福建省部分学校教学联盟高一下学期开学质量监测英语试题

2023~2024学年第二学期福建省部分学校教学联盟高一年级开学质量监测英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟；满分：150分）请将所有答案填写到答题卡的相应位置上！请不要错位、越界答题！第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanplantogothisyear?A.Europe. B.Asia. C.SouthAmerica.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:AreyougoingtoEuropeforyourvacationthisyear?M:No,wegothereeveryyearandwehavealreadybeentoAsiaacoupleoftimes.ButwehaveneverbeentoSouthAmerica,sowearegoingthere.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwilltheelectricitybeonagaintonight?A.At7:00pm. B.At9:00pm. C.At10:00pm.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iheardtherewillbeapowercuttonight.W:Don’tworry.I’vealreadyboughtsomecandles.M:Sowhenwillitbegin?W:It’llbeginat7:00pmandwilllastforthreehours.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchdidtheicecreamcost?A.$5. B.$9. C.$10.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Thatwasexpensive.Ionlygotonedollarchange.WhenIwasyoung,evenfivedollarswouldhavebeenacrazypriceforanicecream.W:Yougavehimtendollars?Surely,hehasmadeamistake.Gobackandask.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherewillthespeakersmeet?AAtthestation. B.Infrontofthecinema. C.Atthechurch.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Thefilmisverygood.Shallwemeetat8:00pmattheentranceofthecinema?W:Allright.ButhowcanIgetthere?M:Whenyougetoutofthestation,turnleftandthenkeepwalkinguntilyouetoachurch.Thecinemaisjustopposite.W:Yes,Iknow.Seeyouthen.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whyhasthemanealongwaytoseethewoman?A.Tohaveaninterview. B.Toaskaboutalawyer. C.Toregisteranadvertisement.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Well,MrLi.It’searlyandyou’veealongwayjustforaninterview.M:Yes.IreadyouradvertisementinthenewspaperandmyauntsaidthisisagoodpanyandsinceI’dliketobealawyersomeday,wethoughtthejobwouldgivemeanewstart.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’shandwriting?A.Itiselegant. B.Itismessy. C.Itisstandard.7.Whatisthewomanwriting?A.Ascientificpaper. B.Ashoppinglist. C.Anewsreport.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M:Yourhandwritingisabitofamess.W:Iknow.I’musedtotyping.Ihaven’treallywrittenanythingsincehighschool.M:Weusedtohavetopracticehandwritinginschooleveryday.Theteachersaidminewaselegant.W:That’squiteimpressive.Iwashappyjusttogetastandardgradeinwriting,butthankfullythehandwritingisn’tbeingmarked.M:Er,whatareyouwritinganyway?W:It’sascientificstudyontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectriccars.I’llgetmyputerbackfromtherepairshoptomorrow.SoI’lltypethemupthen.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday. B.Thursday. C.Friday.9.Whathasstoppedthewomantakingthetablebythewindow?A.It’salreadybeenreserved. B.It’sinthesmokingarea. C.Itcostsmore.10.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Tryanotherrestaurant. B.Chooseanoutdoortable. C.Makeareservationanotherday.【答案】8.A9.B10.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,BlueHillsatFoxRiver.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Hello,I’dliketoreserveatablefortwoat8:00thisFridayevening.M:ThisFriday…thatwouldbethedayaftertomorrow.MayIhaveyourname,Madam?W:It’sLisaFremont,andI’dlikethetabletobenearthewindow,please.M:Wedostillhaveonetablebythewindowavailable,Ms.Fremont,butit’sinthesmokingarea.Canyouacceptthat?W:No.Ican’tbearthecigarettes.PerhapsIshouldmakeareservationatyourplacesomeotherday…M:Wellwhynotchooseanoutdoortable,Ms.Fremont?Ithinkitwouldbenicetoenjoyyourmealintheopenaironapleasantsummerevening.W:You’vegotapoint.Okay.Thanks.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Benefitsofexercise. B.Waysofkeepingfit. C.Tipsforlosingweight.12.Whatdoesthescientificjournalsayaboutkeepingfit?A.Regularmildphysicalactivityworksbetter.B.Workingoutatthegymisthemostrewarding.C.Avoideatingafterdoingintensive(高强度的)exercise.13.WhatdoesRashmidotostayfit?A.Heworksoutatthegym. B.Herunsinthepark. C.Hegoescycling.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyouadvisepeopletostayfitandhealthy,Rashmi?M:Well,Iwasreadingascientificjournaljustthismorningsayingthatworkingoutatthegymisactuallylesseffectivethangoingforawalkregularlyinthepark.W:Really?Whydiditsaythat?M:Ithinktheideaisthatifyoudoreallyintensiveexercise,thenyou’remorelikelytorewardyourselfwithabiggersnackattheendofthesession.Butifyoujuststretchyourlegsoftenortakeregulargentleexercise,itdoesn’thavethesameeffect.W:Sowhatdoyoudo?You’reinprettygoodshape.M:Well,Itrynottopaytoomuchattentiontomyweight.I’veneverbeenafanofthegymandInevergoforarun—Ifinditboring.ButrecentlyI’vegotintoroadcycling.Everycoupleofweeksafewofusgooutforarideinthecountryside—40or50kilometers.Thescenery’sbeautifulandit’sagreatwaytoenjoynatureandstayfitatthesametime.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatproblemdoesthewomanface?A.Shecan’tturnonherputer. B.Shecan’topenadocument. C.Shecan’thandleherwork.15.Whendidthewoman’sproblemoccur?A.Yesterdaymorning. B.Lastnight. C.Thismorning.16.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Sendhimanemail. B.etohisplace. C.Givehimacall.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:HiJason.Sorrytobotheryou.I’vebeenhavingaproblemwithmyputer.Ithoughtyoumightbeabletohelpme.M:Isee.What’stheproblem?W:IhaveafilethatIcan’taccessforsomereason.Ihavetohanditintomorrow.M:Wereyouabletoopenitbefore,ontheputeryou’reusingnow?W:Yes,Iwasworkingonitlastnightandeverythingwasfine,butthismorningIcouldn’topenit.M:Doyouthinkyourputermighthaveavirus?W:No,Icheckedandthereweren’tany.M:I’mnotsurewhat’swrong.Ifit’spossible,emailthefiletomeandI’llseeifIcangetittoopen.W:OK,I’lldothatwhenIgethome.M:I’llbehomeafter8p.m.SendittomewhenyougetachanceandI’llcallyoulater.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.What’sthetalkmainlyabout?AThedevelopmentofthebicycle.B.Thematerialsofmakingthebicycle.C.Theprocessofthebicycle’sbeingpopular.18.WhatisthedisadvantageofthebicyclebeforeMacMillan’sdesign?A.Thebicyclecouldn’tchangedirections.B.Thewheelsofthebicycleweren’twellfixed.C.Therider’sfeetcouldn’tleavetheground.19.Whenwasthesizeofthebicycle’swheelschanged?A.In1817. B.In1839. C.In1869.20.Whathappenedin1884?A.Bicyclesfirsthadrubbertires.B.The“safetybicycle”appeared.C.Bicyclescouldrunfaster.【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.B【解析】【详解】ThefirstbicycleappearedinFranceinthe1790s.Itwasalittlewoodenhorsewithafixedfrontwheel.Becausethewheelwasfixed,itcouldnotbeturnedrightorleft.Theonlywayitcouldbecontrolledwasbytheriderpushingagainstthegroundwithhisorherfeet.In1817,aGermanreplacedthefixedfrontwheelwithonethatcouldbeturned.Nowthewoodenhorsecouldbedirectedrightorleft.Theriderstillneededtopushitwithhisorherfeetontheground.In1839,aScottishMacMillandesignedthefirstbicyclelikemachinewithfootboardandrodeitfor40milesinonly5hours.Thebicyclegotmorefortablein1869whenrubbertireswereintroduced.Aroundthesametime,thefrontwheelsbegantogrowlargerwhilethebackwheelsgotsmaller.Duringthe1880s,bicyclesenjoyedasuddengrowthinpopularity.However,theyweren’tverysafe.Sittinghighuptowardsthefrontofthebicycleandtravelingveryfast,theridercouldbeeasilythrownoverthefrontwheelifthebicyclehitasmallstone.Fortunately,the“safetybicycle”wasinventedin1884.Thesafetybicyclehadequalsizedwheelsandtireswithairinthem.Andmoreimprovementsquicklyfollowed.Nodoubttherewillbefurtherimprovementsindesignandmaterialsinthefuture.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWeletoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsanA590fromJB6,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:Windermere20minutes,Kendal25minutes,Lancaster45minutes,Manchester1hour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCarkinCartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSundayFriday(closedonSaturday)11:00am4:00pm,30March2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:£12.00£8.00Groups£9£5.5SpecialEventsProducers:Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebrateits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensisgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggifswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A.20minutes. B.25minutes.C.45minutes. D.90minutes.22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Cardens?A.£12.00. B.£9.00.C.£8.0 D.£5.5023.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers’Market. B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay. D.WinterMarket.【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解析】【分析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去HolkerHall&Garden旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Bycar里Approximatetraveltimes后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1hourand30minutes，即90分钟，故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges可知，团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9英镑。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段WinterMarket中最后一句Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去WinterMarket。故选D。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，1hourand30minutes，即90分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信息句即可得出答案。BOpeningthepagesofLiubaDrawsBeijingtakesyouonafascinatingvisualjourneythroughtheheartofChina’sbusycapitalcity.Withinitslivelywatercolors,traditionalhutong,thegrandSummerPalace,andthecontemporarycharmofBeijing’sSanlitunand798ArtDistrictallealivethroughtheartisticlensofLiubaVladimirova,morefamouslyknownasLiubaDraws.Vladimirova’sjourneyfromtheicySiberiancityofIrkutsktothevitalBeijingstartedduringhercollegeyears,whenshemencedwithanacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang,inNortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince.ItwasduringthistransformativeperiodthatshefirstsetfootinBeijing.Sincethen,heraffectionforthecityhasbeenundeniable.Vladimirova’spathasanartistwasfarfromlinear(直线的).SincechildhoodVladimirovahasdevelopedalovefordrawingandpainting.However,shepursuedadifferentacademicandprofessionalroute,studyingChineseandinternationaltradeincollegeandlaterworkingintraderelationsbetweenRussiaandChina,noneofwhichwasdirectlyconnectedtotheworldofart.Yet,Vladimirova’sinnerartistremainedalive.In2015,VladimirovabegancraftingaseriesofillustrationscenteredaroundBeijing,properlynamed“TheBeijingCalendar”.WhatattractsVladimirovamostisBeijing’shistorichutong.Thesenarrowalleyways,richinhistoryandculture,serveasawellspring(源泉)ofinspirationforherartistry.Vladimirova’sabilitytocatchthesehiddensmalldifferenceslikelyesfromheruniqueperspectiveasan“outsider”—someonewhodidn’tgrowupinBeijing.Thisfreshperspectiveallowedhertoarriveinthecitywithfresheyesandaneagerheart,readytoembraceanewculture.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“mencedwith”meaninparagraph2?AImproved. B.Began. C.Resisted. D.Assessed.25.WhatdoweknowaboutVladimirovafromparagraph3?A.Shegaveupherdream. B.Shewonmanyartprizesseveralyearsago.C.Shewashardworkingoverherchildhood. D.Shedelayedherartisticcareer.26.Whydoestheauthormentionhutong?A.TopraiseBeijing’sarchitecture. B.ToshowtheinspirationofVladimirova’sartmaking.C.Tostatethemaincontentsofanartbook. D.ToadvisetouriststovisitBeijing.27.WhichstatementbestsummarizesVladimirova’ssuccess?A.Curiosityworkswonders. B.Hardworkpaysoffintime.C.Theworldisdiverseandlively. D.Paintinghasnonationalboundaries.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了胡同里的外国艺术家俄罗斯插画师LiubaVladimirova以及她用水彩为北京手绘的“纪念册”——《Liuba画北京》。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线部分所在句中的“Vladimirova’sjourneyfromtheicySiberiancityofIrkutsktothevitalBeijingstartedduringhercollegeyears(弗拉基米罗娃从冰冷的西伯利亚城市伊尔库茨克到充满活力的北京的旅程始于她的大学时代)”可知，Vladimirova在上大学时来到北京；由划线部分所在从句“whenshe

mencedwith

anacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang,inNortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince(当时她mencedwith一个学术交流项目，将她所在的俄罗斯大学与中国东北辽宁省沈阳的辽宁大学联系起来)”以及下文“ItwasduringthistransformativeperiodthatshefirstsetfootinBeijing.(正是在这一变革时期，她第一次踏上了北京的土地)”可知，她由于在大学期间来到辽宁大学开始学术交流项目而有机会去北京；“she

mencedwith

anacademicexchangeprogramconnectingherRussianuniversitywithLiaoningUniversityinShenyang”表达的意思为“她开始了她的俄罗斯大学与沈阳辽宁大学的学术交流项目”，“mencedwith”意为“开始”，与B选项began表达意思一致。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Vladimirova’spathasanartistwasfarfromlinear(直线的).SincechildhoodVladimirovahasdevelopedalovefordrawingandpainting.However,shepursuedadifferentacademicandprofessionalroute,studyingChineseandinternationaltradeincollegeandlaterworkingintraderelationsbetweenRussiaandChina,noneofwhichwasdirectlyconnectedtotheworldofart.Yet,Vladimirova’sinnerartistremainedalive.(Vladimirova作为艺术家的道路远非直线的。Vladimirova从小就对绘画和绘画产生了热爱。然而，她追求不同的学术和专业路线，在大学学习中国和国际贸易，后来从事中俄贸易关系方面的工作，这些都与艺术界没有直接联系。然而，Vladimirova内心的艺术家仍然活着)”可知，尽管Vladimirova从小就对绘画和绘画产生了热爱，但是她在大学学习中国和国际贸易，并从事中俄贸易关系方面的工作；由此可知，她一开始从事的是与艺术没有联系的工作，后来才从事艺术行业，她推迟了她的艺术生涯。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“In2015,VladimirovabegancraftingaseriesofillustrationscenteredaroundBeijing,properlynamed“TheBeijingCalendar”.WhatattractsVladimirovamostisBeijing’shistorichutong.Thesenarrowalleyways,richinhistoryandculture,serveasawellspring(源泉)ofinspirationforherartistry.(2015年，Vladimirova开始创作一系列以北京为中心的插图，并将其命名为“北京日历”。最吸引Vladimirova的是北京历史悠久的胡同。这些历史文化丰富的窄巷是她艺术创作灵感的源泉)”可知，最吸引Vladimirova的是北京历史悠久的胡同，历史文化丰富的窄巷是她艺术创作灵感的源泉；由此推知，作者提到胡同是为了展示Vladimirova艺术创作的灵感。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Vladimirova’sabilitytocatchthesehiddensmalldifferenceslikelyesfromheruniqueperspectiveasan“outsider”—someonewhodidn’tgrowupinBeijing.Thisfreshperspectiveallowedhertoarriveinthecitywithfresheyesandaneagerheart,readytoembraceanewculture.(Vladimirova能够捕捉到这些隐藏的细微差异，可能是因为她作为一个‘局外人’——一个不在北京长大的人——的独特视角。这种全新的视角让她带着全新的眼光和渴望的心来到这座城市，准备接受一种新的文化)”可知，Vladimirova的展示北京的绘画之所以如此成功是她对这座城市充满好奇心，以一个“局外人”的身份带着全新的眼光和渴望的心来到北京，以全新的视角去接受一种新的文化。由此推知，A选项“Curiosityworkswonders.(好奇心能创造奇迹)”能够最好地概括Vladimirova的成功。故选A。CRecyclingisagreatwayofdoingyourbitfortheenvironmentandhelpingtoprotecttheearth’spreciousresources.However,anewstudyhasrevealedthatourdesiretobesustainablemaybedoingmoreharmthangood.AccordingtowastepanyBiffa,thisisbecauseof“wishcycling”—assumingthatitemssuchasdisposablecoffeecupsandpizzaboxeswillberecycledifputintherecyclingbin.Infact,pollutionfromthoseitemsorothernonrecyclablescanresultinrecyclableitemsthathavebeenputinthecorrectbingoingtolandfill.DavidHeaton,abusinessdirectoratBiffa,said:“Pollutionhappenswhenitemsaredisposedofinthewrongbinsorhaven’tbeencleanedbeforebeingrecycled.”ExpertsatBiffaanalyzedtheamountsofnontargetandnonrecyclablematerialsthatenteredUKmaterialrecyclingfacilitiesbetween2016and2020.Itwasfoundthat,in2016,theaveragepollutionrateofrecyclingwastewas13.4percent,risingoverfouryearsto17percentbytheendof2020.Thisshowsthat,evenaspeoplearebeingmoreecoconscious,wishcyclingisincreasingbothinhouseholdsandbusinesses.TheBiffaexpertssaythatoneofthebestwaystopreventpollutionofrecyclingistocleanrecyclablewastebeforeputtingitinthebin.Theysuggestcuttingoffthetopofoldpizzaboxesandonlyrecyclingthatparttoavoidpollutionfromthegrease(油脂).ChecktheonpackagingrecyclinglabeltocheckitcanactuallyberecycledWhenitestoplastics,Biffaremendscheckingtheresincode,thenumberintheplastictriangle,toknowwhetheritshouldgointherecyclingbin.Ingeneral,resincodes1,2,4and5arerecyclable,while3,6and7arenot.Largeritems,likeelectronics,furnitureandbatteries,canalsoberecycledbutoftencannotgoinhouseholdrecyclingbinsastheyneedspecialistseparating.Thesewillneedtobetakentorecyclingcentersorsustainablewastemanagementpanies.“It’svitalasanationthatwegetbetterateffective‘precycling’—sortingwastecorrectlybeforecollectiontoreducepollutionrates,”addedMr.Heaton.28What’sthetruthof“wishcycling”accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Thedesiretoleadasustainablelife.B.Thegoodintentiontohelprecycling.C.Thehabitofthrowingitemsthatendupinlandfills.D.Thepracticeofrecyclingitemsthatcannotberecycled.29.WhathasexpertsatBiffaconcludedaftertheiranalysis?A.Peoplearebeingmoreecoconscious.B.Wishcyclingisontheriseinrecentyears.C.Pollutionhappenslessfrequentlyinrecyclingfacilities.D.Peopleareusedtocleaningrecyclablewastebeforeputtingitinthebin.30.Whichofthefollowingisaproperwayofrecycling?A.Disposeofelectronicstogetherwithhouseholdwaste.B.Skipthestepofcheckingtheonpackagingrecyclinglabel.C.Checktheresincodeofplasticstoseewhetheritisrecyclableornot.D.Cutoffthetopofoldpizzaboxandthrowtheresttotherecyclingbin.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Recycling:aBigProject B.Wishcycling:aNewTrendC.Wishcycling:aGrowingConcern D.Precycling:anEffectiveMethod【答案】28.B29.B30.C31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“希望循环”所带来的问题，同时文章就如何正确回收提出建议。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“However,anewstudyhasrevealedthatourdesiretobesustainablemaybedoingmoreharmthangood.(然而，一项新的研究表明，我们对可持续发展的渴望可能弊大于利)”和“thisisbecauseof“wishcycling”—assumingthatitemssuchasdisposablecoffeecupsandpizzaboxeswillberecycledifputintherecyclingbin.(这是因为“希望循环”——认为一次性咖啡杯和比萨饼盒等物品如果放入回收箱就会被回收)”可知，“希望循环”的真相是人们认为把垃圾扔进回收箱就会被回收。由此可推知，这是一种帮助回收利用的好意。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thisshowsthat,evenaspeoplearebeingmoreecoconscious,wishcyclingisincreasingbothinhouseholdsandbusinesses.(这表明，尽管人们越来越注重环保，但在家庭和企业中，“希望循环”的数量都在增加)”可知，近年来，“希望循环”的数量正在不断增加。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenitestoplastics,Biffaremendscheckingtheresincode,thenumberintheplastictriangle,toknowwhetheritshouldgointherecyclingbin.(当谈到塑料时，Biffa建议检查树脂代码，即塑料三角形中的数字，以了解它是否应该放入回收箱)”可知，检查塑料的树脂代码，看看它是否可回收，这是合适的回收方法，故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“However,anewstudyhasrevealedthatourdesiretobesustainablemaybedoingmoreharmthangood.AccordingtowastepanyBiffa,thisisbecauseof“wishcycling”—assumingthatitemssuchasdisposablecoffeecupsandpizzaboxeswillberecycledifputintherecyclingbin.Infact,pollutionfromthoseitemsorothernonrecyclablescanresultinrecyclableitemsthathavebeenputinthecorrectbingoingtolandfill.(然而，一项新的研究表明，我们对可持续发展的渴望可能弊大于利。据废品处理公司Biffa称，这是因为“希望循环”——假设一次性咖啡杯和比萨饼盒等物品如果放入回收箱就会被回收利用。事实上，来自这些物品或其他不可回收物品的污染会导致已经放入正确垃圾箱的可回收物品被送往垃圾填埋场)”可知，文章主要讲述了“希望回收”所带来的问题，同时文章就如何正确回收提出建议，由此可推知，C项“希望循环：一个日益关注的问题”适合做文章标题。故选C。DInhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihaveetotheconclusionthatthereisonlyonewaytogetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsismon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustpetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneresoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(阐述)anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(异议)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.33.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills. B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored. D.Theyarenotconfidentinthemselves.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend. B.Explain. C.Conclude. D.Repeat.35.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic. B.Solidsupportingevidence.C.Propermanners. D.Understandingfrombothsides.【答案】32.A33.B34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thisdistasteforargumentsismon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustpetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spellout意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Growingplantsisoftenseenasavery“green”thingtodo,butlikemanyproducts,theytakeahugeamountofenergytoproduce.____36____Forexample,theyusegeothermal(地热的)energytoheatgreenhousesandsolarpowertosupplyelectricityandlighting.Whiledomesticgrowingdoesn’tinvolvethesamecarbonfootprintasmercialgrowing,it’simportanttoconsiderwhatwecanalldotominimizeourownimpactwhilestillenjoyinggrowingplants.Overconsumptionofplantsisabigissue.It’ssoeasytogetoverexcitedwhenyouseealltheseincredibleplants,andyoucanendupcarryinghomehugenumbersofthem.____37____Themoreplantsyouhave,themorelimitedyourtimeandresourcesbee,andplantscansuffer.Thisleadstoanotherissuemanypeoplemayendupthrowingawaytheirplantswhichdon’tlookperfectorstopflowering,inasimilarwaytotheworldoffastfashion.____38____.Ifyouarereadyandabletoincreaseyourcollection,propagate(繁殖)fromyourownplantsratherthanbuyingmore,andshareplantswithothers.____39____Meanwhile,wecanbuildamunityoflikeminded,passionateplantpeople.Recyclingtakesahugeamountofinput,whichcanendupmoredamagingtotheenvironment,soinsteadofbuyingsomethingoflowerqualitythatneedsreplacingeveryyear,buyfewerthingsofahigherquality.____40____Andtheycanbepasseddownthegenerations.A.Butlargecollectionscallforanenormousamountofwork.B.Manymercialgrowerscontinuetomarkettheirproduce.C.Thisremovestheneedtobuyplantsandencouragesasharingculture.D.Thesewilllastmanyyearsandbemorecosteffectiveinthelongterm.E.Soit’simportanttoassessyourcollectionandbuyplantsyouhavetimetolookafter.F.Throwingthemawaywillgreatlyreduceyourgardeningfootprintontheenvironment.G.Manylargescalegrowershaveusedtechnologytominimizetheirimpactontheenvironment.【答案】36.G37.A38.E39.C40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。【36题详解】上文“Growingplantsisoftenseenasavery“green”thingtodo,butlikemanyproducts,theytakeahugeamountofenergytoproduce.(种植植物通常被认为是一件非常“绿色”的事情，但是像许多产品一样，它们需要大量的能量来生产。)”提到种植植物需要大量的能量，下文“Forexample,theyusegeothermal(地热的)energytoheatgreenhousesandsolarpowertosupplyelectricityandlighting.(例如，他们利用地热能加热温室，利用太阳能供