2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号97

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Another important issue the new republic is the problem of the education of its citizens.问题1选项A.confiningB.confrontingC.facingD.conforming【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine“限制，禁闭”；confront“面对，遭遇”；face“面对”；conform“遵照，符合”。句意：新共和

2、国面临的一个重要问题是公民的教育。选项B符合题意。2.单选题Geoffrey had been completely exhausted but felt considerably after a meal and a good rest.问题1选项A.refreshedB.renewedC.regainedD.reshaped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh “使恢复”；renew “使更新”；regain “恢复”；reshape “改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。3.单选题While in Lond

3、on, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in favor of “支持，赞同”；in honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与一致”；in place of “替代”。句意：在伦敦，我们参观了为纪念护士南丁格尔而创立的医院。选项B符合题意。4.翻译题人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦

4、荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。【答案】The historical course of mans life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey

5、 upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.5.单选题Labor and management have agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby

6、 a strike.问题1选项A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start “开始”；forestall “预先阻止”；cause “导致”；accelerate “使加快”。根据关键信息 a temporary settlement可知是暂时解决了问题，因此阻止了罢工（strike）。选项B符合题意。句意：劳资双方达成了协议，一场罢工被阻止。6.单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, h

7、e was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。7.单选题There are nowadays not many teachers who are strong of traditional methods in classroom teaching.问题1选

8、项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Sponsors “赞助商”；contributors “贡献者，参与者”；advocates “拥护者，提倡者”；performers “表演者，执行者”。句意：现在提倡在教学中使用传统方法的老师不多了。选项C符合题意。8.单选题During the nineteen years of his career, France Battiate has won the _ of a wide audience outside Italy.问题1选项A.recogni

9、tionB.appreciationC.reputationD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recognition “识别，承认”；appreciation “欣赏”；reputation “名声，名誉”；evaluation “评价”。句意：在19年的职业生涯中，法国Battiate赢得了意大利以外广大读者的赞赏。选项B符合题意。9.单选题In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crop and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be _.问题1选项A.restlessB.

10、ceaselessC.availableD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless “焦躁不安的”；ceaseless “不断的”；available “可获得的”；versatile “多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。10.单选题Improvements in quality control techniques have resulted in more high-quality products with very few _.问题1选项A.failuresB.defectsC.rou

11、tesD.spots【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures “失败”；defects “缺点”；routes “路线”；spots “斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。11.单选题Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attent

12、ion and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not ha

13、d an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Ag

14、ing. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities wi

15、ll help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people n

16、eed to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cogni

17、tively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by .3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who ar

18、e highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged b

19、y many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group a

20、ctivities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people should keep active both physically and mentallyC.how intellectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力

21、和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就

22、可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range o

23、f activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。12.单选

24、题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mostC.the mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。13.单选题If he had known how to repair the toaster, he surely her.问题1选项A.would tellB.would have toldC.will

25、tellD.tells【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据if从句的动词时态，可判断出主句应该使用would+现在完成时，因此选项B符合题意。句意：要是他知道怎么修理烤面包机，他肯定早就告诉她了。14.单选题It is not uncommon for there _ problems of communication between the old and the young.问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题，这种情况非常罕见。此处是there be句型，根据句子结构，可知此处并不缺少

26、谓语动词，因而只能使用非谓语动词，选项A符合题意。15.单选题Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were .问题1选项A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way “绝不”；on the contrary “相反”；at a loss “亏本地”； of no avail “无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。16.单选题Some people complain d

27、octors for too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.advisingB.deliveringC.orderingD.prescribing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Advise “建议”；deliver “交付；递送”；order “命令”；prescribe “开药方”。句意：一些人抱怨医生总是给小病开很多药。选项D符合题意。17.单选题Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that arent really drug

28、s at all _ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.问题1选项A.or ratherB.rather thanC.other thanD.but rather【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。or rather “倒不如说”；rather than “而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；but rather “而是”。句意：有时候帮助病人缓解疼痛的药物并不是真正的药物而是一些不含活性化学元素的糖丸。选项D符合题意。18.单选题Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, wi

29、th its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Iceland与 Arctic Circle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。19.单选题When the British government tried to new employment legislatio

30、n, there was a general strike.问题1选项A.enhanceB.reinvigorateC.attributeD.implement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance “提高”；reinvigorate “使再振兴”；attribute “归属，归功于”；implement “实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。20.单选题I have devoted five weekends continuously to writing the graduation thesis and now I feel

31、I _ a good rest.问题1选项A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deserve “应受，值得”；preserve “保存，保护”；conceive “设想，考虑”；receive “接收，接待”。句意：我已经连续五个周末在写毕业论文了，现在我感觉我应该好好休息一下。选项A符合题意。21.单选题This medicine is very effective. It can dangerous diseases.问题1选项A.deal withB.cureC.improveD.treat【答案】A【解析】考查

32、词组辨析。deal with “处理；涉及”；cure “治疗”；improve “提高”； treat “治疗，对待”。cure 通常强调结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病；而 treat 则通常强调过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思。此处并没有明确这种药能治愈危险的疾病，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这种药很有效果，能够处理很多危险疾病。22.翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。它还富有自然和人力资源。它有悠久的历史和文化。亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。目前，世界正步入多元化的进程

33、，经济全球化日益突出。这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has

34、 a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.23.

35、翻译题The history of ecological change is still so elementary that we know little about what really happened, or what the results were. The destruction of the European aurochs as late as 1627 would seem to have been a simple case of overenthusiastic hunting. On more complex matters it often is impossib

36、le to find solid information. For a thousand years or more the Frisians and Netherlanders have been pushing back the North Sea, and the process is culminating in our own time in the reclamation of the Zuider Zee. What, if any, species of animals, birds, fish, shore life, or plants have died out in t

37、he process? In their heroic combat with the sea have the Netherlanders overlooked ecological values in such a way that the quality of human life in the Netherlands has suffered? I cannot discover that the questions have ever been asked, much less answered.(1)People, then, have often been a dynamic e

38、lement in their own environment, but in the present state of historical scholarship we usually do know exactly when, where, or with what effects man-induced changes came. As we enter the last third of the 20th century, however for the problem of ecological backlash is mounting feverishly. Natural sc

39、ience, conceived as the effort to understand the nature of things, had flourished in several eras and among several peoples. Similarly there had been an age-old accumulation of technological skills, sometimes growing rapidly, sometimes slowly. But it was not until about four generations ago that Wes

40、tern Europe and North America arranged a marriage between science and technology, a union of the theoretical and the empirical approaches to our natural environment. The emergence in widespread practice of the Baconian belief that scientific knowledge means technological power over nature can scarce

41、ly be dated before about 1850, save in the chemical industries, where it is anticipated in the 18th century. (2)Its acceptance as a normal pattern of action may mark the greatest event in human history since the invention of agriculture, and perhaps in nonhuman earth history as well.【答案】1. 因此，人们在他们自

42、己的环境中常常是一个动态的因素，但在目前的历史学术状态下，我们通常确实知道人为的变化在何时、何地或以何种影响出现。2. 它被接受为一种正常的行为模式，可能标志着自农业发明以来人类历史上最重大的事件，也许在非人类的地球历史上也是如此。24.单选题You need to rewrite this sentence because it is ; the readers will have difficulty in understanding it.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.alternativeC.confusedD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Co

43、mprehensive “综合的” ；alternative “供选择的”；confused “困惑的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：你需要重写这个句子，因为它模糊不清，读者理解起来会有困难。选项D符合题意。25.翻译题人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻。联合国经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历 程。尽管地区动荡和局部冲突时有发生，但是各国更加重视以谈判解决争端。【答案】With the tremendous changes of human society and the international relations, the United Nations have also

44、experienced extraordinary process after sundry tests. Although constant regional chaos still exist, often conflicted, countries pay more attention to resolve disputes through negotiations.26.翻译题Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own us

45、e; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.【答案】有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。读书时不可存心与

46、作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈资，而须权衡与琢磨。27.单选题Although most dreams apparently happen , dream activity may be provoked by external influences.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.instantlyC.automaticallyD.simultaneously【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。spontaneously “自发地；自然地”；instantly “立即地”；automatically “自动地”；simultaneously “同时地”。根据关键

47、信息external influence “外部影响”，可判断空格处应该填入一个与之相反的词，因此选项A符合题意。句意：虽然大多数梦都是自然发生，但是梦的活动可能由外部影响引起的。28.单选题_ hes already heard the news.问题1选项A.Chances areB.Chance isC.Opportunities areD.Opportunity is【答案】A【解析】考查固定表达。（the）chances are + 句子，这是一种口语的表达方法，表示很有可能的意思。选项A符合题意。29.单选题The new designs of the Christmas stam

48、ps are always waited for with keen .问题1选项A.irritationB.predictionC.receptionD.anticipation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。irritation “刺激，激怒”；prediction “预报，预言”；reception “接待，接收”；anticipation “预料，预期”。句意：人们总是热切地期待着新设计的圣诞邮票。选项D符合题意。30.单选题The new tourist hotel is said to have for over one thousand guests.问题1选项A.conve

49、nienceB.capacitiesC.accommodationsD.capability【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。convenience “方便”；capacities “容量；能力” ； accommodations “住房，住宿” ；capability “才能，能力”。句意：据说这家新的旅游旅馆能容纳一千多名客人。选项B符合题意。31.单选题It is found by scientists that the disease that causes cold can be by air and by close contact.问题1选项A.transmittedB.inf

50、ectedC.transformedD.transferred【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Transmit “传输”；infect “感染，传染”；transform “改变，变形”；transfer “转让”。句意：科学家发现，引起感冒的疾病可以通过空气和密切接触传染。选项B符合题意。32.单选题Surprisingly perhaps, the biggest health risk for tourists travelling abroad is actually road traffic accidents.问题1选项A.potentialB.theoreticalC.def

51、initeD.alternative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。potential “潜在的，可能的” ；theoretical “理论的；理论上的”；definite “一定的，确切的”；alternative “供选择的；选择性的”。句意：也许令人惊讶的是，对出国旅游的游客来说，最大的潜在健康风险实际上是道路交通事故。选项A符合题意。33.单选题The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbo

52、und “出神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；silent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。34.单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be

53、 equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, pr

54、ofessional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is

55、 filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But cou

56、ples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activ

57、ities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy

58、 at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .2. Raising children, in the authors opinion, is .3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .4. To understand what true happiness is, one must .5. What is the author trying to tell us?问题1选项A.he

59、is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful to remain singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement问题2选项A.a moral dutyB.a rewarding taskC.a thankless jobD.a source of inevitab

60、le pain问题3选项A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance问题4选项A.have as much fun as possible during ones lifetimeB.make every effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun问题5选项A.iIt is pain that leads to happinessB.One mu