英语语法大全

1攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路作为中国人，要学习与我们的母语完全不同的英语，就必须从英语语法入手。如果将英语比作一座大厦，那么语法就是构成整个大厦的水泥框架，词汇和短语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦，没有坚实的骨架，大厦是无法建成的。为了我们的英语大厦更加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它的骨架。什么是语法？语法就是造句的方法。学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确的英语句子。2.十六种时态及十种被动语态;3.名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、4.定语从句;13.冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等的用法。谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）1.主语：A.在主谓宾结构中，主语是谓语动词动作的发出者；B.在主系表结构中，主语是系动词之前的部分；C.在Therebe结构中，主语是系动词be之后的部分。（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当）一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时间。2他昨天的所作所为令人生气。Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。我买了本新版英语字典。他昨天抓住了一个小偷。Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.1）根据动词在句中的功能，可分为四类：实意动词(NotionalVerb):是具有实际动作意义的词，可以直接跟宾语或加介词后跟宾Weworkhard.系动词(LinkVerb):是连接主语和表语以及帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句、被动语态的词。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,beingThehousehasbeensoldMybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathe助动词(AuxiliaryVerb):是帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句的词。有:do,does,3Shedidn’tdoherhomeIhavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelastevening?情态动词(ModalVerb):是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语、否定句及疑Youmustlearnitbyyourself.Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如:Wearehavingameeting.（having是实义动词）2）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(TransitiveVerb):可以直接跟宾语的动词；不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb):加了介词之后才能跟宾语的动词。缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。3.宾语：在主谓宾结构中，谓语动词动作的承受者。（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。小红赢了比赛。我每天练习弹钢琴。ShekeepsacutemonkeyHerefusedtohelp.4Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Hegavemeabookyesterday.ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.4.表语：在主系表结构中，跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明的部分。（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V式、过去分词和表语从句充当）Thepersonthatshewantstoma51）状态系动词：用来表示主语的状态，只有be,am,is,are,was,were,being,Wearestudents.2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.Thismatterrestsamystery.Thevillagestandsatthefootofthehi3）表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look等词，例如：4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等词，例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout等词，表达"证实"，Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.注意：可带名词作表语的系动词be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn等。注意：turn后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。Thedishsmellsdelici5.定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或从句。（由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当）6一位男老师将教我们英语。我有很多事情要做。在事故中被压死的狗是他的。他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.mum.英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在于它所处的位置，汉语中无论是词、短语或句子作定语时，都放在被修饰词之前，而英语中，只有单个的词或复合形容词作定语时才放在被修饰词之前，其它情况全部放在被修饰词之后。英语中的定语种类有十余种，下面我们分类学习：1）单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词、V-ing、P.P.及复合形容词作定语，放在被修饰词前。amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirlabeautifulgirlalovelybabyanicepresentanhonestboythreetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnineyearsthisbookthosepensmybrotheryoursisterboilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoolareadingroomthesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthecryinggirlboiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointedmotherawarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-hairedwoman2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介词短语thepictureonthewall墙上的画儿架子上的书盒子里的猫thebirdsinthetree树上的鸟theholeinthewall墙上的洞thelampovermyhead我头顶的灯thestudentsinourclass我们班的学生themanstandingthere站在那里的男子thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞台上唱歌的女孩theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩4)“正在被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+being+P.7thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的桥themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召开的会议theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我们老师惩罚的学生themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早将要被召开的会议thestudenttobesenttoAmericabyourschool将被我们学校送往美国的学生theschooltobesetupinthevillage将被建在这个村子里的学校themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被压死的人thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的桥themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召开的会议themaninablackT-shirt穿着黑色T恤的男子thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿着红色迷你裙的女孩themaninasuit穿着西服套装的男子themaninblack穿着黑衣的人thegirlinred穿着红色衣服的女孩thewomaninblue穿着蓝色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿着绿色衣服的男孩9)副词做定语一般后置=the+N+adv.thestudentshere这里的学生themanoverthere那边的男子passengersaboard车（船、飞机）上的乘客10)形容词（形容词短语）做后置定语=the+N+adj.+LA+TAaroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容纳100人的房间abasketfulloffruits装满水果的篮子aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聪明到会说三种语言的男孩agirlofherownage和她年龄相同的女孩birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鸟thebottlesofthesameshape相同形状的瓶子12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+agirlwithlonghair长发女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的男孩Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyearThethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterdayTheN(人)+who/that+be+P.PThethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterdayThegirl(whom/that)Imetint8Theoldman(whom/that)IhelpedyesterdayThedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterdayThehorsewhich/thatranawaylastweekTheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterdayThebook(which/that)IboughtyesterdayThemanwhosesonisadoctorinthishospitalTheroomwhosedoorisgreenSuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmeSuchbooksasIboughtyesterdaySocleveraboyasalltheteacherslikeTheN(时间)+when/介词+which+S+V+O+LA(先行词作状语)Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmericaThemuseum(which/that)IvisitedlastweekTheschool(which/thatTheN(地点)+where/介词+which+S+V+O+TA(先行词作状语)Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworksThefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyearThereason(which/that)hemadeupThereason(which/that)hetoldmeThereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行词作状语)Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayThereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou6.状语：说明谓语动词动作所处的状态（包括时间、地点、原因、比较、目的、结果、条件、方式（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当）在一个宁静的夜晚，他们誓血为盟。尽管在下雨，他们继续工作。即使你给我买票，我也不会跟你去看电影。为了练习发音，我每天都模仿VOA。9当从山顶看时，我们学校看起来很漂亮。7.补语(宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分。（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词）我们选他当班长。这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。母亲每天都让我朗读英语。他让我们等了两个小时。据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。请让我进去。Wewillmakehimmonitor.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeusexcited.8.同位语：表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语或从句。（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句）我们学生应当努力学习。我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到答复。我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会议上讨论。everyone.ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillb英语的基本句型结构只有三种：1.主谓宾结构；2.主系表结构；3.Therebe结构。主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种：1.主谓状结构；2.主谓+双宾语结构；3.主谓宾+宾补结构。IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.IwasinBeijinglastSunTherewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabookyesterday.WemadeTommonitoryesterday.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thepainisdrivingmemad.MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.Heshotthewolfdead.下面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各种状语等的方式来造复杂的英文句子的方法。我们将其称为：积木式造句法。Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredmini-skirt.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.ThehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismyEnglishteacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.ThereisanEnglishbookonChinesehistory,whichwaswrittenbyafamousBritishhistorian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。通过这种造句方法我们可以造出大量语法正确、意思清楚地句子，为我们的英语写作打下坚实的基础。时态的概念：时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间或多个动作发生的时间顺序及所处的状态。时态分为16种主动语态和10种被动语态。主动语态是以动作的发出者作主语的句子；被动语态是以动作的承受着作主语的句子。下面我们分开进行学习：注：加粗的10种时态具有被动语态，其余6种则没有。P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、LA地点状语、LV系动词、TA时间状语、OA其他状语、TP时间段。1.经常发生的动作；2.习惯性的动作；3.客观事实和真理。a.陈述句肯定句：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么。Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.WereadEnglisheveryday.Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.Tomdoesn’tspeakChinc.表示“常常，通常”always,often,sometimes,rarely,frequently,never,seldom,occasionally,usuaHeoftencomestoseeme.Wesometimesstayuplate.Myfatherisalwaysbusy.Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.e.选择疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做A还是是做B。Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.g.特殊疑问句式：提问主语在什么时间、地点、原因、方式等做什么。Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?Aren’tyoubusytoday?Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?Hebecomesusedtoloneliness.Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.Openthedoor,please.Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,please.Gotothecinemawithmethisevening,will/won’tyou?Don’topenthedoor,Letushelpthem,willyou?a.陈述句肯定句式：表示主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里。Theyareintelligent.b.陈述句否定句式：表示主语现在或当前不是什么、不怎么样、不在哪里。Theyaren’tintheclc.一般疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.IsyourfatherateacheroradoctAreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,yof.特殊疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗Becarefulnexttime,please.Don’tbelateagain,please.Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?Don’tbeangry,willyou?③Therebe结构的句子：表示现在或当前什么地方有什么。Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.ThereisnotanywaterintheglaTherearen’tanystudYes,thereare./No,therearen’t.Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?2.一般过去时：1.表示主语过去经常做什么或习惯于做什么；2.表示过去某一时间发生某事；3.表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里；4.表示过去什么地方有什么。①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间主语做过什么或某事发生过。Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.Didyouseehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholidaynextweek?Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterdayafternoon?Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.Youdidn’tgotoschoolyeWhoplayedfootballyesterday?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?Wheredidyougolastevening?HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?②主系表结构的句子：表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里。Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.Weweren’tathomelastevening.Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasHewasagoodboyinthepast,wYes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.Whatwashetwoyearsago?Wherewereyoulastmonth?③Therebe结构的句式：表示过去什么地方有什么。Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearThereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.①主谓宾结构的句子：表示主语在将来的某个时间将要做什么。Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.SheisgoingtostudyinAmericaWearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmWhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?Weshallnothaveapartythisevening.Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthisevening.Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?Willyouhelpcarrythebox?Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?Whenwillyougotoseehim?Themeetingistostartat2:30.Theyareleaving.②主系表结构的句子：表示主语将来将会是什么、怎么样、在哪里。Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?YouaregoingtobeateacheSheisnotgoingtobeanurseaftergraduation,isshe?TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?WhatareyougoingtobeintheWhereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?③Therebe结构的句式：表示将来什么地方将会有什么。Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrowafternoon.Therewillbeaheavyrainthisevening.Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschooltomorrow.Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisevening.Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthisevening,isthTherewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,willthere?Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythisevening?WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyourschoolnextyear?Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythisevening?①主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将做某事。通常作宾语从Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpustheneSheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherweddingonthatSunday.Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglishthenextterm.IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoseehim.Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctoraftergraduation.Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenextterm.Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethat③Therebe结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间什么地方将会有什么。通常HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmyrefrigerator.Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatchatourschoolthatafternoon.Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthatevening.Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatourEnglishpartythatevening.5.现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/IssheplayingthepianoinherroomnoAretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?WhoissinginginthenWherearetheyplayingfootballnow?Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?6.过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoseethem.IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwenttoseethem.Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’tshe?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasWassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougotthere?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.thismorning?Theywereplayingfootball.WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyourmothergothome?IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelastev7.将来进行时：表示在将来的某个时间主语将会正在做某事或某事正在发生。atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/eveninI’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear.evening.Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyougethome,isYes,Iwill./No,IwoAreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear?Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneseatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomethisevening.Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrowafternoon?Wherewillyoubewaitingformethisevening?Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning?8.过去将来进行时：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将会正在做某事或某事正在发HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMaytoJulythenextyear.Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrowmorning.Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthatafternoon.Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthatevening.Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythatSaturdayevening.Hewantedtoknowwheththatevening.Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenextmorning.9.现在完成时:①主谓宾结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经做过某事或某事已经发生。Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepastfewyears.Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whathaveyoudonetomydog?Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?②主系表结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、在哪里多IhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiHehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedaMyfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Hasyourmotherbeenanursefortwenty-fiveyears?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?③Therebe结构的句子：表示到目前为止什么地方已经有过什么或有什么多长时间了。TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepastfewyears.Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.Therehasbeenanaccident,hasn'tthere?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.HavetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityiYes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?Therehavebeen44menwhoservedasUSPresidentasof2015.Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去某一时间之前主语已经做过某事或某事已经发生。Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergothome.Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.IhadneverseenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownforuniversity.Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.Youhadalreadyseenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?Yes,Ihad./No,IhadTomhadn’tlearntChinesebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?②主系表结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间之前主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、在哪里多IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenIresigned.Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.HehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleftforShenzhen.Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewassenttohospital.Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethereunion.Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygot