电气工程及其自动化专业英语复习资料

电气工程及其自动化专业英语复习资料一、专业词汇

（一）电路相关1.circuit：电路2.resistor：电阻器3.capacitor：电容器4.inductor：电感器5.voltage：电压6.current：电流7.power：功率8.Ohm'slaw：欧姆定律（I=V/R，其中I是电流，V是电压，R是电阻）9.Kirchhoff'slaws：基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff'scurrentlaw(KCL)：基尔霍夫电流定律（流入节点的电流之和等于流出节点的电流之和）Kirchhoff'svoltagelaw(KVL)：基尔霍夫电压定律（沿闭合回路的电压降之和等于零）

（二）电机相关1.motor：电动机2.generator：发电机3.DCmotor：直流电动机4.ACmotor：交流电动机5.synchronousmotor：同步电动机6.asynchronousmotor：异步电动机7.rotor：转子8.stator：定子9.magneticfield：磁场

（三）电力系统相关1.powersystem：电力系统2.transmissionline：输电线路3.substation：变电站4.transformer：变压器5.load：负载6.powergrid：电网7.hydroelectricpower：水力发电8.thermalpower：火力发电9.nuclearpower：核能发电

（四）自动化相关1.automation：自动化2.programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)：可编程逻辑控制器3.sensor：传感器4.actuator：执行器5.controlsystem：控制系统6.feedbackcontrol：反馈控制7.openloopcontrol：开环控制8.closedloopcontrol：闭环控制

二、专业术语与短语

（一）描述电路特性1.seriescircuit：串联电路2.parallelcircuit：并联电路3.equivalentresistance：等效电阻4.equivalentcapacitance：等效电容5.equivalentinductance：等效电感6.voltagedrop：电压降7.currentdivider：电流分配器8.voltagedivider：电压分配器

（二）电机运行状态1.ratedpower：额定功率2.ratedvoltage：额定电压3.ratedcurrent：额定电流4.startingtorque：启动转矩5.maximumtorque：最大转矩6.efficiency：效率7.powerfactor：功率因数

（三）电力系统运行1.powergeneration：发电2.powertransmission：输电3.powerdistribution：配电4.gridconnection：并网5.loadflowanalysis：潮流分析6.shortcircuitcurrent：短路电流7.powerquality：电能质量

（四）自动化控制策略1.proportionalcontrol(Pcontrol)：比例控制2.integralcontrol(Icontrol)：积分控制3.derivativecontrol(Dcontrol)：微分控制4.PIDcontrol：比例积分微分控制5.feedforwardcontrol：前馈控制6.adaptivecontrol：自适应控制

三、课文重点句子解析

（一）电路部分1."Acircuitisaclosedpaththroughwhichelectriccurrentcanflow."解析：这是对电路的基本定义。"closedpath"明确了电路必须是一个封闭的路径，这样电流才能在其中持续流动。例如，一个简单的由电池、灯泡和导线组成的回路就是一个电路，电流从电池的正极出发，经过灯泡，再回到电池的负极，形成一个封闭的路径。2."AccordingtoOhm'slaw,thecurrentinaconductorisdirectlyproportionaltothevoltageacrossitandinverselyproportionaltoitsresistance."解析：该句阐述了欧姆定律的核心内容。"directlyproportionalto"表示成正比关系，即电压增大，电流也随之增大；"inverselyproportionalto"表示成反比关系，电阻增大时，电流减小。例如，当电阻不变，电压从10V增加到20V，电流也会相应地增大一倍；当电压不变，电阻从5Ω增加到10Ω，电流会减小为原来的一半。

（二）电机部分1."ThesynchronousmotorrotatesataconstantspeeddeterminedbythefrequencyoftheACpowersupply."解析：此句说明了同步电动机的转速特性。同步电动机的转速与交流电源的频率之间存在固定的关系，由电源频率决定其转速。例如，在我国，交流电源频率为50Hz，同步电动机在这种电源下就会以与该频率对应的固定转速运行。2."Theasynchronousmotorhasarotorthatrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed."解析：描述了异步电动机的转速特点。异步电动机的转子转速略低于同步转速，这是异步电动机区别于同步电动机的关键特性。正是由于这种转速差，异步电动机才能实现电能与机械能的转换。例如，当异步电动机接入电源后，转子会在旋转磁场的作用下开始转动，但始终达不到同步转速。

（三）电力系统部分1."Powertransmissionistheprocessofdeliveringelectricityfromthepowergenerationplantstothesubstationslocatedneartheloadcenters."解析：解释了输电的概念。输电是将发电厂产生的电能输送到靠近负载中心的变电站的过程。这个过程需要通过高压输电线路来实现，以减少电能在传输过程中的损耗。例如，大型发电厂通常位于能源丰富的地区，而用电负荷中心可能在城市等其他地方，输电线路就负责将电能从发电厂输送到这些负荷中心附近的变电站。2."Transformerisanimportantdeviceinthepowersystemthatcanchangethevoltageleveloftheelectricity."解析：强调了变压器在电力系统中的重要作用。变压器能够改变电能的电压等级，在输电和配电过程中起到关键作用。例如，在输电环节，通过升压变压器将发电厂发出的较低电压升高到高压，便于远距离输电；在配电环节，再通过降压变压器将高压降低到合适的电压等级供用户使用。

（四）自动化部分1."Inafeedbackcontrolsystem,theoutputofthesystemismeasuredandfedbacktotheinputtoparewiththereferencesignal."解析：阐述了反馈控制系统的工作原理。在反馈控制系统中，系统的输出被测量并反馈到输入端，与参考信号进行比较。通过这种比较，控制系统可以根据输出与参考信号的差异来调整输入，从而使系统的输出更接近预期值。例如，在温度控制系统中，温度传感器测量实际温度（输出）并反馈给控制器，控制器将其与设定的温度值（参考信号）进行比较，然后根据差异调整加热或制冷设备，以保持温度稳定。2."PLCisadigitalputerusedforautomationofindustrialprocesses,whichcanbeprogrammedtoperformavarietyofcontrolfunctions."解析：介绍了可编程逻辑控制器的用途。PLC是用于工业过程自动化的数字计算机，它可以通过编程来执行各种控制功能。例如，在工厂的生产线上，PLC可以根据预设的程序控制电机的启停、阀门的开关等，实现生产过程的自动化控制。

四、阅读理解练习及答案

（一）阅读理解文章一：CircuitAnalysisAcircuitconsistsofavoltagesource,aresistor,andacapacitorconnectedinseries.Thevoltagesourceprovidesanalternatingvoltage\(v(t)=V_m\sin(\omegat)\),where\(V_m\)istheamplitudeofthevoltageand\(\omega\)istheangularfrequency.Theresistorhasaresistance\(R\)andthecapacitorhasacapacitance\(C\).

1.AccordingtoKirchhoff'svoltagelaw,thesumofthevoltagedropsacrosstheresistor,capacitor,andthevoltagesourceiszero.Thevoltagedropacrosstheresistoris\(v_R(t)=i(t)R\),where\(i(t)\)isthecurrentinthecircuit.Thevoltagedropacrossthecapacitoris\(v_C(t)=\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).2.BysubstitutingtheseexpressionsintoKirchhoff'svoltagelaw\(v(t)=v_R(t)+v_C(t)\),weget\(V_m\sin(\omegat)=i(t)R+\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).3.Takingthederivativeofbothsideswithrespectto\(t\),weobtain\(V_m\omega\cos(\omegat)=R\frac{di(t)}{dt}+\frac{i(t)}{C}\).4.Thisisafirstorderlineardifferentialequation.Thegeneralsolutionofthisequationis\(i(t)=I_m\sin(\omegat+\varphi)\),where\(I_m=\frac{V_m}{\sqrt{R^2+(\frac{1}{\omegaC})^2}}\)and\(\tan\varphi=\frac{1}{\omegaRC}\).

Questions:1.Whatponentsareconnectedinseriesinthecircuit?Answer:Avoltagesource,aresistor,andacapacitor.2.Whatisthevoltagedropacrosstheresistor?Answer:\(v_R(t)=i(t)R\).3.Whatisthevoltagedropacrossthecapacitor?Answer:\(v_C(t)=\frac{1}{C}\int_{\infty}^{t}i(\tau)d\tau\).4.Whatisthegeneralsolutionofthedifferentialequationobtained?Answer:\(i(t)=I_m\sin(\omegat+\varphi)\),where\(I_m=\frac{V_m}{\sqrt{R^2+(\frac{1}{\omegaC})^2}}\)and\(\tan\varphi=\frac{1}{\omegaRC}\).

（二）阅读理解文章二：ACMotorsACmotorsarewidelyusedinindustrialanddomesticapplications.TherearetwomaintypesofACmotors:synchronousmotorsandasynchronousmotors.

SynchronousmotorsrotateataconstantspeedthatisdirectlyrelatedtothefrequencyoftheACpowersupply.Theyhavearotorwithpermanentmagnetsorelectromagnetsthatlockinstepwiththerotatingmagneticfieldproducedbythestatorwindings.Synchronousmotorsareoftenusedinapplicationswhereapreciseconstantspeedisrequired,suchasinsomeindustrialmachineryandclocks.

Asynchronousmotors,ontheotherhand,havearotorthatrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed.Thedifferencebetweenthesynchronousspeedandtherotorspeediscalledtheslip.AsynchronousmotorsarethemostmonlyusedtypeofACmotorduetotheirsimplicity,reliability,andrelativelylowcost.Theyareusedinawiderangeofapplications,includingpumps,fans,andconveyorbelts.

Questions:1.WhatarethetwomaintypesofACmotors?Answer:Synchronousmotorsandasynchronousmotors.2.Howdoesasynchronousmotorrotate?Answer:ItrotatesataconstantspeeddirectlyrelatedtothefrequencyoftheACpowersupply,witharotorthatlocksinstepwiththerotatingmagneticfieldofthestatorwindings.3.Wherearesynchronousmotorsoftenused?Answer:Inapplicationswhereapreciseconstantspeedisrequired,suchassomeindustrialmachineryandclocks.4.Whatisthecharacteristicofanasynchronousmotor'srotorspeed?Answer:Itrotatesataspeedslightlylessthanthesynchronousspeed,andthedifferenceiscalledtheslip.5.Whyareasynchronousmotorsmonlyused?Answer:Becauseoftheirsimplicity,reliability,andrelativelylowcost,andtheyareusedinawiderangeofapplicationslikepumps,fans,andconveyorbelts.

（三）阅读理解文章三：PowerTransmissioninPowerSystemsPowertransmissionisacrucialpartofthepowersystem.Itinvolvesdeliveringelectricityfrompowergenerationplantstotheendusers.Theprocesstypicallystartswiththegenerationofelectricityatpowerplants,whichcanbeofvarioustypessuchasthermal,hydro,ornuclearpowerplants.

Thegeneratedelectricityisthensteppeduptoahighvoltagelevelusingtransformersatthepowerplant.Highvoltagetransmissionlinesareusedtocarrytheelectricityoverlongdistances.Thesetransmissionlinesaredesignedtominimizepowerlossesduringtransmission.Thepowerlossesinatransmissionlinearegivenby\(P_{loss}=I^2R\),where\(I\)isthecurrentflowingthroughthelineand\(R\)istheresistanceoftheline.Byincreasingthevoltage,thecurrentcanbereducedforthesameamountofpowerbeingtransmitted,thusreducingthepowerlosses.

Atthereceivingend,thevoltageissteppeddownusingtransformersatsubstationstoalevelsuitablefordistributiontotheendusers.Thedistributionnetworkthenfurtherdistributestheelectricitytoindividualconsumers,businesses,andindustries.

Questions:1.Whatisthestartingpointofpowertransmission?Answer:Thegenerationofelectricityatpowerplants.2.Howisthegeneratedelectricitypreparedforlongdistancetransmission?Answer:Itissteppeduptoahighvoltagelevelusingtransformersatthepowerplant.3.Whatareusedtocarryelectricityoverlongdistances?Answer:Highvoltagetransmissionlines.4.Howcanpowerlossesinatransmissionlinebereduced?Answer:Byincreasingthevoltage,whichreducesthecurrentforthesamepowerbeingtransmittedas\(P_{loss}=I^2R\).5.Whathappensatthereceivingendofthetransmission?Answer:Thevoltageissteppeddownusingtransformersatsubstationstoasuitablelevelfordistributiontoendusers.

五、翻译练习及答案

（一）词汇与短语翻译1.resistor电阻器2.capacitor电容器3.inductor电感器4.voltage电压5.current电流6.power功率7.Ohm'slaw欧姆定律8.Kirchhoff'slaws基尔霍夫定律9.seriescircuit串联电路10.parallelcircuit并联电路

（二）句子翻译1.Acircuitisaclosedpaththroughwhichelectriccurrentcanflow.翻译：电路是电流能够流过的闭合路径。2.AccordingtoOhm'slaw,thecurrentinaconductorisdirectlyproportionaltothevoltageacrossitandinverselyproportionaltoitsresistance.翻译：根据欧姆定律，导体中的电流与其两端的电压成正比，与电阻成反比。3.ThesynchronousmotorrotatesataconstantspeeddeterminedbythefrequencyoftheACpowersupply.翻译：同步电动机以由交流电源频率决定的恒定速度旋转。4.Powertransmissionistheprocessofdeliveringelectricityfromthepowergenerationplantstothesubstationslocatedneartheloadcenters.翻译：输电是将电能从发电厂输送到位于负载中心附近的变电站的过程。5.Inafeedbackcontrolsystem,theoutputofthesystemismeasuredandfedbacktotheinputtoparewiththereferencesignal.翻译：在反馈控制系统中，系统的输出被测量并反馈到输入端，与参考信号进行比较。

六、写作练习：介绍一种电气设备

介绍直流电动机（DCMotor）

DCMotor:AFundamentalElectricalDevice

DCmotorsareessentialponentsinmanyelectricalandmechanicalsystems.Theyconvertelectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy,providingrotationalmotion.

StructureandWorkingPrinciple

ADCmotormainlyconsistsofastatorandarotor.Thestatorhousesthefieldwindings,whichcreateamagneticfield.Therotor,ontheotherhand,containsthearmaturewindings.Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughthearmaturewindings,aforceisexertedontheconductorsduetotheinteractionbetweenthemagneticfieldandthecurrent.Thisforcecausestherotortorotate.

Advantages

DCmotorsofferseveraladvantages.Theyhavehighstartingtorque,whichmakesthemsuitableforapplicationsthatrequirequickacceleration,suchaselectricvehiclesandindustri