名词性从句-公开课

NounClauseNounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句

名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,if,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why1.主语从句

主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。1)Thatshelefthim

hurtshimsomuch.

2)Whetheritwillpleasethem

isnoteasytosay.3)

Whatweneedismorepractice.4)Whenwewillbeginthemeeting

isunderdiscussion.*that—只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。*whether是否，表不确定的事情(不能用If）*what在从句中作主语*When在从句中作状语*______________________________(他是否要来)isnotyetknown.*_____________________________(他想告诉我们什么)isnotclear.*___________________________(谁会赢得这场比赛)isstillunknown.*_______________________________(你错过了这次机会)isapity.=Itis___________________________________.Exercise1:WhetherhewillcomeornotWhathewantstotellusWhowillwinthematchThat

youmissedthechanceapitythat

youmissedthechance

注意:

由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it

作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:

1.That

hewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.______________________________________________________________________________2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._____________________________________*it为形式主语Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:

1)Itis+n.+从句

Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……

Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…

Itisafactthat……是事实

Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识*_______________(很遗憾)welostthematch.*______________(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat2)Itis+adj.+从句

It’scertainthat…肯定…

Itispossiblethat...很可能……

Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…*_________________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_________________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.+(should)+do…ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat3)It+不及物动词+从句

Ithappenedthat...碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…*________________(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*____________________(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……

Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……

Itisreportedthat...据报道……

Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……

Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建议……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……

Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……

*___________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*______________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat5.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有：（1）Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...（2）Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that...（3）Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.

宾语从句Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.Idon’tknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.(语序)1.Idecided（that）Iwouldgototheparty.2.Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow.3.Iwanttoknowhowithappened.4.Hewaslisteningto

whattheteachersaid.

宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。2.宾语从句1._______________(我听说)hejoinedthearmy.2.___________________(我怀疑)hewillsucceed.3.Payattentionto_____________________(医生说些什么).4.Doyouknow__________________(他什么时候会来)?5.Didshesay___________________________(我们应该怎么做这个工作)?Exercise2:Iheard

(that)Idoubt

whether/ifwhat

thedoctorsaidwhen

hewillcomehow

weshoulddotheworkFillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.1.---Canyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks____medicineyouhavetaken.4.Thisis_____theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.whowhenwhathow5.Whatfrightenedusmostwas_____twolightssuddenlyappearedoutofthedarkness.6.Mymotherasked____thematterwaswithme.7.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas____Igotill.whatthatthatWethoughtit

strange

thatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeit

clear

thathewillnotgivein.注意：

it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.*________________________(我们觉得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkit

strange

that5.wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即

wishthat…过去时…(跟现在相反)would+v.(跟将来相反)haddone(跟过去相反)IwishthatI____thatfilmstaryesterday.AsawB.hadseenCwouldseeDhasseenwouldratherthatsbdidsth\sbhaddoneTranslatethesesentencesintoEnglishusingnounclauses.1.这是我们所想要的东西。

Thisiswhatwewant.

2.我认为你是对的。

Ithinkyouareright.3.我想知道他是否能帮助我。

I’dliketoknowwhetherhecanhelpmeornot.4.天气不是昨天那样了。

Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.5.问题是我们怎么能完成任务。

Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.表语从句

在句子中作表语，在系动词之后Thequestioniswhetherwecancompletethedifficulttask.Thefactisthatwewillhavetwodaysoff.常见的系动词分为三种：A．表示特征和状态：

be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等

B．表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：

get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等C．表示某种状态的：

remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等3.表语从句

表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后1.Thetroubleis(that)Ihavelosthisaddress.

2.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.3.Thatiswhathehasdone.4.Theproblemremainshowtogetsomefinancialsupport.表语从句：1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas_____hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.2.Thequestionis_______________________________(我们是否能做好准备）insuchashorttime.3.WhatIwanttoknowis__________________________(我该买哪部词典）.4.Thepointis__________________（你什么时候可以完成）Exercise3:whetherwecanmakegoodwhenyoucanfinishit.thatwhichdictionaryIpreparationshouldbuy找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。1.Idon'tknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.6.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.7.It'llbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass.8.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.9.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.10.HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow.

4.同位语从句

同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。大多数同位语从句由从属连词that

(whether,how,when,where,why)引导（不能省略）,常跟以下抽象名词后,fact/news/idea/reason/hope/belief/truth/dream/problem/advice/suggestion/thought/order/doubt/answer/reply…1.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion

thatallmatterconsistsofatoms.2.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome.3.Heoftenasksmethisquestion

whenTomwillcomebackfromAmerican.Appositiveclause同位语从句:1.Theidea______computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility______themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea________________(他去了哪里）4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion___________________(怎么能够赢得)thecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth__________________(谁为我们做的）.thatthathowtheywhodidthatforuswherehehasgoneExercise4:couldwin1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

*(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分,但不能省略)2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.

*(定语从句,起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，that在从句中作told的宾语,可以省略)

注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别

判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)(定语从句)注意1：that/what的辨用1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris

saying.4.Hetoldus______hefeltill.5.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

6.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

7.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意2：whether与if的辨用1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idon’tknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.Rules1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whether…ornot

和whethertodo

中whether不能换成if、用作连接代词，用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。例如：

Whatyousaidjustnowisveryimportant.你刚才说的很重要。（引导主语从句）

注：

1.“What...is...”是个强调句型，常译为“……的是……”，what通常作主语从句的宾语，有时也可作主语从句的主语。例如：

WhattroublesmemostisthatIdon'tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息才好。

2.“is”后可接一般的表语，也可接表语从句。（如上面的两个例句）

Ididn'tunderstandwhatyouhadsaid.我不理解你说的话。（引导宾语从句）

Thequestioniswhatwecantellhim.问题是我们能告诉他什么。（引导表语从句）

此外，what可用在不定式前，和不定式一起在句中作宾语、主语或表语。例如：

Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道该做什么好。

Whattodohasnotbeendecidedyet.做什么还未决定。

Thequestioniswhattodo.问题是做什么Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.3.___________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasn'tbeendecided____________weshallattendthemeeting.5.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togoortostayathome.

whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if1.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.

2.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.判断：名词性从句\定语从句名词性从句定语从句101.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Thatis_____Ihadafewdaysoff.--Theprojectwasturndown.---Isthat________welackmoney?3.Tomdidn’tgotoschooltoday.Thereasonwas______hefellill.用that\why\because填空thatwhybecause20用that和what填空Hisfatherissatisfiedwith_____hehasdone.Thereasonwas______Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank-note.whatthat101.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,__theycanlearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where2.__mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.Which3.Weshouldn’thavespentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof__arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom4.__hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunkowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where5.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where6.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake____itis.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where7.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot___welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where8.Itisnoneofyourbusiness___otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.when9.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s__thebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why10.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it11.Thetraditionalviewis__wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that1.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy_____wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it历届高考题4.MrMikedidn’tunderstand______madehiswifesoupsetthismorning.whatwasitB.whyitwasthisC.howthatwasD.whatitwasthat5.Iwonder_____________.whoofthemshouldIelectB.whoofthemIshouldelectC.whichofthemshouldIelectD.whichofthemIshouldelect

6.Itwasnotuntildark_____hefound_____hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that7.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand____morethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska8.---Isthisfactory____thefalsewinewasmade?---Yes.Andalsotheone___usedtosellforgedcigarettes.theone;whereB.that;thatC.what;whichD.where;that9.___doyouthink____weshoulddotoimproveourEnglish?A./;whatB.What;thatC.What;/D.How;that10.Theargumentremainedextremelyheated______therearenecessaryconditionsofexistencesuchaswaterontheMars.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.aboutwhich11.You’dbettergivethetaskto____youthinkcansucceedincarryingitoutaheadoftime.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.anyoneD.whoever12.____turncolorandfalltothegroundisasignofwinter.A.ThatleafB.ThatleavesC.ThoseleafD.Thoseleaves13.Yourshoesare_______.A.wheretheywereB.theplaceyouputC.inthecornerthatyouputD.theretheyare14.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which15.WhenChristopherColumbusreached_____isnowtheUSA,hecalledthepeopleofthenewworld“Indians”.whichB.whatC.whereD.theplacewhere16.____hewasill,IwasexpectedtotakehisplacegreatlysurprisedmeforIdidn’thavemuchexperience.A.IfB.IfthatC.ThatD.Thatif17.Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that18.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever19.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand___itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what20.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires21.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschoolisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that22.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich23.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent______foryourbirthday?youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshe’sgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot24.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what25.Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which26.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether27.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.whyB.whereC.whatD.how28.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where29.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.whereB.whatC.thatD.how30.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What31.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how32.Scientistsphotographedforthefirsttimeever___wildgorillasusedasticktotestthedepthofapoolbeforegettingintoit,accordingtoarecentstudy.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhen33.____hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,__theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodComes.AAs;thatBThat;whichCThis;whichDIt;that34.—Wouldyoupleaseexplaintomethedifferencebetweenthetwowords?---I’msorry,butthat’s___I’mpuzzledabout.AwhyBwhichCwhatDwhere35.AbigearthquakestrucksouthernHaiti,knockingdownbuildingandpowerlinesAndcausing___itsambassadortotheUnitedStatescalledacatastrophe.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy35Thoughhavingdiscusseditforlong,theystillhaven’treachedanagreement___theyshouldpourmoremoneyintotheproject.AthatBifCwhetherDwhat36.—Heiseagertotrysomethinghehasnevertriedbefore.---Oh,Isee.That’s___he’sdifferentfromothers.AwhenBwhereChowDwhat37.Onlyinthelastfewyearshavescientistsandteachersbeguntounderstandlearningdisabilitiesand_____.AhowcantheybedealtwithBwhattheycanbedealtwithChowtheycanbedealtwithDwhatcantheybedealtwith38.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlesson.Awhat,whyBThat,whatCWhat;becauseDWhy,that39.Nowmyhometownisnotatall___atravelerwhovisitedittenyearsagocanexpect.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere40.Withyourhelp,thereisnodoubt___ourplanismeantforwillworkoutsuccessfully.AthatwhatBwhetherthatCwhatthatDthatwhether41.Californiapolicediscoveredfivepeoplediedin___theysayappearedtobeamurder.AthatBwhatCwhereDwhich42.WhenItrytounderstand___thatpreventsSomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.AwhyitdoesBwhatitdoesCwhatitisDwhyitis43.Wehavebeeninformedthathehaddone_______visitswereessentialbyeleveno’clocklastnight.AallBwhatCthatDallthat1.Itremainstobeseen___thenewlyformedCommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhether2._____oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillHavetopayforit.AWhoeverBWhateverCWhicheverDWherever3._____makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.AThatBWhatCWhoDWhich4.Policehavefound____appearstobethelostancientstatue.AwhichBwhereChowDwhat5.It’sgoodtoknow____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.AwhatBwhoseCwhichDthat6.Weshouldrespectfoodanddrinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave___wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhether7.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell___closeyoumaybetovictory.AhowBthatCwhichDwhere8.Expertsbelieve___peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.AwhyBwhereCthatD