2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号26

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The tutor tells the undergraduate that one can acquire（ ）in a foreign language through more practice.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项

2、efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符合题意。2.单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-v

3、entilated and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become econo

4、mic puppets who dance to the tune of automated and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever

5、 having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some resp

6、ects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment

7、on they are tested again and again! By the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety a

8、nd stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteen-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transfor

9、ming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production

10、and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By“well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is（ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employee is that（ ）.3.From the passage we can infer that real h

11、appiness of life belongs to those（ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of（ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in compl

12、ete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.

13、they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are high up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.who could keep far away from their competiti

14、ve world问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干

15、定位到第一段第一句In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.（总的来说，我们的社会正在成为官僚管理下的巨型企业之一，在这种管理下，人变成了机器中一个润滑良好的小齿轮。）通过第一段我们得知作者认为人类已经失去了个性和独立性，成为机器中一颗微不足道的小齿轮，因此C选项“与社会其他部分相比，尽管运行良好但已经不甚重要”正确。

16、A选项“尽管每个人的作用不大，但却是社会必要的组成部分”与原文意思相悖，人类已经如齿轮一般无足轻重；B选项“与社会其他方面和谐地工作”并未在文中提及；D选项“尤其在运作良好的时候却在社会中仍微不足道”与原文不符。2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities o

17、f human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.（他们焦虑也是因为他们无法获得任何真正的满足或生活的兴趣。他们生与死都没有面对过人类存在的基本现实，作为情感上、智力上独立的和有生产力的人。）由此可知，其真正原因是情感与理智上独立的、富有创造性的个人生存状态被忽视，因此D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”正确。A选项“他们很可能会失去工作”是部分原因；B选项“他们对生活没有真正的满足或兴趣”与原文相悖；C选项“他们面对着人类生存的基本现实”也是部分原因。3.判断推

18、理题。根据题干定位第三段最后一句This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.（这种不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好或更好的需求，造成了持续的焦虑和压力，而这正是不快乐和疾病的根源。）说明这种需要不断证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或超过对手从而不断地造成焦虑和压力，正是不幸与疾病的起因。因此，摆脱了竞争所造成

19、的焦虑和压力就可以享受到生命的真正快乐，因此D选项“可以远离竞争的世界”正确。A选项“社会最底层的人”与原文不符；B选项“那些社会地位很高的人”在第三段的第一句话Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. （那些社会地位较高的人也同样焦虑。）因此B选项错误；C选项“觉得自己比他们的竞争对手更好”不符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段I suggest transforming.those of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangement

20、s.（我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义转变为以人和充分开发他的潜力爱和理性的潜力为一切社会安排的目的的人文主义工业主义。）因此C选项“使人能够充分发挥他的潜力”正确。A选项“求助于我们祖先的生产方式”在最后一段Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteen-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not.（我是在建议我们回到工业化前的生产方式，还是回到19世纪的“自

21、由企业”资本主义？当然不是。）因此作者并没有建议我们回到之前的生产方式；B选项“为工人和雇员提供更高的工资”文章没有提及；D选项“认为基本的现实是理所当然的”也与原文不符。5.作者态度题。根据题干定位到最后一段I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism.development of his potentialities（我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义转变为以人和充分开发他的潜力）可以看出，作者对现有工业制度的态度是不满的，因此

22、B选项“不满”正确。A选项“赞同”；C选项“怀疑”；D选项“容忍”都不符合题意。3.单选题Peering through the darkness, the traveler could（ ）lights in the distance and then he doubled his pace.问题1选项A.perceiveB.discernC.recognizeD.visualize【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“理解，认知，感觉”；B选项discern“隐约可见，觉察出，识别”；C选项recognize“认出，识别”；D选项visualize“形象，形象化”。句意：

23、透过黑暗，旅行者可以（ ）远处有灯光，于是他加快了脚步。这里因为是透过黑暗，所以应该是“隐约可见灯光”，因此B选项符合题意。4.单选题She is the most（ ）secretary Ive ever had.问题1选项A.efficientB.effectiveC.industrialD.practiced【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的；有能力的；生效的”，B选项effective“有效的，起作用的；实际的”，C选项industrial“工业的，产业的”，D选项practiced“熟练的；有经验的；老练的”；然后看到题干：她是为我效力过的最（ ）的

24、秘书。可以看出只有A带进去最符合，她应该是效率高，能力高的秘书，因此A选项符合题意。5.单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项plight“困境，境况”；B选项polarization“极化，偏振”；C选项plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D选项pigment“色素，颜料”。句意：他讲了一个关于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，没有钱，（ ）非常

25、悲惨。本句意为“妹妹的处境非常悲惨”，因此A选项符合题意。6.单选题W. Somerset Maugham afterwards walked the wards of St. Thomass Hospital（ ）practicing in medicine.问题1选项A.with a view toB.with regards toC.with the aim atD.with the object for【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项with a view to“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项with regards to“关于，至于

26、”；C选项with the aim at“为了”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项with the object for“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（ ）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。7.单选题The neighbors do not consider him quite（ ）as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.问

27、题1选项A.respectedB.respectiveC.respectfulD.respectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（ ），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。8.单选题We need someone really（ ）who can organize the office and make

28、it run smoothly.问题1选项A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（ ）人，他能组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。9.单选题Frank stormed into the room and（ ）the door, but it wasn

29、t that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.问题1选项A.slashedB.slammedC.slippedD.slapped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关上，猛烈抨击”；C选项slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_的一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。10.单选题When Columbus（ ） America in 1492, th

30、e continents may have been peopled by as many as twenty-five million Indians.问题1选项A.who discoveredB.discoveringC.discoveredD.to discover【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当哥伦布于1492年（ ）美洲大陆时，这块大陆上居住着多达2500万印第安人。通过题干可知哥伦布发现美洲大陆是在1492年，是一个已经发生的事，因此C选项discovered表示过去符合题意。A选项是定语从句，这个句子中不需要定语从句；B选项表示正在进行；D选项表示将来。11.单选题In

31、 the case of Finney, where an attendant at a mental hospital caused the death of a patient by releasing a flow of boiling water into a bath, the test was whether he was grossly（ ）.问题1选项A.negativeB.negligentC.serenityD.custody【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的，消极的，否定的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C选项serenit

32、y“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，这个是测试他是否严重_。根据原句逻辑，这个护工导致病人死亡，可见他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B选项符合题意。12.单选题The Home Secretary has been asked to（ ）because the Union leaders and their employers cannot agree on a course of action.问题1选项A.meditateB.negotiateC.interveneD.reconcile【答案】C【

33、解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项meditate“考虑，计划”；B选项negotiate“谈判，商谈”；C选项intervene“干涉，调停”；D选项reconcile“调停，调解”。句意：内务大臣已被要求进行（ ），因为工会领导人和他们的雇主无法就行动方案达成一致。本句表达的含义是“内务大臣被要求进行干预”，因此C选项符合题意。13.单选题People innately（ ）for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.s

34、triveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。A选项“为奋斗，争取”；B选项“确定，探知”；C选项“证明是正当的”；D选项“坚持”，句意为：人们天生（ ）比同龄人优越，尽管有时表现为夸张的权力欲。本句表示“人们天生就想争取比同龄人优越”，因此A选项符合题意。14.单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ）a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mu

35、tatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项“突变，变成”；C选项“骤降，暴跌”；D选项“上下波动”，句意：根据最新的报告，上个月消费者信心指数（ ）惊人的15点，达到了9年来的最低水平。既然说了是最低水平，那么句意应该是“下降了惊人的15个点”，因此C选项符合题意。15.单选题The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewe

36、r may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well quali

37、fied, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques will

38、be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Dont say anything bad about yo

39、ur former employers. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe benefits（附加福利

40、）of the job you are interviewing for.If at home point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be well, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse condi

41、tions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If the interviewer continues to press, give him a r

42、ange or suggest the going rate for a particular job. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.1.To get the job you want, during the interview you should（ ）.2.If you did not get along with your former employer, you

43、（ ）.3.When you find the interview is not going well you should（ ）.4.The best time to discuss your salary is（ ）.5.The most important thing to do during an interview is（ ）.问题1选项A.avoid the interviewers questions that are designed to trip youB.remember that you are the best qualified candidateC.make yo

44、urself stand out as the right person for the jobD.keep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you want问题2选项A.should tell the interviewer franklyB.should not speak ill of himC.should refer to him in a factual mannerD.should never mention it问题3选项A.keep up your confidenceB

45、.bring it to an end as soon as possibleC.tell your interviewer how you react to adverse conditionD.tell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to lose问题4选项A.when you have been offered the jobB.at the end of the interviewC.after you have completed the paperworkD.when the interviewer brings this m

46、atter up问题5选项A.to make your strengths understoodB.to show your intense interest in the job you are applying forC.to be frank and sincereD.to be natural and confident【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths,

47、 is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job.（你想让自己作为一个完整的人脱颖而出，这个人有自己的优点，很有资格，应该被认为是这份工作的合适人选）。可知在面试中，如果你想得到想要的工作，应该让自己作为工作的合适人员凸显出来。因此C选项“让你自己脱颖而出，成为这份工作的合适人选”正确。A选项在第一段It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you（面试者的任务不是

48、让你尴尬或绊倒你），因此可以得知面试者并不会给你使绊子，A选项错误；B选项不正确，原文并没有说过这个，只是说要保持自信；D选项在第一段的第一句话有提到The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.（面试在找工作过程中是很重要的一件事，因为你与面试官待上的二三十分钟可能

49、会决定你是否能得到你想要的工作。）但是这并不是作者认为被面试者应该铭记的事，因此D不正确。2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段Dont say anything bad about your former employers.（不要说前老板的坏话。）可以得知如果和前老板相处的不好，也不要说他的坏话，因此B选项“不应该说他的坏话”正确。A选项是在第四段If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.（如果你被解雇了，面试官问起这个问题，你要坦率地回答。）

50、说的是如果被解雇了，则要坦率回答，和题干不符合，因此排除；C、D都并未提及，排除。3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第六段If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain.（如果在某个时刻你觉得面试不顺利，不要表现出你的沮丧。继续表现出自信，你不会有什么损失，你可能会有很多收

51、获。）因此A选项“保持你的信心”正确。B、D虽然原文都有提及，但不是本题的信息点，因此排除；C选项在第六段It may be well, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.（它可能是好的，也可能是测试你对不利条件的反应。）这只是一个推测，并且与如何在表现不好时做出回应不相关，排除。4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you

52、 are ready to complete the paperwork.（如果可能的话，你应该在得到一份工作之后，在你准备好去完成相关文件之后，再去谈工资问题。）可以看出，作者认为最好的谈薪水的时间应该是在你已经收到了工作邀请之后，因此A选项“当你得到这份工作的时候”正确。B选项未提及，无关项排除；C选项在最后一段you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.（你应该在得到一份工作之后，在你准备好去完成相关文件

53、之后，再去谈工资问题。）原文是说“准备好去完成相关文件”，而不是完成了文件，因此C选项错误，排除；D选项在最后一段Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary（有些面试官可能会在面试一开始就提出薪水问题。此时，你可以暗示与具体的薪水相比你更感兴趣的是一份可以证明你自己的工作），从

54、这里得知作者并不支持一开始就直接谈薪水，因此D错误，排除。5.事实细节题。定位到第一段You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. （你想让自己作为一个完整的人脱颖而出，这个人有自己的优点，很有资格，应该被认为是这份工作的合适人选。）以及第三段Your goal in this interview is to make sure y

55、our good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.（在这次面试中，你的目标是确保别人能理解你的优点。除非你指出来，否则面试官是不会知道的，所以你要尽量以事实和真诚的方式来表达。）通过这两处可以看出，最重要的就是要让自己的能力被理解、被面试官接收到，因此A选项“让别人了解你的长处”正确。其余的B、C、D都是无关项，不符合题意。16.翻译题二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生

56、活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。【答案】Round-the-clock timetable is changing our way of life. The 21st century office never leaves us. We bring our wire

57、less cell phones and notebook computers when vacationing. There are people who bring their cell phones into concert halls and auditoriums. The round-the-clock hyperspeed “Internet time” wont give us quiet time for resting and thinking. An increasing number of business executives have taken to braggi

58、ng about how much sleep they get. For them, the ultimate status symbol is the power to live by natures clock rather than the Nets clock.17.单选题People from different cultures have different（ ）of the world.问题1选项A.impressionsB.complicationsC.foundationsD.conceptions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象，观感”；

59、B选项complications“并发症”；C选项foundations“基础，房建”；D选项conceptions“怀孕，概念，设想”。句意：来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的（ ）。这句话表达的意思是“不同的人对世界有不同的看法”，因此A选项符合题意。18.单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ） patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggres

60、siveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“废弃的，老式的”；B选项“侵略性的，好斗的”；C选项“和谐的，和睦的”；D选项“和蔼可亲的，亲切的”，句意：国际体育应该创造国家之间的友好关系，但在目前的奥林匹克组织中以某种方式鼓励_爱国主义。由but可以得知和前文应该是有转折的，因此空格处想表达的应该是“鼓励带有挑衅性的爱国精神”。因此B选项符合题意。19.单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practi