初中英语句子成分和简单句

初中英语句子成分和简单句PAGEPAGE1英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：Thecarisrunningfast./ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.(名词)Wearestudents./Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai./Twoandthreeisfinve.(数词)Theblindneedmorehelp.(名词化的形容词)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：由单一动词作谓语：WeareChinese./HehasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.情态动词加主要动词：Wecanplaythepiano./Youmustseethedoctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)Sheisathome.(介词短语)（人）Hegavehissonsomeadvice.=Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.Fatherboughtmeacomputer.=Fatherboughtacomputerforme.6.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：Whatabeautifulkiteitis！/Theyhaveacleverson.(形容词)Sheisachemistryteacher./Itisacolorfilm.(名词)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)Thissongisbetterthanthatone.(代词)Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?(副词)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。7.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thankyouverymuch.(副词表示程度)Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.(副词表示方式)Heusuallygetsupatsix.(副词表示时间)Weallworkhere.(副词表示地点)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语表示时间)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.8.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：Weelectedhimmonitor./(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell./Thesunkeepsuswarm./Wefindthestoryveryinterestingh.(形容词)Ifoundherintheroom.(介词短语)Pleaselethimin./IsawhimoutwithXiaoLi.(副词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词

Shecame．/Myheadaches.

主语＋及物动词＋宾语

ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词

＋表语

Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词

＋

宾语

＋

宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage（There+be

Thereliesabookonthedesk.

）句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七