2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号44

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavior

2、al studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is

3、necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,

4、when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dr

5、eams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they le

6、arnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a patternwhat is referred to as an “artificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when the

7、re was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that

8、 the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if

9、the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.1.The phrase

10、“poring over” in the first sentence of the passage may be best interpreted as（ ） .2.The reason why sleep is good for the memory（ ） .3.The experimenters found that their subjects（ ）.4.The Belgian group reached the conclusion that （ ）.问题1选项A.looking interestingly atB.learning without hesitationC.study

11、ing with close attentionD.memorizing with a fast pace问题2选项A.is to be clarified by behavioral psychologyB.is rooted in its function of relaxing the brainC.lies in its contribution to the formation of lasting memoriesD.stems from its compiling memories and ridding things unwanted问题3选项A.learned quickly

12、 how to respond to the light stimuliB.picked up the “artificial grammar” during their REM sleepC.pushed the button faster in the absence of the light patternD.increased their response time as they learnt the u artificial grammar”问题4选项A.the brain works more efficiently by knowing a set pattern of thi

13、ngsB.the second theory failed to cover all the brain responses during sleepC.REM sleep reactivates connections between the nerves and the memoryD.its beyond doubt that the subjects were learning in contrast to unlearning【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据原文句意：在大考之前，睡个好觉比钻研课本对你更有好处。既然是考试，当然会仔细认真地复习，

14、所以选项C最能解释poring over。2.根据第一段“sleep is when permanent memories form.”可知选项C正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，Maquet博士使用了一款名为PET的电子设备来研究人们白天练习一项任务和第二天晚上睡觉时的大脑。这项任务要求人们尽快按下按钮，对6个位置当中出现的那盏灯作出反应。当他们学会如何这样做时，他们的反应更快了。他们不知道的是, 这些光的出现有时遵循一种模式这被称为“人造语法”。所以选项B符合原文。4.根据最后一段第一句“the nerve connections involved in memory are reinfor

15、ced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt.”在眼睛快速转动的睡眠中，特别是当大脑检测到正在学习的东西有固有的结构时，与记忆有关的神经连接会通过重新激活得到加强。选项A符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:2.单选题In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully（ ）. 问题1

16、选项A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered【答案】D【解析】句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等几个月才能得到充分考虑。只有选项D符合句意。3.单选题Our research has focused on a drug which is so（ ）as to be able to change brain chemistry.问题1选项A.powerfulB.influentialC.monstrousD.vigorous【答案】A【解析】powerful强大的，强有力的；influential有影响力的；monstrous巨大的，怪异的；vig

17、orous精力充沛的。句意：我们的研究集中在一种药物上，其药效非常强大，足以改变大脑的化学性质。选项A符合语境。4.翻译题中国人的年讲究的就是一个团聚，正如中国知名作家冯骥才所讲：春节是中国人的“情感时刻”。这一天无论你身在何处，回家团圆是唯一的主题，思乡情感也要在这一刻得到宣泄。对于英国留学生们来说，春节回家的愿望，非要天时地利人和，多重因素都给力，才能够得以实现。每年的春节大多在一、二月间，这个时候并不是学校的假期，留学生们无法脱身。【答案】What Chinese New Year stresses is a family reunion. Just as Feng Jicai, a f

18、amous Chinese writer, has pointed out, the Spring Festival is an “emotional moment” for the Chinese people. Wherever you may be that day, returning home for a family reunion is the only topic of conversation and your homesickness is sure to be got off your chest. For overseas Chinese students in the

19、 United Kingdom, their wish of returning home during the Spring Festival cannot be realized unless everything is OK and many factors are geliable. The Spring Festival falls chiefly between January and February, during which schools have no vacations, overseas students cannot leave school.5.单选题The un

20、iqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and the selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as 1860s there were counter movement to the traditional orientation. One of the famous spokesmen of Japans

21、 “Enlightenment” claimed “the Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere.” Another break of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic ideal

22、ism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again, in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant.Following the end of World War II, substanti

23、al changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restrains. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by

24、group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life. School textbooks emphasize equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition;

25、but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain.

26、An important feature of relationships in many institutions, including political parties and universities is, the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to coopera

27、te with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains

28、 successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people with the same profession.1.The spokesman of Japans “Enlightenment” thou

29、ght that（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about Japans culture is true?3.The relationship of oyabun-kobun can be one between（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author implies that （ ）.问题1选项A.the traditional culture should be replaced by western modernizationB.Japanese ought to forsake the Confuci

30、an civilization of the EastC.the Confucian civilization in Japan should be dominantD.Japan should introduce western civilization问题2选项A.Substantial changes in democratic process have taken place during World War HB.Nowadays the traditional Confucianism is a necessary part of the society in Japan.C.To

31、day the Confucianism outweighs the democratic value system in universities of Japan.D.The democratic idea was not accepted by the society after World War II.问题3选项A.a shop owner and a customerB.a CEO and an employeeC.a politician and an opponentD.a judge and a lawyer问题4选项A.respect for authority plays

32、 a more important role in promotionB.western values have overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudesC.colleagues are more closely related to each other than beforeD.most Japanese workers are members of a single party【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“One of the famous spokesmen . in the spiri

33、tual sphere.”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“The new democratic . the society as a whole. ”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the ol

34、d order remain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想, 但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常

35、优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。第2题:第3题:第4题:6.写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance? The essay should be based on the outline below.1.The present situation;2.Its advantages;3.Its disadvantages;4.Your suggestions.【

36、答案】Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology and information industry, cell phones play an important role in peoples, especially townspeoples life. But, like everything else, they are a mixed blessing.First, its useful. As a wireless telephon

37、e, it can be carried anywhere one wants to go and can be used to call the callee however faraway he or she is. Therefore, it greatly facilitates peoples life. Second, its convenient. Whenever one gets into trouble or meets something urgent, one can ask for help by making a phone call immediately. Mo

38、st important of all, its a very helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily log on, browsing useful information, conducting E-commerce and doing whatever one can do via the Internet.However, just as everything has two sides, the cell phone also has many disadvantages

39、. First, it may affect others attention. For example, some people use their cell phones while listening to a lecture or attending a meeting, which undoubtedly distracts the attention of others, thus seriously affecting the atmosphere of the lecture or the meeting. Second, it does more harm to primar

40、y school students and even junior middle school students. Many of them do not know how difficult it is for their parents to earn money, they waste a lot of money chatting with their friends or getting on the Net by means of their cell phones. Worst of all, quite a number of adult testees cheat on th

41、eir tests by using their cell phones.In my view, it is unreasonable and impossible to ban the use of cell phones among young students. What really counts is to use cell phones on the right occasions. So I strongly suggest forbidding turning on the cell phone in class, on tests or at meetings. Anothe

42、r suggestion is to forbid primary school students and junior middle students to use cell phones in their schools on weekdays. Of course they can use theirs at home or elsewhere on weekends.7.单选题We dont encourage them to （ ）in any solitary amusements.问题1选项A.riskB.reviveC.indulgeD.suspend【答案】C【解析】选项中只

43、有C选项能与介词in搭配, indulge in指“沉溺于”, 符合句意。8.单选题Mary thought she would never meet Tom again, but by a curious （ ）they finally met.问题1选项A.coincidenceB.incidenceC.incidentD.accident【答案】A【解析】coincidence一致, 巧合;incidence发生率;incident事件, 事变;accident事故, 意外。句意:玛丽以为她再也见不到汤姆了, 但由于一个奇怪的巧合, 他们最终见面了。选项A符合句意。9.翻译题Two mo

44、des of argumentation have been used on behalf of womens emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the “relational” feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of “equality in difference”, or equity as distinct from equality. They contend that biological distinctions between t

45、he sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that womens procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and cerebrates (崇尚) w

46、omens quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities. Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual.

47、Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought and which, still predominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well-established in t

48、he Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender- blind system with equal rig

49、hts for all. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to emphasize womens special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers. They demanded special treatment for women, including prote

50、ctive legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.Relational arguments have a major pitfall: because they underline womens physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endo

51、rse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the indivi

52、dualist framework, with its claim for womens autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.【答案】相比之下，利己的女权主义传统强调个人的人权并崇尚妇女追求个人的自主，却贬低性别角色的重要性并减少对生育子女和抚养子女责任的探讨。然而，从1890年到1920年，关系论的女权主义在女权思

53、想中占主导地位而且现在仍然在欧洲和非西方女权主义者中占优势，它在英国和美国失去了影响。但是利己主义的研究方法，通过抨击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，谴责现存家庭体制是不可救药的家长制, 常常将对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色仅视为毫不重要的事情。10.单选题For most of us, work is the central, dominating factor of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What

54、we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important, the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner; that because more wor

55、k is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provi

56、de, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for c

57、reativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the inequality at work. Still l

58、ess can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are able to exercise responsibility; th

59、ey have a considerable degree of control over their own and the others working lives. Most important of all, they have the opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which woul

60、d be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work ; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the techno