考研考博-英语-四川工业科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川工业科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

________theendofthewhalingindustrycamehardtimesforseaportslikeNewBedfordandNantucket.

问题1选项

A.With

B.Wasit

C.That

D.Moreover

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：（）捕鲸业的终结，像新贝德福和南塔开特这样的港口迎来了艰难的时刻。withtheendof是固定搭配。因为这里是介词短语提前，所以主句用了完全倒装。选B选项会造成句子有两套主谓结构，不符合语法。C选项“那个”，D选项“此外”不符合句意。

2.单选题

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

问题1选项

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短语搭配。Which指先行词theextent，空格处词语应与theextent相搭配，构成to……extent。B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thebanknoteswhichhadfooledmanybanktellerswerediscoveredtobe（

）.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.defective

C.counterfeit

D.faulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。artificial意为“人工的，人造的”；defective意为“有缺点的”；counterfeit意为“伪造的，仿造的”；faulty意为“不完美的，有错误的”。

句意：欺骗了许多银行出纳员的钞票被发现是假币。

4.单选题

Malelionsremainalooffromtheday-to-dayactivitiesoftheirfamilies.

问题1选项

A.upwindof

B.exhaustedfrom

C.separatefrom

D.boredwith

【答案】C

【解析】alooffrom意为“远离”。upwindof逆风地；exhaustedfrom筋疲力尽的；separatefrom分离；boredwith对……厌倦。选项C与之意思相近，符合原句语境。

5.单选题

Pennyhaddroppedthelargetowel,whichwasflungaroundhershoulders,andwasrunningintothesea.“Comeon,”shesaid.“I’llraceyou.”

Nicholastookoffhisbeach-wrapandfollowedherintothewater.Itwaschillyenoughtomakehimgaspbuthesteepedinbravely,andcontinueduntilhewasuptohiswaistandthendived,comingupclosetoherside.Thenhesetoffatasteadyrhythmiccrawlfortheboat,aboutfiftyyardsaway.

“Hi!”shoutedPenny,chasingafterhim.“Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!”“Ineversaidso.”Nicholascalledbackandhewentfaster,findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater.Theearlymorningsunshonewarmlyonhiswetheadandtheseasparkled.Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless,buthappierthanhehadeverbeensincethenightofthecrash.Heknewheswamwell.Hehadbeentaughtbyaprofessionalteacherwhenhewasonlysevenandsincethenhehadbathedinmostoftheoceansoftheworld.Itwastheonlysportallowedtohimandhehadmadethemostofit.

Pennypulledherselfupintotheboatandsatbesidehim,laughing.“Youlittlemonkey!”shesaid.“AndtherewasmesayingI’dteachyoutoswim.”

“Itwasverykindofyou,”saidNicholassedately,buthiseyessmiled.

“You’llhavetogoinfortheracesinAugust,”shetoldhim.“You’llbeatanyonewe’vegothere!”

“Oh,Idon’tthinkI’dbeallowed,”beganNicholas,butPennybrokein,“Whyonearthnot?Don’tforgetyou’reNickyFieldnow,notanyonespecial.Whyshouldn’tyougoinforracesifyouwantto?”

Notanyonespecial!NicholasWakefieldturnedthisoverinhismind.Didhelikeitordidn’the?Foraslongashecouldrememberhehadbeensomeoneveryspecialindeed.Thegreatestpeopleintheworldofmusichadwatchedhimatthepiano,andwhereverhewenthehadtobeprotectedfrompressmenandphotographers.IntelevisionstudiosallovertheworldhehadreceivedVIPtreatment.Butnow,justforafewweekshewasnotspecialatall,andonlygoodatswimming.Hewasgoingtolikeit!Somehowitallseemedawonderfuljoke.

1.ToenterthewaterNicholas____.

2.Whydidhefeelsatisfied?

3.Whenhereachedtheboathefelt____.

4.PennycalledNicholasa“littlemonkey”because____.

5.WhatdidNicholasWakefieldfindfunny?

问题1选项

A.divedinheadfirst

B.jumpedinuptohiswaist

C.crawledintothewater

D.walkedingradually

问题2选项

A.He’ddonereallyfastforthecrawl.

B.Hefelthe’dimpressedhisgirlfriend.

C.He’ddoneexactlywhathe’dbeentaught.

D.Hefoundhishandsweren’tstiffanymore.

问题3选项

A.alittlebittired

B.shortofbreath

C.painfulinhishands

D.proudofwinningtherace

问题4选项

A.hehadplayedtricksonherinthewater

B.hehadletherthinkhecouldn’tswim

C.hehaddivedinandchasedher

D.hehadpretendedhedidn’tlikeswimming

问题5选项

A.TheTVmenandphotographershadn’tbeenabletofindhim.

B.Penny’swayofgettingintotheboat.

C.HewasgoingtogiveconcertsforafewweeksunderthenameofNickyField.

D.Hewasjustgoingtobeanordinarypersonforafewweeks.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

ToenterthewaterNicholas____.为了下水，尼古拉斯____。

A.divedinheadfirstA.头朝下跳入水中

B.jumpedinuptohiswaistB.跳到了到他腰部的水中

C.crawledintothewaterC.爬进了水里

D.walkedingraduallyD.慢慢地走了进去

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“天冷得他倒抽了一口气，但他还是勇敢地浸入水中，一直浸到腰部，然后潜入水中，靠近她的身边。”由此可知他是浸入水中的，可推断他是慢慢走到水里然后让腰部浸入水中。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“头朝下跳入水中”，根据推断可知，他是慢慢走进水中然后浸入水中的，并不是跳入，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“跳到了到他腰部的水中”，根据推断可知，他是慢慢走进水中然后浸入到他腰部的水中的，并不是直接跳到水中，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“爬进了水里”，他是先浸入水中，然后再爬进水里，该选项属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

Whydidhefeelsatisfied?为什么他感到满足？

A.He’ddonereallyfastforthecrawl.A.他爬得非常快。

B.Hefelthe’dimpressedhisgirlfriend.B.他觉得他给女朋友留下了深刻的印象。

C.He’ddoneexactlywhathe’dbeentaught.C.他完全按照老师教的去做。

D.Hefoundhishandsweren’tstiffanymore.D.他发现自己的手不再僵硬了。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第三句“他高兴地发现，他受伤的手在水里轻松地移动着。（findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater）”由此可知，他的手在水中移动着，可推断，他的手不再僵硬不动了。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他爬得非常快。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“他觉得他给女朋友留下了深刻的印象。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“他完全按照老师教的去做。”，文中提到“他七岁的时候就被一位专业的老师教过，从那时起，他就沐浴在世界上大部分的海洋中。”，但是在此处并没有说他完全按照老师教的去做，也并不是因为此原因而感到满足，该选项属于过度推断。

3.【选项释义】

Whenhereachedtheboathefelt____.当他到达船上时，他感到____。

A.alittlebittiredA.有点累了

B.shortofbreathB.呼吸急促

C.painfulinhishandsC.双手疼痛

D.proudofwinningtheraceD.因为赢得了比赛而自豪

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第五句“他上气不接下气地来到船边（Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless），但从撞船的那天晚上以来，他从来没有这么高兴过。”由此可知他到达船上以后有点呼吸急促。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有点累了”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“双手疼痛”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“因为赢得了比赛而自豪”，虽然尼古拉斯更早的到达船上，但是并没有说他因为赢得比赛自豪，该选项属于过度推断。

4.【选项释义】

PennycalledNicholasa“littlemonkey”because____.佩妮叫尼古拉斯“小猴子”是因为____。

A.hehadplayedtricksonherinthewaterA.他在水里捉弄了她

B.hehadletherthinkhecouldn’tswimB.他让她以为他不会游泳

C.hehaddivedinandchasedherC.他跳进水里追她

D.hehadpretendedhedidn’tlikeswimmingD.他假装不喜欢游泳

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第一、二句“佩妮追着他喊道。‘我以为你不会游泳呢！（Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!）’”以及第四段“‘你小猴子！’她说。‘我还说要教你游泳呢。’”由此可推断佩妮以为尼古拉斯不会游泳。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他在水里捉弄了她”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“他跳进水里追她”，曲解原文，属于过度推断；

D选项“他假装不喜欢游泳”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

WhatdidNicholasWakefieldfindfunny?尼古拉斯•韦克菲尔德觉得什么好笑？

A.TheTVmenandphotographershadn’tbeenabletofindhim.A.电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他。

B.Penny’swayofgettingintotheboat.B.佩妮上船的方式。

C.HewasgoingtogiveconcertsforafewweeksunderthenameofNickyField.C.他打算用尼基•菲尔德的名字开几周的演唱会。

D.Hewasjustgoingtobeanordinarypersonforafewweeks.D.他只打算做几个星期的普通人。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一段倒数第三行“在世界各地的电视演播室里，他受到了贵宾待遇。但现在，仅仅几个星期，他就一点也不特别，而且只是擅长游泳。他会喜欢的!不知何故，这一切似乎都只是一个绝妙的笑话。”由此可推断，尼古拉斯以前是一个名人，但是现在他仅仅是一个只擅长游泳的普通人，这一点让他感到好笑。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他。”，文中只是提到以前无论他走到哪里，都得保护他不受记者和摄影师的骚扰，但没有说现在电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他，该选项属于过度推断；

B选项“佩妮上船的方式。”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“他打算用尼基•菲尔德的名字开几周的演唱会。”，文中只是说他可以作为尼基•菲尔德参加比赛，没有说开演唱会，该选项属于无中生有。

6.单选题

（）theheavypollution,thecityofficialshavedecidedtocancelschoolfortheday.

问题1选项

A.Prior

B.Bymeansof

C.Dueto

D.Through

【答案】C

【解析】prior在前的，优先的；bymeansof依靠；dueto由于；through从头到尾，彻底。句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为twotheories（两种理论），空格后面的“concerning”为动词的现在分词做后置定语，因此空格处应填入一个谓语动词，四个选项中，只有C项可做谓语。句意：古希腊的天文学家创立了两种关于地球在宇宙中的位置的理论。

8.翻译题

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Solution-orientedandindustry-based,ourstudiesfocusonidentifyingissuesandlocatingsolutionsbesidestheoreticalconstructionsandpolicyrecommendations.Interdisciplinaryandcomparative,theresultsofourstudiesaresharedthroughMobileCampus,co-organizedMobileWorkshopsandotherchannelstooffercustomizedcoursesandservicesfromdifferentperspectives.

Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

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不管你信不信，大多数人呼吸方式都不正确，这会让人昏昏欲睡。但是通过横膈膜——使肺部充盈和收缩的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸气和呼气。有意识地放松你的下巴、喉咙、肩膀和上胸部。

随着中国好声音的热度逐渐退去，湖南卫视的一档名为《我是歌手》的音乐节目越来越受欢迎。演出邀请许多专业音乐人士参赛。与使用传统的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，这档节目中由500名观众来决定台上明星们的命运。让我们来看看由一首经典情歌改编成的摇滚乐如何将我们带入充满激情的摇滚乐世界中。

9.单选题

Hehasspentallthemoneyandmadeno（

）forthefuture.

问题1选项

A.proverb

B.provision

C.prospect

D.province

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项proverb“谚语，格言”；B选项provision“规定，条款，供应品”；C选项prospect“前途，预期”；D选项province“领域，职权”。句意：他花光了所有的钱，没有为将来做准备。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thetownsquarereallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitis（

）

问题1选项

A.illuminated

B.decorated

C.furnished

D.inhabited

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。illuminated“被照明的”；decorated“装饰的，修饰的”；furnished“家具，有家具的”；inhabited“有人居住的”。句意：当灯光照亮时，夜晚的城市广场看上去真的很宏伟。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

问题4选项

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.随着喜马拉雅山脉的形成和该地区相对突然的干旱，动物和植物的数量急剧减少。随后发生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川进一步变薄。”可知D项“藏族生活的多样性减少”正确。

2.判断推理题。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代难以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品种很少，所以用藏茶来补充因蔬菜摄入不足所缺乏的营养。B项“茶叶与发酵牦牛酥的营养混合物”；A项“—种绿茶，类似于汉族的篮炒绿茶”。C项“经过细致过滤的深棕色茶品”。D项含高咖啡因的饮品。既然是要补充蔬菜摄入不足导致的营养缺乏，自然要用有营养的物质来替代。故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。本文中没有涉及作者的研究和经历，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中讲到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A项“基于第一手经验”；B项“终身学习的结果”；C项“限于地质历史”；D项“仅从书本中获得”故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并没有打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤是文化决定因素的观点。一个区域的生态只造成该区域居民所面临的一些问题，虽然一种文化所面临的问题对其发展很重要，但这些问题并没有决定它的发展。”可知C项“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地区的文化，共享土壤和气候，本质上是相同的。”正好与孟德斯鸠的观点相符。

5.细节事实题。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期结束后，现存的来自原始大陆物种的生命种类只有几个。”可知A项“原产于大陆气候”正确。

12.单选题

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

问题1选项

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项staff“职员”；B选项sustenance“生计”；C选项ingredient“原料，要素”；D选项component“成分，组件”。题干提到，官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，其中也提到劳动者，可推测劳动者的生计问题受到关注，可知B选项正确。句意：他们帮助官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，处理组织、指导和广大劳动者的……所涉及到的无数的细节。因此B选项正确。

13.案例题

Touristsareguilty,sowearefrequentlytold,ofanumberofcrimes:upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas,parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries,wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame,debauchingthelocalpeasantryandgenerallyloweringthetoneofeverywheretheychoosetosettheirbenightedfeet.Rarelyhasagroupofpeoplebeensowidelyreviled,andIamoneofthem.Soareyou.I'vebeenatouristinProvenceforabout15yearsnowoftenonthereceivingendofcriticismormildabusefrompeoplewhoaccusemeofhaving"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.Curiously,thesecomplaints,whicharesometimesoffensiveandinvariablyveryshrill,donotcomefromtheProvencethemselves,whoseemtoregardmeasafairlybenevolentoddity,butfrommyfellowtourists.

FromtheirvantagepointsinLondonorBrusselsorBoston,theydeplorewhattheysayhashappenedtoProvence.Theyknow,frominvestigationscarriedoutduringtheirbriefannualvacations,thatProvencehaschanged.Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,bakersrunoutofbread,waitersrunoutofpatience,thereisnowheretoparkandnobody—butnobody—canbefoundtofixaleakingpool.

MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsagowiththearrivalofGreeksfromPhocea,whofoundedMarseille.Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.Thencameabadpatch,withthearrivalofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranks.Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.Here,perhaps,iswhereithaditsstart:thereputationoftouristsasslobs.

Aftermanyyearsofon-the-spotobservation,Iwouldliketoputinagoodwordforthismuch-malignedspecies.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthesevisitorsareamiableandconsideratepeoplewhowantnothingmorethanquietenjoyment.TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.Ofcoursetherearecrowds,particularlyinJulyandAugust,butthesetendtobeconfinedtothetownsandpostcardvillages.Forthosewhowantsolitude,beautifulandemptycountrysideisonlyashortdriveaway.

Personally,Ihaveneverfoundthetouristseasonintolerable;indeed,thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.Ifitweren'tforthemoneythattourismbrings,manyofthechateauxandgardensopentothepublicwouldbecomederelict;monumentswouldbelefttocrumble;manyrestaurantscouldneversurviveonlocalcustomalone;itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.Rurallifewouldbethepoorer.

Obviously,thisisnottrueeverywhere.Somepartsoftheworldhavebeensothoroughlyoverexploitedthattheyhavelostwhatevercharmtheyoncepossessed.Thisisusuallytheresultoflocalgreed;butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Touristsarefrequentlycriticized(1)theecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayasand(2)chewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumandartgalleries.Theyarealsoblamedfortheir(3)whilevisitingNotreDame.MyfellowtouristshavereviledmeforhavingdestroyedProvence(4).Theyhavemadealotofcomplains(5).Forinstance,therehavebeenthebusiermarkets,higherprices,(6)restaurants,cafetablesandparkinglots,(7)emptybakeriesandimpatientwaiters.Yet,Provencebegan(8)over2,600yearsago.ThelocalswelcomedGreeks(9),andRomans(10),viaductsandamphitheaters.ButthoseofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranksbroughtthetouristsinto(11)byterrifyingtheinhabitantsand(12).Accordingmyobservation,Iwouldliketosayafewwords(13)thosemuchblamedtourists.Mostofthemareamiableandconsiderate,andtheycamemostlytothetownsandpostcardvillagesinProvenceinJulyandAugustjustforsunshine,(14),thefood,thewine,apleasantbreakfromreallife.IbelieveProvencehasbeen(15)totourism(16)thechateaux,gardensandmonuments,and(17)concertsandvillagefetesinthedistricts.Butusuallythetouristis(18)theblame(19)and(20)insomepartsoftheworld.

A.spectacularscenery

B.fortheholdingof

C.nottomention

D.grateful

E.thesmearingof

F.basedontheirownperspectives

G.itsmassivetourism

H.bywritingaboutit

I.ravagingthecountryside

J.fortheirspoilageof

K.shouldered

L.fortheoverexploitation

M.amiableandconsiderate

N.highoccupancyof

O.forthesurvivalof

P.thelostcharm

Q.poorbehavior

R.forthemonuments

S.disrepute

T.fortheircivilizinginfluence

【答案】1.J

2.E

3.Q

4.H

5.F

6.N

7.C

8.G

9.T

10.R

11.S

12.I

13.M

14.A

15.D

16.O

17.B

18.K

19.L

20.P

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“...upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas.”游客经常被批评，因为破坏了喜马拉雅山的生态平衡。所以，填空处为“fortheirspoilageof”，指损坏，糟蹋。

2.根据第一段的第一句“...parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries.”在博物馆和艺术画廊的长椅下放口香糖。所以，空格处应填"thesmearingof”，指弄脏。

3.根据“wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame.”可知，空格处应填“poorbehavior”，指不雅的行为。

4.根据第一段的倒数第二句“I'vebeenatouristinProvence...having"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.”我在普罗旺斯做了大约15年的游客，现在经常受到一些人的批评或轻微的辱骂，他们指责我通过写有关普罗旺斯的文章“毁了”这个地区。所以,空格处应填“bywritingaboutif”。

5.根据第一段的最后一句可知,他们的抱怨不是来自于普罗旺斯人,而是基于游客自己的观点。所以,空格处应填”basedontheirownperspectives”。

6.根据第二段的第三句“Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,...”市场更加拥挤，物价上涨，餐馆客满，阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人。所以,空格处应填“highoccupancyof"。

7.根据第二段的内容可知,市场更加拥挤,物价上涨,餐馆客满,阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人，更不用说卖空了的面包店和不耐烦的服务员。nottomention指更不用说。

8.根据第三段的第一句“MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsago...”可知，填空处应填“itsmassivetourism”。

9.根据第三段的第二句“Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.”希腊人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们对文明产生了影嘛并为当地人提供了工作。所以，空格处应填“fortheircivilizinginfluence”。

10.根据第三段的第二句“SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.”罗马人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们建造了纪念碑、高架桥和圆形剧场。所以，空格处应填“forthemonuments”。

11.根据第三段的最后两句可知，西哥特人、东哥特人和法兰克人以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。也许游客声誉受损就是从这里开始的。所以，空格处应填“disrepute”，odisrepute意为“使某人声誉扫地,使某人声名狼籍"。

12.据第三段的倒数第二句“Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.”可知，他们以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。所以，空格处应填“ravagingthecountryside”。

13.根据第四段的一二句可知，绝大多数的旅游者都是友好的，而且是考虑周到的。所以，空格处应填“amiableandconsiderate”。

14.根据第四段的第三句“TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.”他们来到普罗旺斯是为了享受阳光和壮丽的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受与现实生活的愉快休憩。所以应填“spectacularscenery"。

15.根据第五段的第一句“thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.”普罗旺斯应该对旅游业表示感谢。所以，空格处应填“grateful”。

16.根据第五段的内容可知，如果不是旅游业为普罗旺斯带来的经济效益，这里就会百业凋零。所以，空格处应填“forthesurvivalof"。

17.根据第五段的倒数第二句“...itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.”如果没有旅游业也就没必要举办音乐会或者乡村宴会了。所以应填“fortheholdingof”。

18.根据最后一段的最后一句“butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.”通常都是游客承担责任而不是开发商。所以，空格处应填“shouldered”。

19.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采,造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填"fortheoverexploitation”。

20.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采,造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填“thelostcharm”。

14.问答题

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefri