The-American-Dream-in-American-Literature教学讲解课件

TheAmericanDreaminAmericanLiteratureTheAmericanDreaminAmerica

“美国梦”最初是清教移民对自由信仰、自由创造的渴望和梦想，随后在那片新大陆上及向西部开拓的过程中，美国梦演变为对幸福的追求，尤其是对成功的追求，包括事业、爱情、财富等。南北战争后，随着工业化进程的深入和大都市的相继出现，美国梦更是流行并具体化为对金钱的渴望和追求，它使人们相信：在美国这块土地上，机会均等，只要努力奋斗，一个没有鞋子穿的穷孩子完全可以成为百万富翁并获得幸福.TheAmericanDream:“美国梦”最初是清教移民对自由信仰、自由创造的渴望NewEngland:Plymouth(1620),Massachusetts(1630)TheSouth:

JamestowninVirginia,1617,VirginiaCompanyinLondonAcommercialventurePuritansforReligiousfreedomNewEngland:Plymouth(1620),TForthePuritans:

to“buildacityonahill”2.Forthesoutherners:

to“findthevale(valley)ofplenty”

TwoDimensionsofAmericanDreamForthePuritans:TwoDimens

TheAmericanDream:Aproductofthefrontierandthewest.Itbelievesinthegoodnessofnatureandman.Itrepresentstheromanticenlargementofthepossibilitiesoflife.Aslongasoneworkhard,hesurelycanbecomesuccessfulandfulfillhiswishes.TheAmericanDream:AprAmericanindividualism(theimportanceofsingleman,initiative&independence)

Americanindividualism(theimWriter,printer,publisher,scientist,anddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousandrespectedprivatefigureofhistime.Hewasthefirstgreatself-made

maninAmerica.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)“Firstgreatmanofletters”----DavidHumeWriter,printer,publisher,BeAutobiography

BenjaminFranklinembodiedtheEnlightenmentidealofhumanerationality.Practicalyetidealistic,hard-workingandenormouslysuccessful,FranklinrecordedhisearlylifeinhisfamousAutobiography.

AutobiographyThemostfamoussectiondescribeshisscientificschemeofself-improvement.

Franklinlists13virtues:temperance,silence,order,resolution,frugality,industry,sincerity,justice,moderation,cleanliness,tranquility,chastity,andhumility.Heelaboratesoneachwithamaxim;forexample,thetemperancemaximis"EatnottoDullness.DrinknottoElevation."Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.ThemostfamoussectiondesIwasdirtyfrommyjourney,mypocketswerestuffedoutwithshirtsandstockings,andIknewnosoulnorwheretolookforlodging.Iwasfatiguedwithtraveling,rowing,andwantofrest;Iwasveryhungry;andmywholestockofcashconsistedofaDutchdollarandaboutashillingincopper.ThelatterIgavethepeopleoftheboatformypassage,whoatfirstrefuseditonaccountofmyrowing;butIinsistedontheirtakingit,amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro'fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.IwasdirtyfrommyjouThenIwalkedupthestreet,gazingabouttillnearthemarket-houseImetaboywithbread.Ihadmademanyamealonbread,andininquiringwherehegotit,Iwentimmediatelytothebaker'shedirectedmeto,inSecondStreet,andaskedforbiscuit,intendingsuchaswehadinBoston;butthey,itseems,werenotmadeinPhiladelphia.ThenIaskedforathreepennyloaf,andwastoldtheyhadnonesuch.ThenIwalkedupthestrSo,notconsideringorknowingthedifferenceofmoney,andthegreatercheapnessnorthenamesofhisbread,Ibadehimgivemethreepennyworthofanysort.Hegaveme,accordingly,threegreatpuffyrolls.Iwassurprisedatthequantity,buttookit,andhavingnoroominmypockets,walkedoffwitharollundereacharm,andeatingtheother.So,notconsideringorknowingThusIwentupMarketStreetasfarasFourthStreet,passingbythedoorofMr.Reed,myfuturewife'sfather,whenshe,standingatthedoor,sawmeandthoughtImade,asIcertainlydid,amostawkward,ridiculousappearance.ThusIwentupMarketStrThenIturnedandwentdownChestnutStreetandpartofWalnutStreet,eatingmyrollalltheway,andcominground,foundmyselfagainatMarketStreetwharf,neartheboatIcamein,towhichIwentfor.adraughtoftheriverwater,andbeingfilledwithoneofmyrolls,gavetheothertwotoawomanandherchildthatcamedowntheriverintheboatwithus,andwerewaitingtogofarther.ThenIturnedandwentdowTheDisillusionmentofAmericanDreamSocialcorruptionDeteriorationofmoralvalues

Economicreasons:commerce(admirationforambition,alustformoney&power)TheDisillusionmentofAmericaScottFitzgerald(1896-1940)ArthurMiller(1915-2005)ScottFitzgeraldArthurMiller二十世纪二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功与辉煌的一面，又有苦涩和失意的一面，曾被称为“失败的权威”。他的生命交织着雄心和现实、成功和失败、得意和潦倒、纵情和颓丧、爱情和痛苦、美国文明和欧洲文明的矛盾、东部和西部的冲突、梦想和幻灭……这一切都在他的小说里表现得淋漓尽致，而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的盖茨比》。司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)二十世纪二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功与辉司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士时代(TheJazzAge)的代言人美国梦(AmericanDream)的实践者“迷惘的一代”（TheLostGeneration)，青年的代言人“特别的是上帝赋予他一双翅膀，于是他有了飞翔的欲望，然而这决定了他的毁灭。”

司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士时“爵士时代的优秀编年史家”典型的爵士时代的青年，有着自己的美国梦，不同的是他在热烈追求这些“理想”的同时，能用冷静的眼光，客观的态度去分析这一切，并加以讽刺。bestknownforhisnovelsandshortstorieswhichchronicletheexcessesofAmerica'sJazzAgeduringthe1920s.“爵士时代的优秀编年史家”典型的爵士时代的青年，有着best

菲茨杰拉德虽以他敏锐的观察和巧慧的心灵反映了美国的“爵士时代”，但作为一个时代的歌手，他吟唱的不是一首热情洋溢的颂歌，而是一曲悲切的哀歌，一曲“美国梦”（TheAmericanDream）遭遇破灭的哀歌。他自己早就说过：“进入我头脑的故事都包含着某种灾祸，在我的长篇小说里，可爱的青年走向毁灭。”美国梦(AmericanDream)的实践者菲茨杰拉德虽以他敏锐的观察和巧慧的心灵反映了美国的“

“你会忘了的。东西丢失以后才觉更甜蜜。我知道----因为我也曾得到过我想要的东西。是我迫切想要的唯一一件东西…当我得到它以后，它便在我手中化作灰尘了。”

虚幻之梦(Disillusionment)“你会忘了的。东西丢失以后才觉更甜蜜。我知道----

The"LostGeneration"definesasenseofmorallossoraimlessnessapparentinliteraryfiguresduringthe1920s.WorldWarIseemedtohavedestroyedtheideathatifyouactedvirtuously,goodthingswouldhappen.Manygood,youngmenwenttowaranddied,orreturnedhomeeitherphysicallyormentallywounded(formost,both),andtheirfaithinthemoralguidepoststhathadearliergiventhemhope,werenolongervalid...theywere"Lost."TheLostGenerationTheLostGeneration

"Herewasanewgeneration...dedicatedmorethanthelasttothefearofpovertyandtheworshipofsuccess;grownuptofindallGodsdead,allwarsfought,allfaithsinmanshaken....”

(fromF.ScottFitzgerald,ThisSideofParadise,1920).

“一切神明统统死光，一切仗都已打完，以往关于人的一切信念完全动摇。”

既然在他们眼里没有任何神圣的东西存在，生活里剩下的就只有对物质享受和感官刺激的追求了。"Herewasanewgeneratio

他的作品所描写的是青年一代――他们的活动作风和爱好。他认为青年人精力充沛，生机勃勃，充满朝气，充满希望，富有理想，具有无限的力量。他24岁时，写作了一部广受欢迎的小说《人间天堂》，29岁时出版了他最完美的著作《了不起的盖茨比》。他对个人早期的文学成就有过一番议论：“凡年轻人都相信他运用自己的意志是因为他这颗星星正在闪耀…早期成功的补偿使人深信人生是浪漫的。”人生对他来说，确实是浪漫的。他说，人生除了青春以外，再也没有什么可奉献的事。“普林斯顿大学毕业前夕说，“我们当中有些学生哭了，因为我们知道我们将永远不会象在这里的日子那样年轻了。”1935年，海明威说，“你给予青春过高的评价了。”青年的代言人青年的代言人ABriefLifeofFitzgerald1.HisPrinceton(Thedreamtobeasuccess)2.HisMarriage(Thecoupleofcelebrity)3.Hisworks(Hiseternaltheme:

successandfailure,illusionanddisillusion, dreamandnightmare,beautyandwealth)ABriefLifeofFitzgerald1.HiThe-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教学讲解课件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教学讲解课件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教学讲解课件The-American-Dream-in--American-Literature教学讲解课件TheAmericanDreaminAmericanLiteratureTheAmericanDreaminAmerica

“美国梦”最初是清教移民对自由信仰、自由创造的渴望和梦想，随后在那片新大陆上及向西部开拓的过程中，美国梦演变为对幸福的追求，尤其是对成功的追求，包括事业、爱情、财富等。南北战争后，随着工业化进程的深入和大都市的相继出现，美国梦更是流行并具体化为对金钱的渴望和追求，它使人们相信：在美国这块土地上，机会均等，只要努力奋斗，一个没有鞋子穿的穷孩子完全可以成为百万富翁并获得幸福.TheAmericanDream:“美国梦”最初是清教移民对自由信仰、自由创造的渴望NewEngland:Plymouth(1620),Massachusetts(1630)TheSouth:

JamestowninVirginia,1617,VirginiaCompanyinLondonAcommercialventurePuritansforReligiousfreedomNewEngland:Plymouth(1620),TForthePuritans:

to“buildacityonahill”2.Forthesoutherners:

to“findthevale(valley)ofplenty”

TwoDimensionsofAmericanDreamForthePuritans:TwoDimens

TheAmericanDream:Aproductofthefrontierandthewest.Itbelievesinthegoodnessofnatureandman.Itrepresentstheromanticenlargementofthepossibilitiesoflife.Aslongasoneworkhard,hesurelycanbecomesuccessfulandfulfillhiswishes.TheAmericanDream:AprAmericanindividualism(theimportanceofsingleman,initiative&independence)

Americanindividualism(theimWriter,printer,publisher,scientist,anddiplomat,hewasthemostfamousandrespectedprivatefigureofhistime.Hewasthefirstgreatself-made

maninAmerica.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)“Firstgreatmanofletters”----DavidHumeWriter,printer,publisher,BeAutobiography

BenjaminFranklinembodiedtheEnlightenmentidealofhumanerationality.Practicalyetidealistic,hard-workingandenormouslysuccessful,FranklinrecordedhisearlylifeinhisfamousAutobiography.

AutobiographyThemostfamoussectiondescribeshisscientificschemeofself-improvement.

Franklinlists13virtues:temperance,silence,order,resolution,frugality,industry,sincerity,justice,moderation,cleanliness,tranquility,chastity,andhumility.Heelaboratesoneachwithamaxim;forexample,thetemperancemaximis"EatnottoDullness.DrinknottoElevation."Apragmaticscientist,Franklinputtheideaofperfectibilitytothetest,usinghimselfastheexperimentalsubject.ThemostfamoussectiondesIwasdirtyfrommyjourney,mypocketswerestuffedoutwithshirtsandstockings,andIknewnosoulnorwheretolookforlodging.Iwasfatiguedwithtraveling,rowing,andwantofrest;Iwasveryhungry;andmywholestockofcashconsistedofaDutchdollarandaboutashillingincopper.ThelatterIgavethepeopleoftheboatformypassage,whoatfirstrefuseditonaccountofmyrowing;butIinsistedontheirtakingit,amanbeingsometimesmoregenerouswhenhehasbutalittlemoneythanwhenhehasplenty,perhapsthro'fearofbeingthoughttohavebutlittle.IwasdirtyfrommyjouThenIwalkedupthestreet,gazingabouttillnearthemarket-houseImetaboywithbread.Ihadmademanyamealonbread,andininquiringwherehegotit,Iwentimmediatelytothebaker'shedirectedmeto,inSecondStreet,andaskedforbiscuit,intendingsuchaswehadinBoston;butthey,itseems,werenotmadeinPhiladelphia.ThenIaskedforathreepennyloaf,andwastoldtheyhadnonesuch.ThenIwalkedupthestrSo,notconsideringorknowingthedifferenceofmoney,andthegreatercheapnessnorthenamesofhisbread,Ibadehimgivemethreepennyworthofanysort.Hegaveme,accordingly,threegreatpuffyrolls.Iwassurprisedatthequantity,buttookit,andhavingnoroominmypockets,walkedoffwitharollundereacharm,andeatingtheother.So,notconsideringorknowingThusIwentupMarketStreetasfarasFourthStreet,passingbythedoorofMr.Reed,myfuturewife'sfather,whenshe,standingatthedoor,sawmeandthoughtImade,asIcertainlydid,amostawkward,ridiculousappearance.ThusIwentupMarketStrThenIturnedandwentdownChestnutStreetandpartofWalnutStreet,eatingmyrollalltheway,andcominground,foundmyselfagainatMarketStreetwharf,neartheboatIcamein,towhichIwentfor.adraughtoftheriverwater,andbeingfilledwithoneofmyrolls,gavetheothertwotoawomanandherchildthatcamedowntheriverintheboatwithus,andwerewaitingtogofarther.ThenIturnedandwentdowTheDisillusionmentofAmericanDreamSocialcorruptionDeteriorationofmoralvalues

Economicreasons:commerce(admirationforambition,alustformoney&power)TheDisillusionmentofAmericaScottFitzgerald(1896-1940)ArthurMiller(1915-2005)ScottFitzgeraldArthurMiller二十世纪二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功与辉煌的一面，又有苦涩和失意的一面，曾被称为“失败的权威”。他的生命交织着雄心和现实、成功和失败、得意和潦倒、纵情和颓丧、爱情和痛苦、美国文明和欧洲文明的矛盾、东部和西部的冲突、梦想和幻灭……这一切都在他的小说里表现得淋漓尽致，而其中最有代表性的便是《了不起的盖茨比》。司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)二十世纪二十年代最具代表性的作家，他有成功与辉司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士时代(TheJazzAge)的代言人美国梦(AmericanDream)的实践者“迷惘的一代”（TheLostGeneration)，青年的代言人“特别的是上帝赋予他一双翅膀，于是他有了飞翔的欲望，然而这决定了他的毁灭。”

司格特•菲茨杰拉德(ScottFitzgerald)爵士时“爵士时代的优秀编年史家”典型的爵士时代的青年，有着自己的美国梦，不同的是他在热烈追求这些“理想”的同时，能用冷静的眼光，客观的态度去分析这一切，并加以讽刺。bestknownforhisnovelsandshortstorieswhichchronicletheexcessesofAmerica'sJazzAgeduringthe1920s.“爵士时代的优秀编年史家”典型的爵士时代的青年，有着best

菲茨杰拉德虽以他敏锐的观察和巧慧的心灵反映了美国的“爵士时代”，但作为一个时代的歌手，他吟唱的不是一首热情洋溢的颂歌，而是一曲悲切的哀歌，一曲“美国梦”（TheAmericanDream）遭遇破灭的哀歌。他自己早就说过：“进入我头脑的故事都包含着某种灾祸，在我的长篇小说里，可爱的青年走向毁灭。”美国梦(AmericanDream)的实践者菲茨杰拉德虽以他敏锐的观察和巧慧的心灵反映了美国的“

“你会忘了的。东西丢失以后才觉更甜蜜。我知道----因为我也曾得到过我想要的东西。是我迫切想要的唯一一件东西…当我得到它以后，它便在我手中化作灰尘了。”

虚幻之梦(Disillusionment)“你会忘了的。东西丢失以后才觉更甜蜜。我知道----

The"LostGeneration"definesasenseofmorallossoraimlessnessapparentinliteraryfiguresduringthe1920s.WorldWarIseemedtohavedestroyedtheideathatifyouactedvirtuously,goodthingswouldhappen.Manygood,youngm