动态主机配置协议基本信息

文章编号169289-查看本文应用注意：本篇文章的内容适用于其他版本的Windows(不包括您正在使用的版本)WindowsXP(DHCPRFC1541（RFC文章编号169289-查看本文应用注意：本篇文章的内容适用于其他版本的Windows(不包括您正在使用的版本)WindowsXP(DHCPRFC1541（RFC2131取代）IP地址和配置信息动态分发给客户端。正常情况下，DHCP服务IP(DNS)WindowsInternet(WINS)DHCP服务MicrosoftDHCPWindowsNTServer3.5、3.51WindowsNTWorkstation3.5、3.51WindowsMS-DOSMicrosoftMS-DOSMicrosoftLANManagerWindowsMicrosoftTCP/IP-323.11、3.11aDHCPDHCPMicrosoftDHCPDHCPMicrosoft121005(http:///kb/121005/zh-cnDHCPMicrosoftDHCPWindowsNTServer3.5WindowsNTServer3.51WindowsNTServer4.0DHCPSourceDestSourceDestPacketMACaddrMACaddrIPaddrIPaddr---ClientBroadcast55DHCPDiscoverDHCPsrvrBroadcastDHCPsrvr55DHCPOfferClient55DHCPRequestDHCPsrvrBroadcastDHCPsrvr55DHCPDHCPDHCPDHCPDISCOVERDHCPDISCOVERIPDHCPIP部分，您可以看到目的地址为5。DHCPDiscoverCHADDRDHCP的IP:ID=0x0;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughputIP: 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328(0x148)IP:Identification=0(0x0)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MayfragmentifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagramIP:Checksum=0x39A6IP:SourceAddress=IP:DestinationAddress=55IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=308(0x0134)DHCP:Discover(xid=21274A1D)DHCP:OpCode(op)=1(0x1)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=556223005(0x21274A1D)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPDiscoverDHCP:Client-identifier=(Type:1)08002b2ed85eDHCP:HostName=JUMBO-WSDHCP:ParameterRequestList=(Length:7)010f032c2e2f06DHCP:EndofthisoptionfieldDHCPDHCPOFFERIPDHCPIP55。DHCPDHCPDHCPOFFERIPDHCPIP55。DHCPOffer。YIADDRIP地址。请注意，CHADDRDHCP选项字段部分，我们可以看到服务器发送的各个选项以及IP地址。在这种情况下，服务器将发送子网掩码、默认网关（路由器）、租用时间、WINS服务器地址（NetBIOS名称服务）NetBIOSIP:ID=0x3C30;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughput 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328IP:Identification=15408(0x3C30)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MaydatagramifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagram=0x2FA8IP:SourceAddress=51IP:DestinationAddress=255255255.255IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=(0x0134)DHCP:Offer(xid=21274A1D)DHCP:OpCode(op)=2(0x2)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=556223005(0x21274A1D)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPOfferDHCP:SubnetMask=DHCP:RenewalTimeValue(T1)=8Days,0:00:00DHCP:RebindingTimeValue(T2)=14Days,0:00:00DHCP:IPAddressLeaseTime=16Days,0:00:00DHCP:ServerIdentifier=51DHCP:Router=DHCP:NetBIOSNameService=54DHCP:NetBIOSNodeType=(Length:1)04DHCP:EndofthisoptionfieldDHCPREQUESTDHCPOFFERIP55。由于客DHCPOffer的预约，因此目DHCP服务器知道，它们可以释放其提供的地址并将其返回到可用池中。DHCPRequestDHCP验证所提供的地址：请求的地址字段。DHCP：服务器标识符字段显示提供租用的DHCP服务器的IP地址。IP:ID=0x100;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughputIP: 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328(0x148)IP:Identification=256(0x100)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MaydatagramifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagram=0x38A6IP:SourceAddress=IP:DestinationAddress=55IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=308(0x0134)DHCP:Request(xid=21274A1D)DHCP:OpCode(op)=1(0x1)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=556223005(0x21274A1D)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPRequestDHCP:Client-identifier=(Type:1)08002b2ed85eDHCP:RequestedAddress=DHCP:ServerIdentifier=51DHCP:HostName=JUMBO-WSDHCP:ParameterRequestList=(Length:7)010f032c2e2f06DHCP:EndofthisoptionfieldDHCPDHCPACKDHCPREQUESTDHCPIP55。YIADDR字段包含客户端的地址、CHADDR和DHCP：客户端标识符字段是请求客户端中网卡的物理地址。DHCP选项部分将数据包识别为ACK。IP:ID=0x3D30;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughput 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328IP:Identification=15664(0x3D30)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MaydatagramifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagram=0x2EA8IP:SourceAddress=51IP:DestinationAddress=255255255.255IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=(0x0134)DHCP:ACK(xid=21274A1D)DHCP:OpCode(op)=2(0x2)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=556223005(0x21274A1D)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPACKDHCP:RenewalTimeValue(T1)=8Days,0:00:00DHCP:RebindingTimeValue(T2)=14Days,0:00:00DHCP:IPAddressLeaseTime=16Days,0:00:00DHCP:ServerIdentifier=51DHCP:SubnetMask=DHCP:Router=DHCP:NetBIOSNameService=54DHCP:NetBIOSNodeType=(Length:1)04DHCP:EndofthisoptionfieldDHCPIPDHCPREQUESTIP，目的55。MicrosoftDHCPDHCPRFC的客户端将使用请求的地址填充CIADDRField字段。MicrosoftDHCP服务器将接受其中任意一个。IP:ID=0x0;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughputIP: 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328(0x148)IP:Identification=0(0x0)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MayfragmentifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagramIP:Checksum=0x39A6IP:SourceAddress=IP:DestinationAddress=55IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=308(0x0134)DHCP:Request(xid=2757554E)DHCP:OpCode(op)=1(0x1)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=660034894(0x2757554E)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPRequestDHCP:Client-identifier=(Type:1)08002b2ed85eDHCP:RequestedAddress=DHCP:HostName=JUMBO-WSDHCP:ParameterRequestList=(Length:7)010f032c2e2f06DHCP:Endofthisoptionfield此时，服务器可能响应，也可能不响应。WindowsNTDHCP服务器的行为取决于所用的操作系统版本以及超级作用域等其他因素。如果服务器确定客户端仍可以使用该地址，它将保持静默或ACKDHCPREQUEST。如果服务器确定客户端无法使用该地址，它将发送NACK。IP:ID=0x3F1A;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughput 0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328IP:Identification=16154(0x3F1A)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=Lastfragmentindatagram 0.=MaydatagramifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagram=0x2CBEIP:SourceAddress=51IP:DestinationAddress=255255255.255IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=(0x0134)DHCP:NACK(xid=74A005CE)DHCP:OpCode(op)=2(0x2)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=1956644302(0x74A005CE)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)=<Blank>DHCP:BootFileName(file)=<Blank>DHCP:MagicCookie=[OK]DHCP:OptionField(options)DHCP:DHCPMessageType=DHCPNACKDHCP:ServerIdentifier=51DHCP:EndofthisoptionDHCPDISCOVERIP:ID=0x100;Proto=UDP;Len:328IP:Version=4(0x4)IP:HeaderLength=20(0x14)IP:ServiceType=0(0x0)IP:Precedence=RoutineIP:...0....=NormalDelayIP:....0...=NormalThroughputIP:.........0..=NormalReliabilityIP:TotalLength=328(0x148)IP:Identification=256(0x100)IP:FlagsSummary=0(0x0)IP:.......0=LastfragmentindatagramIP.................0.=MayfragmentdatagramifnecessaryIP:FragmentOffset=0(0x0)bytesIP:TimetoLive=128(0x80)IP:Protocol=UDP-UserDatagramIP:Checksum=0x38A6IP:SourceAddress=IP:DestinationAddress=55IP:Data:Numberofdatabytesremaining=308(0x0134)DHCP:Discover(xid=3ED14752)DHCP:OpCode(op)=1(0x1)DHCP:HardwareType(htype)=1(0x1)10MbEthernetDHCP:HardwareAddressLength(hlen)=6(0x6)DHCP:Hops(hops)=0(0x0)DHCP:TransactionID(xid)=1053902674(0x3ED14752)DHCP:Seconds(secs)=0(0x0)DHCP:Flags(flags)=0(0x0)DHCP:0...............=NoBroadcastDHCP:ClientIPAddress(ciaddr)=DHCP:YourIPAddress(yiaddr)=DHCP:ServerIPAddress(siaddr)=DHCP:RelayIPAddress(giaddr)=DHCP:ClientEthernetAddress(chaddr)=08002B2ED85EDHCP:ServerHostName(sname)