2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号47

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.问题1选项A.a companyB.a fluctuationC.an assortmentD.a matching【答案】C【解析】句意：西雅图的人口是由来自不同种族和文化背景的人组成的群体。conglomerate意为聚结，凝聚

2、成团。a company 一家公司；a fluctuation 起伏，波动；an assortment 分类，混合物；a matching匹配，一致。选项C与之意思最为相近。2.单选题然而, 研究人员在报告中提醒说, 相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说, 这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailments.B.However, researchers reminded in the repor

3、t that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailments.C.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments.【答案】A【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outwe

4、igh言简意賅， 最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。3.单选题法律真正的意义, 是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去, 而不是对此加以限制的。问题1选项A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.B.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a free and intelligent man to his p

5、roper interest.C.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest.【答案】B【解析】本句强调的是“意义”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除选项C；“真正的”这里用true比较好，real常用来指比较抽象的事物，所以选项B更准确。4.单选题1.Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses a

6、ppetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the co

7、ws and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.4.法律真正的意义，是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去，而不是对此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人员在报告中提醒说，相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说，这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们已经开发出了一种减肥药，它能成功地控制食欲，使体重显著下降，同时有明显

8、的不良反应。C.科学家们已经研制出了一种减食疗法的药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。问题2选项A.在美国农村，时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。B.在美国农村，一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上

9、几个月时间去地里种庄稼。问题3选项A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。问题4选项A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestB.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a fre

10、e and intelligent man to his proper interestC.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest问题5选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailmentsB.However, r

11、esearchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailmentsC.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.首先，“slimming drug”

12、应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。2.根据句意可知“growing season”不是直译为生长季节，而是指“农时”，所以首先排除选项A；这里的the year指的是“上学时间”，所以选项C最为恰当。3.本题的关键在于对引语的翻译，相比较之下，选项A翻译最为准确。4.本句强调的是“意义”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除选项C；“真正的”这里用true比较好，real常用来指比较抽象的事物，所以选项B更准确。5.“提醒”在本句中用remi

13、nd比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意赅，最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。5.单选题A series of rifle shots disturbed the （ ）of the camp grounds.问题1选项A.solidarityB.tranquilityC.equanimityD.propinquity【答案】B【解析】solidarity 团结；tranquility 宁静，平静；equanimity镇定；propinquity接近，邻近。句意：一连串的步枪射击打破了营地的宁静。选项B

14、符合语境。6.单选题During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to （ ）building materials to the upper floors.问题1选项A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl【答案】C【解析】toss投掷，颠簸，摇匀；tow拖，拽，牵引；hoist吊起，升起；hurl丢下，用力投掷。句意：在摩天大楼的建造过程中，起重机被用来把建筑材料吊到较高的楼层。 选项C符合句意。7.单选题Nowadays very few people are willing to be nurses, so I t

15、hink its extremely important for us to improve the （ ）of the nursing profession.问题1选项A.inquiryB.statusC.financeD.dilemma【答案】B【解析】inquiry探究，调查，质询; status地位，状态， 情形，重要身份；finance 财政，金融；dilemma 困境，进退两难。句意：现在很少有人愿意做护士，所以我认为提高护理专业的身份地位对我们来说是非常重要的。选项B更符合语境。8.单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was

16、 promoted to a manager after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。9.单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.问题1

17、选项A.justifyB.estifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 证明是正当的/有理由的，替辩护；testify 作证，证明，证实；rectify 改正，精馏，整流；verify 核实，查证。句意：在确信结果会证明她的长期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。选项A 符合语境。10.单选题The president appears to have been （ ）when he promised to try to balance the national budget.问题1选项A.in earnestB.in personC.in privateD.in

18、reality【答案】A【解析】in earnest 认真地，诚挚地；in person 亲自地；in private秘密地，私下地；in reality 实际上；事实上。句意：当总统承诺努力平衡国家预算时，他似乎是认真的。选项A符合句意。11.单选题Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.问题1选项A.intuitionB.reflectionC.meditationD.perception【答案】C【解析】句意： 牧师每天早晨花一个小时静静地沉思。contemplation意为“沉思”。intuition 直

19、觉；reflection 映像，反射；meditation 冥想，沉思，静坐；perception 洞察力，看法。选项C与之意思相近。12.单选题Johns evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following days tutorial.问题1选项A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，tutorial指辅导课，辅导材料。lecture 演讲，讲稿，教训；repor

20、t 报告，成绩单；quiz恶作剧，随堂测验；discussion 讨论。选项A最符合原文语境，所以正确。13.单选题Margaret Meads reputation was established with the publication of her book in 1928 and was enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.问题1选项A.obscuredB.entrancedC.heightenedD.restored【答案】C【解析】句意：enhanced意为“提高，增强”。obscured掩盖，

21、遮蔽；entranced着迷的，狂喜的；heightened提高，升高；restored修复，恢复。选项C与之意思相近。14.单选题Americans feel that using someones words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.问题1选项A.necessaryB.unbelievableC.acceptableD.equivalent【答案】D【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。eq

22、uivalent相等的，同意义的。选项D与之意思相近。15.单选题There is no reason to insult and （ ）the man simply because you do not agree with him.问题1选项A.depictB.enervateC.distortD.defame【答案】D【解析】depict 描述，描画；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，变形；defame 诽谤，中伤。句意：如果仅仅是因为你不同意他的观点，那么你没有理由侮辱和诋毁他。选项D 符合句意。16.单选题Mint is an herb that is well

23、 known for the aromatic oil distilled from all parts of the plant.问题1选项A.valuableB.fragrantC.medicinalD.flavorful【答案】B【解析】句意：薄荷是一种药草，因其各个部位可蒸馏芳香油而闻名。aromatic意为芳香的。valuable 有价值的，贵重的；fragrant 芬芳的，芳香的；medicinal 药用的；有益的；flavorful 可口的，充满 味道的。选项B与之意思最为相近。17.单选题While there is little systematic work relatin

24、g foreign language learning strategies to success, there are a number of observations which can be made about individuals who are good language learners.I have been able to isolate some of the individuals by observing students in classrooms in California and Hawaii, by observing myself and talking t

25、o other good language learners, by eliciting observations from some second language teachers. As I have begun to observe classes, what fascinates me is how often the teacher plows ahead with the lesson seemingly with little awareness of what is going on in each student, and often without directing t

26、he attention of the poorer students to how the successful student arrived at his answer. That is, many foreign language teachers are concerned with finding the best method or with getting the correct answer, yet the teachers fail to attend to the learning process. If they attended to it more, they m

27、ight be able to tailor their input to their students needs and might be able to provide their students with techniques that would enable them to learn on their own. Indeed, no course could ever teach all we need to know about a language, and the students must find the means to help themselves, when

28、the teacher is not around.The task of observing these strategies is a complicated one because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify. However, when our attention is focused on observing these strategies, I think we may

29、find it easier to isolate some of them. Just recently, I discovered that by using video tapes we hope to help learners and teachers see what is going on in the classroom. We hope to be able, as well, to abstract the learner strategies by interviewing the learner about his behavior during a particula

30、r classroom which showing them a tape of their own behavior.In spite of the fact that we are only beginning to isolate these strategies, I think that it is useful to list some of the ones found thus far. They remain general but give an idea of the kind of strategies I think we ought to be looking fo

31、r.1.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?2.The author formed some ideas about the features of good foreign language learning by getting information from （ ）.3.The author believes that the most important task of a good language teacher is（ ）.4. “They might be able to tailor

32、 their input to their students needs” means（ ）.5.Observing language learning strategies is very complicated because（ ）.问题1选项A.The Successful Language LearnerB.Relationship between Teaching and LearningC.Language Learning StrategiesD.Observations of Language Classes问题2选项A.language classroomsB.talks w

33、ith studentsC.lectures on this topicD.foreign teachers问题3选项A.to teach students learning strategiesB.to use the textbook skillfully and flexiblyC.to look for a suitable teaching method for the classD.to help students develop their own leaning methods问题4选项A.they could provide techniques to find out th

34、e students needsB.they could adjust their teaching to the needs of individual studentsC.they could cut out redundant materials to meet their students needsD.they could revise the textbook to suit the needs of their students问题5选项A.either the learner or the teacher will find it difficult to specify wh

35、at exactly they areB.neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to describe them preciselyC.they are related to the processes of learning which even the teacher cannot state preciselyD.they involve the leaning process which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to isolate【答案】第1题:C第2题:

36、B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文有一个关键词“strategies”,所以本文主要讲的是语言学习策略。选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“.by observing myself and talking to other good language learners.”通过观察自己和与其他优秀的语言学习者交谈选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数二三句，许多外语老师关心的是找到最好的方法或得到正确的答案，然而老师没有注意到学习的过程。如果更多地关注过程，他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求，并且能够向学生提供使他们能够自学的方法。

37、也就是说，帮助学生发展自己的学习方法，选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据上一题可知，原文表达的意思是：他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求。也就是说，他们可以根据个别学生的需要调整教学，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“.because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify.”观察这些策略的任务是一项复杂的任务，因为这些策略必然涉及认知过程，而学习者和教师都无法

38、具体说明这些过程。either.or.指“不是就是”，neither.nor.指的是二者都不，所以选项B正确。18.单选题Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-o

39、riented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national c

40、ouncil reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future

41、 of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a g

42、roup, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up

43、 in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing

44、 new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hel

45、lmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.

46、people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older pe

47、ople is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young p

48、eopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attem

49、pts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face p

50、ossible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇

51、女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并

52、晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大

53、一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。19.单选题A vile smell hung in the air.问题1选项A.burntB.unpleasantC.sweetD.fruity【答案】B【解析】句意：空气中弥漫着一股难闻的气味。vile意为邪恶的，肮脏的。选项B更符合句意所表达的意思。20.单选题In the face of an uncooperative Congress, the Chief Executive may find himself （ ）to accomplish the political program to which

54、he is committed.问题1选项A.neutralB.impotentC.impudentD.pious【答案】B【解析】neutral 中立的；impotent无力的，无效的；impudent鲁莽的，无礼的；pious虔诚的，尽责的。句意：面对不合作的国会，行政长官可能会发现自己无力完成他所承诺的政治计划。选项B符合句意。21.单选题You must be （ ）when buying a used car; be sure the engine is in good condition.问题1选项A.wearyB.zealousC.waryD.wily【答案】C【解析】weary

55、 疲倦的，厌烦的；zealous 热心的，积极的；wary 谨慎的，考虑周到的；wily狡猾的，诡计多端的。句意：当你买二手车时一定要小心谨慎，确保发动机处于良好状态。选项C符合句意。22.单选题The Ford Foundation is one of the worlds wealthiest philanthropic organizations.问题1选项A.profligateB.governmentalC.humanitarianD.multinational【答案】C【解析】福特基金会是世界上最富有的慈善组织之一。philanthropic 意为“博爱的，仁慈的”。proflig

56、ate 放荡的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主义的，博爱的；multinational多国的。选项C与之意思相近。23.单选题He thinks about nothing but play billiard. Hes completely addicted to it.问题1选项A.ascribed toB.hooked up toC.indulged inD.tended to【答案】C【解析】句意：他只想着打台球，完全沉迷其中。addicted to意为“沉迷于”。ascribed to 归因于；hooked up to连接到；indulged i

57、n 沉溺于；tended to倾向于。选项C与之意思最为相近。24.单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。25.单选题The article in

58、sinuated that the official was bribed.问题1选项A.denied positivelyB.stated flatlyC.argued convincinglyD.suggested indirectly【答案】D【解析】insinuate意为暗示。denied positively明确否认；stated flatly平平的陈述；argued convincingly 令人信服地论证；suggested indirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。26.单选题High pressure cells may bring brief warm （ ）ev

59、en in the middle of winter.问题1选项A.strugglesB.spellsC.spansD.sway【答案】C【解析】struggle 奋斗，努力；spell 符咒，魅力； span跨度，范围；sway 影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。27.单选题Do you think its fair to keep a bird （ ）in a cage all the time?问题1选项A.restrictedB.limitedC.confinedD.enclosed【答案】C【解析】restrict in限

60、制，约束（指不能自由行动）；限定；limited in受制于；confine限制，禁闭（指被限制在某局部地区不能自由行动）；enclose围绕，装入。句意：你认为把一只鸟一直关在笼子里公平吗？选项C更符合语境。28.单选题The automobiles exhaust system （ ）foul-smelling fumes.问题1选项A.AttractedB.condensedC.absorbedD.emitted【答案】D【解析】attract 吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb 吸收，使全神贯注；emit 发出，排放，放射。句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。选项D