrisishasbeendevastatinginthatithasledtoarelinquishmentofcollectiveblackinterestintheproductionofimages

C.Astimehasprogressedandthefaceofwhitesupremacyhasnochanged,reformistandradicalblackswouldlikelyagreethatthefieldofrepresentationremainsacrucialrealmofstruggle,asimportantasthequestionofequalaccess,ifnotmoreimportant

D.Whenweconcentrateonphotographyinblackhomesasacriticalintervention,adisruptionofwhitecontroloverblackimages

E.Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction

F.Sinceno“white”galleriesdisplayedimagesofblackpeoplecreatedbyblackfolks,spaceshadtobemadewithindiverseblackcommunities

G.Thegreatestpowerturnedouttobewhatithadalwaysbeen:thepowertodefinerealitywhereblacksareconcernedandtomanageperceptionsandthereforearrangepoliticsandculturetoreinforcethosedefinitions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:G

第3题:E

第4题:F

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.空格句的上一句提到了“whitesupremacy白人至上主义”，这与C项中的“whitesupremacyhasnochanged白人至上主义没有改变”形成对应，所以C选项正确。

第2题:2.空格前一句提到“thegreatestpower最强的力量”，这与G项中的“thegreatestpower最强的力量”形成对应，所以G选项正确。

第3题:3.空格前一句提到“ledmanyblackpeopletobelessvigilantaboutthequestionofrepresentation导致很多黑人更少警惕形象问题”，这与E项中的“Significantly,nationalistblackfreedommovementswereoftenconcernedonlywithquestionsof‘good’and‘bad’imagery值得注意的是民族主义黑人自由运动经常只关心‘好的’与‘不好的’形象问题”形成对应，所以E选项正确。

第4题:4.空格前一句提到“thosesitesofradicalresistance那些积极反抗的场所”，这与F项中的“galleries美术馆”这一场所形成对应，所以F选项正确。

第5题:5.空格前一句中提到的“acrisis一场危机”，这与B项中的“Theaftermathofthiscrisis这场危机的后果”形成对应，所以B选项正确。

7.单选题

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobe