非谓语动词概念非谓语动词的基本形式

1、非谓语动词概念非谓语动词概念非谓语动词的基本形式非谓语动词的基本形式非谓语动词的基本功能非谓语动词的基本功能非谓语动词的一些复合型式非谓语动词的一些复合型式非谓语动词重点难点非谓语动词重点难点概念概念除谓语以外的一切成分。除谓语以外的一切成分。过去分词过去分词不定式不定式现在分词现在分词非谓语动词done动词不定式的基本形式 主动语态 to do 被动语态一般式进行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done1.The book is said to have been translated into Russian.2.Come

2、, I am supposed to be calling you to lunch.不定式与谓语同时发生 进行式不定式比谓语先发生 完成式现在分词的基本形式现在分词的基本形式 doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式现在分词与现在分词与/比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生比谓语的动作同时、先发生、后发生 一般式一般式现在分词比谓语的动作先发生现在分词比谓语的动作先发生 完成式（强调先后关系）完成式（强调先后关系）_ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET9

3、2 39)Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received作状语时的区别：作状语时的区别：现在过去分词表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等现在过去分词表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do表示表示1.目的目的; 2.结果结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用表示出人预料

4、的情况或结果。常用only强调。强调。 表示希望发生的结果，常用表示希望发生的结果，常用just强调。强调。 3.原因原因表示造成情感变化的原因。表示造成情感变化的原因。目的目的结果结果原因原因eg.I like skating,but I dont like to skate today. Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.eg.There is no joking about such matters.主语、主语、表语、宾语表语、宾语1. to do 表示具体的动作，-ing fo

5、rm表示泛指的动作。2.“there is no +主语”句型中，多用-ing form.作定语时现在分词作定语时现在分词 ，过去分词与动词不定式的区别，过去分词与动词不定式的区别1 1 ，现在分词表示主动，正在进行；过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动，正在进行；过去分词表示被动，已经完成；动词不定式表示将来已经完成；动词不定式表示将来2 2 ，作表语时或定语时，作表语时或定语时， 现在分词表示现在分词表示“令人令人” ,过去过去分词表示分词表示“感到感到”解题关键：解题关键：1 看被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系看被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系 2 看动作发生的时间看动作发生的时间 3

6、 having done 的任何形式都不充当定语的任何形式都不充当定语 eg.He attends the meeting being held in the room now. He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.eg.She has a strong wish to go to college.3 3，表示被修饰词的内容时，表示被修饰词的内容时， 用用to do.He decided not to do it.He decided not to do i

7、t.She wished never to see him again.She wished never to see him again.Not seeing John,I asked where he was.Not seeing John,I asked where he was.Not having done it right, I tried again.Not having done it right, I tried again.1.for sb. to do sth.常见的形容词有：good=nice/bad, kind/cruel=rude, clever=wise/stup

8、id=silly, right /wrong，sensible2.of sb. to do sth.sb.is/are adj.to do sth.ing forming form的复合结构的复合结构1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ing form2.代词宾格/名词+ing form 主语表语 宾语宾语1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.moving,moved D.moved,moving2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem

9、 is too difficult for him. A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing4.She let out a _ voice and we ran to her hurriedly. A.frightened B.frightening1.I could feel the wind _ on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.bl

10、own D.to be blowing2.Well meet Mr.Black,_ as a famous scientist. A.knowing B.to be known C.known D.being known3._ more time, we could do it better. A.Giving B.To give C.Given D.To be given4.A young man _ novels came to us yesterday. A.to write B.writing C.written D.wrote5.All the things_,his proposa

11、l is of greater value than yours. A.considered B.considering C.consider D.to consider6._Sunday, the students are at home. A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being不定式重点难点1 特殊表达方式 He seldom comes except to look at mypictures. They could do nothing but ask for help. We have no choice but to wait outside. 有有”

12、do”无无”to”;有有”to”无无”do”“别无选择做某事别无选择做某事”: have no choice but to do cant but do cant help but doPlease give me a knife to cut with. This question is difficult to answer.作作定语定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相相应的介词。应的介词。不定式在作表语不定式在作表语/ 补语的形容词后面作补语的形容词后面作状语状语，用主动，用主动形式表被动意思。形式表被动意思。2 充当一定句子成分时重点难点3

13、 “too to”结构的特殊用法 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. Its never too old to learn. 4 独立结构 To tell (you) the truth, he doesnt agree with you. To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city. 5 不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what 等连用How to solve the problem is important.To be fr

14、ank; to be exact 现在分词重点难点1 只用现在分词的句型只用现在分词的句型 It is + no good /no use; not any use/good; useless +doing There is no + doing.2 只用现在分词充当宾语的动词只用现在分词充当宾语的动词 mecafps+doing (mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape, admit, appreciate, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay=put off=postphone, deny, involve, imag

15、ine, keep, resist, risk, etc.) 3 介词后只用现在分词充当宾语介词后只用现在分词充当宾语4 只用现在分词充当宾语的词组只用现在分词充当宾语的词组get down to; object to; pay attentionto; look forward to; cant help5 现在分词在现在分词在need, want, require, deserve后的被动含义后的被动含义 e.g. The house requires repairing. He was afraid of being left at home.动名词与不定式的不同含义动名词与不定式的不同

16、含义：n 1 be afraid to do n be afraid of doing She was afraid _ ( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid _ ( wake ) her husband, for he was ill. 不敢，害怕，胆怯去做某事不敢，害怕，胆怯去做某事担心，恐怕出现担心，恐怕出现to wake of waking2 forget; remember; regret to do forget; remember; regret doing未做未做已做已做goingto te

17、ll3 stop to do/ stop doing4 go on to do/ go on doing5 try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it again. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way. to dodoing6 mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _ ( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me.

18、delayingto go打算做打算做意味着意味着 几个关键动词的使用方法几个关键动词的使用方法1 “三让、三看、两听、注意感觉三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel2 with; find ; leaveWe saw the thief _ by the policeman. (catch)caughtThe murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . A .being tied B .having tied

19、 C .to be tied D .tiedD 独立主格结构独立主格结构 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。时，叫独立主格结构。1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open.2. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall.1.To do the job is impossible.2.It is necessary to study a foreign language.3

20、.To do such a thing is stupid. 4.It is wrong to tell a lie. It is impossible for a child to do the job. （a child）It is necessary for students to study aIt is stupid of you to do such a thing.It is wrong of him to tell a lie.You are stupid to do such a thing.He is wrong to tell a lie.说出To do动作的执行者时，须用复合结构(students)(you)(he)1.Do you mind openi