英语四级阅读考试专项训练

Passage1

ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:Inthispassage,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassage

quicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiven

inthepassage;N（｛forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgivenin

thepassage;NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowtoBuyaUsedCar

Nearlyeverybodybuysausedcarsoonerorlater,asaprimaryvehicle（首要的交通工具）or

asasecondcar.Indeed（当然），threeoutoffoursalestodayareusedcars,andtheyYenotcheap

junkers（废物）either-theaveragepricenowis$5500,abouthalfwhatanewcarcosts.Makethe

wrongselectionandamajorinvestment（投资）canbelostthemomentyoudriveoffthelot.

Thereisfarlesschanceofthishappeningtoyouifyouknow:whentobuy,wheretobuy,

howtoexamine（仔细检查）thecar,howtoconduct（进行）yourownroadtest,andhowto

bargainover（讲价）theprice.

Whentobuy

Shopduringtheday.Lightingmakescarsgleam（V闪光）likejewels（宝石）atnight.In

daylighttheylookdull（黯淡的）,butrealistic.

Don'tshopintherain.Itcanmask（掩盖）liquids（液体）thatmightbeleaking（泄漏）.If

possible,shopinthewinterwhensuppliesarehighanddemand（需求）islow.

Wheretobuy

Shopthesuburbs.Inmoreaffluent（富有的）neighbourhoodscarsaremorelikelytohave

beenwellcaredfor.

Aprivateownernormallysellsacarforlessthanadealer（商人）does,butalmostalwaysHas

is,"withnoguarantee（质量保证）.That*sanacceptableriskifwhatyou'relookingforisacheap

secondcarto"drivetothestation.n

Eventhoughaused-cardealergenerallychargesmore,youcanoftengetsometypeof

limitedguarantee.Thisisoftena50-50plan,inwhichyoueachpayhalfonrepairsforaperiod

（——段时间）thatmayrangefrom30daystoayear.Askthedealerabouttheavailabilityofan

optional（可选择的）servicepolicy.

Used-cardealersoftenclaim（声称）tohavegoneover（仔细查看）thecar,andmanyhave.

Butrememberthatsmalldealersoftenbuycarsthatareauctioned（拍卖）becausenobodyelse

wantsthem.

Someexpertsfeelthatanew-cardealeristhebestplacetobuyasecondhandcar,especially

ifyou'relayingoutalargesum（一笔金钱）foralatemodel.Someofthesedealersofferextensive

（广阔的）guarantees,suchasoneonthe“drivetrain,"whichcoversanyproblemswithengine（发

动机），transmission（变速器）,driveshaftanddifferential（差速器）.Expecttopayforthis,as

wellasforthemarkup（标高的价格）.Butifyoushopsoonafterthenewmodelshavearrived,

whenadealerhasalotoftrade-instyinguphisprofits,hemightdeal.Thevisualexamination（视

觉上的检查）

You'vefoundyourdreamcar,andcanhardlywaittogetinandroaraway.Wait.

First,lookforanyflaws（瑕疵）orripples（划痕）inthebodythatmightindicateapast

accident（暗示曾经出过事故）.Toseeifacarhasbeenrepainted（重新漆过），lookunderthe

rubbersealsaroundthedoororunderthechrometrim.Repaintingmaymaskdeepflaws（重新」二

漆可能隐藏深层的瑕疵）.

Checktheodometer（计程器）fortotalmileage（英里数），andthencomparethatfigure（数

字）withanystickersstillattachedtodoorposts.It'sillegaltochangeodometerreadings,butit

happens.Iftherearenostickers,bealittlesuspicious.Checkpedalsandcontrols:wearonthese

partsshouldagreewiththemileage.Iftheyarebrandnew,besuspicious.Iftheyarewornout,

beware.

Checkthatthedoors,hoodandtrunkallopensmoothlyandclosewithsolidsound.Sight

alongthesidesofthecarfrom30feetawaytobesurethattherearandfrontwheelslineup.

Lookunderthecarforfluidleaks.Exceptforcondensationfromaworkingairconditioneron

ahotday,nocarshouldeverdripanything,anytime.

Nowsitinthedriver'sseatandtrythecontrols.Thecarshouldfityou—itshouldbe

comfortable.Checkseatadjustment,doorlocks,window-raisingmechanisms,horn,lights,

directionalsignals,radio-allaccessories.

Starttheengine.Itshouldturnoverquicklyandthensettledowntoaratherfastidle.Give

theengineamomentortwobeforeyoupresstheacceleratorabit.Watchforsmokefromtherear.

Bluesmokemightmeanacompleteengineoverhaul（大修）,blackamaladjustedcarburettor（化

油器）.•2•

Whitesmokecanbe.ignorediftheengineiscold,butonceitiswarmedup,whitesmokecan

meanaleakingheadgasket（垫圈）:expensive.Rejectthiscar.

Aftertheenginehaswarmed,shutitoff,andthengowipeyourfingerinsidethetailpipe

（makingsureit*snottoohot）.Theresidueshouldbewhitish-gay.Ifyougetablack,oilymark,

refusethecar-it'sprobablyanoilburner.

Restarttheengineandchecktheoilinanautomatictransmission.Itshouldbecleanandclear,

withnoburnedodor.Thetestdrive

Thesalesmanmaytrytoconvinceyouthatashortdrivearoundtheblockisenough.Wrong.

Makeitclearthatyouplantoroadtestthecar,andifheisn'thappywiththislookelsewhere.

Thetestrouteyouhavemappedoutshouldincludedrycitystreets,afreeway,ahill,abumpy

roadandanemptyparkinglot.Allgauges（计量器）shouldreadsteadyandnormalthroughoutthe

test,especiallyoilpressureandengineheat.Ifnot,don'tbuythecar.

Drivetoatraffic-freecitystreetonyourpredeterminedrouteandthenacceleratesmoothlyto

about35milesperhour.Theautomatictransmissionshouldshiftwithoutjerkingandwithno

noise.

Slowtoabout7m.p.h.bygentlyapplyingthebrakes.Thereshouldbenonoise,nosharp

soundorgrinding.Thecarshouldslowinastraightline,withnopullingtotherightorleft.

Pickupspeedtoabout15;thenmakingcertainnobodyisbehindyou,hitthebrakeshard!

Thecarshouldcometoanimmediatestopwithoutmakingnoiseorswerving.

Inanempty,levelparkinglot,braketoacompletestop.Shiftintoreverseandbackupat

about4m.p.h.,braketoahalt,shiftintoforward,etc.Dothisfourorfivetimestotestthe

transmission.Allshiftingshouldbesmooth,withnonoiseorhesitation.

Accelerateupahilltoabout40m.p.h.Thecarshouldnotlabour.Ifitdoes,youcouldhave

arottentransmission.Gobackdownthehill.Stophalfway,shiftintoneutralandsettheparking

brake.Thecarshouldremainstationarywhenyoutakeyourfootoffthebrakepedal.

Drivethecaroverthebumpyroad,upahill,andonthehighway.Rarelywillacarbeperfect.

Howeverbynowyoushouldhaveaprettygoodideawhatneedstobedone.Howtobargain

Usewhatyou'velearnedfromthevisualexam,testdriveandoutsidemechanictogetthe

pricedown.Haveamaximumfigureinmind,basedonyourinspectionandoncurrentpricesfrom

aused-carguide.Startyourbiddinglowerthanthat.Whenyouhavenearlyarrivedataprice,get

thesellertothrowincertainrepairs.Itmaybecheaperforhimthanfurtherpricecuts.

1.Followingtheinstructionsherewillhelpyoumakeagoodselectionwhenbuyingaused

car.

2.Winterisagoodtimeforpurchasingacarbecausethereislittleraininwinter.

3.Youaremorelikelytopaylesstoaprivateownerforacarofpoorquality.

4.Refusethecarifyoufindanysignsofapastaccidentinthevisualexamination.

5.Don'tbuythecarifthereiswhitesmokecomingoutoftherearbecauseitisprobablyan

oilburner.

6.Atcertainspeedsinthetests,agoodcarshouldnotmakeanynoisewhenthedriverbrakes

eitherhardorgently.

7.Ifyouarepatientandcarefulenough,youwillcertainlyfindaperfectusedcar.

8.Thelaststepbeforeyoumakeadecisiontobuyacaris.

9.Besidesallgauges,thetwoveryimportantsystemsmainlyexaminedinthetestdrive

are.

10.Accordingtosomeexperts,thebestplacetobuyasecond-handcaris.

Unitone

I.Y2.N3.Y4.NG5.N6.Y7,N

8.tobargainovertheprice9.brakeandtransmission10.anew-cardealer

Passage2ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

Directions:Inthispassagetherearetenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethrough

carefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemark

thecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.You

maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Lookingbackonyearsoflivinginaworking-classhomeintheNorthofEngland,Ishould

saythatagoodlivingroommust11threeprincipalthings:homeliness,warmthandplentyofgood

food.Theliving-roomisthewarmheartofthefamilyand12oftenslightlystuffytoa

middle-classvisitor.Itisnotasocialcentrebutafamilycenter;littleentertaininggoesonthereor

inthefrontroom,ifthere13tobeone;youdonotentertaininanythingapproachingthe

middle-class14Thewife'ssociallifeoutsideher15familyisfoundoverthewashing-line,atthe

littleshoponthecorner,visitingrelativesatamoderate16occasionally,andperhapsnowand

againavisitwithherhusbandtohispuborclub.Apartfromthesetwoplaces,hehasjusthiswork

andhisfootballmatches.Theywillhave,eachofthem,friendsatalltheseplaces,whomaywell

notknowwhattheinsideoftheirhouseislike,havingnever"steppedacrossthethreshold,"asthe

old17phrasehasit.Thefamilyhearthis18forthefamilyitself,andthosewhoare"somethingto

us"(anotherfavoriteformula)andwholookinforatalkorjusttosit.Muchofthefreetimeofa

manandhiswifewill19bepassedatthathearth.Juststayinginisstilloneofthemostcommon

leisure-time20

A.happensB.professionsC.senseD.nevertheless

E.fashionedF.distanceGimmediateH.usually

I.occupationsJ.preservedK.imitateL.provide

M.thereforeNreserved0.contribute

Passage3

Directions;Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmay

playasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.

AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplaces,

someofthecountry'smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitalsandto

softenthehardedgesofmodembuildings.Ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsin

Britain,almost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,waiting

areasandtreatmentrooms.

Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whosetuphisstudioata

ManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringtheearly1970s.Hefelttheartisthadlosthis

placeinmodernsociety,andthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.

Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseachweek.Whatbetter

placetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsinthe

out-patientswaitingareaoftheManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain'sfirst

hospitalartist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungart

schoolgraduates.

Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitorexperiencesafull

viewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.

Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientis

recoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneeded

halfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlya

brickwalltolookat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,Mtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings'1means

A.topulldownhospitalbuildings

B.todecoratehospitalswithartcollections

C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals

D.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround

22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?

A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.

B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.

C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.

D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.

23.AccordingtoPeterSenior,.

A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodemsociety

B.artgalleriesshouldbechangedintohospitals

C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting

D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospitals

24.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,.

A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery

B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs

C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery

D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery

25.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat.

A.Peter'senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly

B.PeterSeniorenjoysgreatpopularity

C.theyaretalentedhospitalartists

D.theroleofhospitalenvironmentisbeingrecognized

Passage4

Directions:Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Polyester（聚酯）isnowbeingusedforbottles.ICI,thechemicalsandplasticscompany,

believesthatitisnowbeginningtobreakthegripofglasson

thebottlebusinessandthustakeadvantageofthishugemarket.

Alltheplasticsmanufacturershavebeenexperiencinghardtimesastheirtraditionalproducts

havebeendoingbadlyworld-wideforthelastfewyears.Between1982and1984thePlastics

DivisionofICIhadlostahundredandtwentymilliondollars,andtheyfeltthatthe.mosthopeful

newmarketwasinpackaging,bottlesandcans.

Since1982ithasopenedthreenewfactoriesproducing"Melinar",therawmaterialfrom

whichhighqualitypolyesterbottlesaremade.

Thepolyesterbottlewasborninthe1970s,whensoftdrinkscompanieslikeCocaCola

startedsellingtheirdrinksingianttwo-litercontainers.Becauseofthebuild-upofthepressureof

gasintheselargecontainers,glasswasunsuitable.NorwasPVC,theplasticwhichhadbeenused

forbottlessincethe1960s,suitablefordrinkswithgasinthem.Anewplastichadtobemade.

Glassisstillcheaperforthesmallerbottles,andwillcontinuetobesounlessoilandplastic

becomemuchcheaper,butplasticdoeswellforthelargersizes.

Polyesterbottlesarevirtuallyunbreakable.Themanufacturersclaimtheyarealsolighter,less

noisywhenbeinghandled,andcanbereused.Shopkeepersandotherbusinesspeopleareunlikely

toobjecttoachangefromglasstopolyester,sincethesebottlesmeanfewbreakages,whichare

costlyandtime-consuming.Thepublic,though,havebeenmoredifficulttopersuade.Id's

commercialdepartmentisdevelopingdifferentbottleswithinterestingshapes,totryandmake

themvisuallymoreattractivetothepublic.

Thenextstepcouldbetodevelopaplasticwhichcouldreplacetinsforfood.Theproblem

hereisthehightemperaturesnecessaryforcookingthefoodinthecontainer.

26.Plasticsofvariouskindshavebeenusedformakingbottles.

A.since1982

B.sincethe1970sbutonlyforlargebottles

C.sincethe1960sbutnotforliquidswithgasinthem

D.sincecompanieslikeCocaColafirsttriedthem

27.WhyisICI'sPlasticsDivisioninterestedinpolyesterforbottles?

A.Theotherthingstheymakearenotsellingwell.

B.Glassmanufacturerscannotmakeenoughnewbottles.

C.Theyhavefactorieswhichcouldbeadaptedtomakeit.

D.Thepriceofoilkeepschanging.

28.Whyaren'tallbottlesnowmadeofpolyester?

A.Thepriceofoilandplastichasrisen.

B.Itisnotsuitableforcontaininggassydrinks.

C.Thepublicliketraditionalglassbottles.

D.Shop-keepersdislikereusablebottles.

29.Manufacturersthinkpolyesterbottlesarebetterthanglassbottlesbecausethey

A.arecheaperB.aremoresuitedtosmallsizes

C.aremoreexcitingtolookatD.donotbreakeasily

30.Plasticcontainersforholdingfoodinthesamewayascans.

A.havebeenusedformanyyears

B.areanideathatintereststheplasticscompanies

C.arepossible,butonlyforhotfood

D.arethefirstthingsbeingmadeinthenewfactories

11.L12.M13.A14.C15.G16.F17.E18.N19.H20.121.B22.A23.D24.B25.D26.

C27.A28.C29.D30.B

Passage1

World*sNonsmokersTakeupFightforCleanerAir

Incountryaftercountry,talkofnonsmokers'rightsisintheair.Thisfreshvoiceisheardfrom

AustraliatoSweden.Itsforceisfreeingcleanairfornonsmokers—andtighteningthesituationfor

smokers.

InwestGermany,forinstance,taxidrivers—knownfortheirindependence—postsigns

saying"NichtRaucher"(nonsmoker)andmayrefusepassengerswhoinsistonsmoking...Bansin

Polandpreventsmokinginfactories,offices,snackbars,andotherpublicplaces...And

Venezuelanscanbefined$230to$1,000forsmokinginsupermarkets,buses,andnumerous

otherplaces.Manycountriesalsoaremovinginsteptolimittobaccopromotion(despitea7

percentjumpinworldtobaccoproductionlastyear)andeliminatethenfalseclaimsofthe

glorification(美化)ofsmokingasahabit..."saysJeandeMoerlooseoftheUnitedNationsWorld

HealthOrganization.

Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittleornoactionyet,some30nationshave

introducedlegislativestepstocontrolsmokingabuse.Manylawshavebeenintroducedinother

countriestohelpcleartheairfornonsmokers,ortocutcigaretteconsumption.

Inmanydevelopingnations,however,cigarettesmokingisseenasasignofeconomic

progress—andisevenencouraged.

"Whileitappearsthatindevelopedcountriestheconsumptionofcigaretteshasbecome

stabilized,therearesomeindicationsthatitisstillrisingatasteadypaceinLatinAmerica,nsays

Dr.DanielJ.Joly,anadvisertothePanAmericanHealthOrganization.

Despiteprogressinsegregating(隔离)nonsmokersandsmokers,mostcountriesseelittle

changeinthenumberofsmokers.Infact,thereisajumpinthenumberofgirlsandyoungwomen

startingtosmoke.

Asmoretobaccocompaniesgointernational,newmarketsaresoughttogainnewsmokersin

developingcountries.Forexample,greateffortsaremadebytheAmericantobaccoindustrytosell

cigarettesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica—whereU.S.tobaccoexportsincreasedbymore

than27percentlastyear,accordingtheU.S.ForeignAgricultureService.Sofar,anycooperation

betweentobaccointerestsandgovernments*campaignsagainstsmokinghasbeenintheareaof

tobaccoadvertising.

Restrictionsoncigaretteads,plushealthwarningsonpackagesandbansonpublicsmoking

incertainplaces,arethemostpopulartoolsusedbynationsinsupportofnonsmokersorin

curbing（限缶I）smoking.

Butworldattentionalsoisfocusingonotherstepswhichwill:

—makethesmokerincreasinglyself-consciousanduncomfortableabouthishabitby

publicizingpublicawarenessofthedeclineofsocialacceptabilityofsmoking.

（ThismethodisreceivingstrongsupportintheU.S.andothercountries.）

一preventpro-smokingscenesontelevisionandfilms.

一removecigarettevendingmachines.

一providesupportforthosewhowanttokickthehabitofsmoking.

—makeitillegaltosellorhandovertobaccoproductstominorsandprohibitsmokingin

meetingplacesforyoungpeople.

—boostcigarettepriceswithhighertobaccotaxes—andusethemoneyforantismoking

campaigns.

AtaJuneUNconferenceonsmoking,agoalsetbySirGeorgeE.Godber,chairmanofthe

expertcommitteeonsmokingandhealthfortheWorldHealthOrganization,stated:"Wemaynot

haveeliminatedcigarettesmokingcompletelybytheendofthiscentury,butweoughttohave

reachedapositionwhererelativelyfewaddictsstillusecigarettes,butonlyinprivateatmostin

thecompanyofconsentingadults.HNATIONSATTEMPTSOLUTIONS

Herearebriefsketchesofmajororuniqueattemptsaroundtheworldtoinsurenonsmokers'

righttosmoke-freeairandtohelpsmokersquit.SWEDEN

Anambitious,concertedplantoraiseanationofnonsmokersisbeingimplementedbythe

SwedishNationalBoardofHealthandWelfare.

Swedishchildrenbornafter1975willgrowupinenvironmentsthatwillbenonsmokingand

antismokingasmuchaspossible.Generalcigaretteconsumptionwillcutfrom1,700cigarettesa

yearperpersonto1920levelofunder300cigarettesayear,accordingtothe25-yearplan.

Acampaigntorestricttobaccoadvertising,raisecigarettepricestoover$2

apack,removecigarettevendingmachinesby1979,banpro-smokingcontentin

filmsandtelevisionprograms,restrictpublicsmoking,andgiveintensive

antismokingeducationinschoolsandthemilitary,willpromotethegoalofa

societywhich"shouldbesounfavourabletowardsmokingthatsmokingcouldnotariseonce

againasamajorfactorharmfultopublichealth.M

BySwedishlaw,life-insurancepremiums（保险费）areloweredfornonsmokers.WEST

GERMANY

Animage-reversingadvertisingcampaignbeganafewyearsagoinWestGermanywhereby

itisthenonsmokerwhoisshowntobelivingtheswinginglifepreviouslyclaimedbythecigarette

addict.

Agovernment-sponsoredprogramtowarnthepublicaboutthedangersofsmokingincludes

anattempttoencourageconsiderationofthenonsmokeratworkandinpublicplaces.Tobacco

televisionadswerestoppedin1973.

Buttherearenofirmplansatthefederalleveltobansmokinginpublicplaces,althoughitis

beingconsideredasalegislativeproposal.Healthexpertssaythatthelegallyrequiredwarningon

cigarettepackagesintheUnitedStateshasnothelped.Hencetherearestrongdoubtsaboutstrict

lawsinthewholeareaofsmoking.Thegoverningideahereistoencourageconsiderationof

others.Butthisangleofattack(moralpersuasion)doesnotruleoutlegislation.Intwoof

Germany's11statestherearelawstoprotectpublicemployeeswhodonotsmokefromtheir

smokingfellowworkers."Smokebreaks"areusedtoseparatethesmokersandnonsmokers.

"Thenonsmokertodayisjustasmuchormorerespectedthanthesmoker.nSaysonehealth

official,nandthisisasuccessinitself."GREATBRITAIN

Atelevisionadvertisingbanin1965,ahealthwarningontobaccopackagesbegunin1971,a

20percentpriceriseoncigarettesin1974,andaconstantcampaigntoisolatepubicsmokingin

airlines,trains,andotherpublicplaceshavefuelledaforcefulantismokingandnonsmokers'

programinBritain.

InIreland,anadvertisingcodebansadsemphasizingthepleasureofsmoking,featuring

conventionalheroesoftheyoungassmokers,orimplyingthatitislessharmfultosmokeone

brandthananother.UNITEDSTATES

U.S.airlinesaresubjectto$1,000finesforfailingtoprovideasmokefreeseatforany

passengerwhowantsone.TheInterstateCommerceCommissionhasmade"nosmoking"therule,

ratherthantheexception,onallinterstatepassengertrainsandbuses.TheMilitarysegregates

smokersandnolongerdistributescigaretteinCrations.

Agrowingnumberofrestaurantsnowofferseparateareasfornonsmokers.Abanon

televisionandradiocigaretteads,healthwarningsandrestrictionsonpublicsmokinginmany

statesandcitiesmaketheUnitedStatesaparticipantinworldnonsmokingandantismokingefforts.

ThenumberofU.S.nonsmokersisrisingaswell.

1.Withtheworld'sefforts,moreandmoresmokershaverealizedtheharmfuleffectof

smokingonenvironment.

2.30countrieshaveintroducedlegislationtorestrictsmoking,thoughlittlehasbeendonein

mostothercountries.

3.Thetotalnumberofsmokersdecreaseswhilethenumberoffemalesmokersincreasesin

mostcountries.

4.SmokersinLatinAmericaconsumemorecigarettesthanindevelopedcountries.

5.Theimprovedeconomicsituationindevelopingcountriesistheexplanationoftherising

numberofsmokersthere.

6.BothSwedenandGreatBritainraisedcigarettepricestocontrolthetobaccoconsumption.

7.TheincreasingnumberofnonsmokersinU.S.istheevidencetoshowthattheU.S.

antismokingcampaignhasbeensuccessful.

8.Tobaccocompaniesarenowgettingmoreprofitinthanbefore.

9.PeopleaboardanyflightinU.S.cangeta

10.InWestGermany,considerationofnonsmokersisinthecampaignagainst

smoking.

I.NG2.Y3.N4.N5.N6.Y7.Y

8.indevelopingcountries9.smokefreeseat10.encouraged

Flyingoveradesertareainanairplane,twoscientistslookeddownwithtrainedeyesattreesand

bushes.Afteranhour's_11_oneofthescientistswroteinhisbook,"Lookherefor_12—

metal."Scientistsinanotherairplane,flyingoveramountainregion,senta_13_toother

scientistsontheground,"Goldpossible.°Walkingacrosshillyground,fourscientistsreported,

"Thisgroundshouldbesearchedformetals.'*Fromanairplaneoverahillywastelandascientist

sentbackbyradiooneword,"Uranium."

NoneofthescientistshadX-rayeyes:theyhadno_14_powersforlookingdownbelow

theearth'ssurface.Theywere_15_puttingtouseoneofthenewestmethodsof_16_

mineralsintheground—usingtreesandplantsas_17—thatcertainmineralsmayliebeneaththe

groundonwhichthetreesandplantsaregrowing.

Thisnewestmethodofsearchingformineralsis_18—onthefactthatmineralsdeepinthe

earthmay_19—thekindofbushesandtreesthatgrowonthesurface.

AtWatsonBarCreek,