unit2-grammar被动语态课件

Revision

of

ThepassiveInfinitiveRevision

of

Thepassive1语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态：被动语态｛主动语态被动语态语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的2当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)“be+及物动词的过去分词”当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了3在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。Thetaskhasbeenfinished.任务已经完成了。结构：be+done(+by)在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。例如：Hamlet4一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：一般现在时：am/is/aredoneHeis51.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).四、主动变被动中的几个问题：1.含有双宾语的主动句的转换Thebookwasgiv62.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.练习：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。2.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhavenever7Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.3.主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习：weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.注意：make,feel,let,hear,see,watch等词在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带toHemademedothework.Iwasm8语态转换(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)语态转换(Givethestudentssomemi93.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas10不定式被动式讲与练不定式语法不定式的时态和语态

不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练不定式语法不定式的时态和语态不11语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/语态主动语态被动语态一般式todoto12

当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。

当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行13

一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Tobeattackedbytheenemyisnotabadthing,butagoodthing.2．作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.Iwishtobesenttoworkinthefamoushospital.一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。．当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定时一般要用被动形式。

一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：一当不定式143．构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.3．构成复合宾语：155．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?6．作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Inthenoisyhallhehadtoshouttobeheard.当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形式。5．作定语：当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形16二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定17Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.

（复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

（定语）不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用tobedone;先于谓语用tohavebeendone.Hethoughtitanhonourtohav18三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。19三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在“n／pron+be202.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.2.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。213．在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．3．在“with+n+todo”结构中。224．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。

例如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的逻辑主语)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的逻辑主语)4．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。235．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

5．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中246．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.6．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。25NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使26不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动词过去分词的不同点：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisveryimportant.(表将来）Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisaveryimportantone.（表正在进行）Thequestiondiscussedatyesterday’smeetingisveryimportantone.（表示发生在过去或已经完成）不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动词过去分词的不同点：271.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercise

B1.Havingatripabroadis282.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB2.Ihurriedtothemeeting293.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD3.Doletyourmotherknow304.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA4.LittleTomshouldlove__315.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA5.Itissaidthatplastics326.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC6.Withalotofproblems__337.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.wasn’tunderstandD.wasn’tunderstoodD7.He___andwasmadetorepea348.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoingD8.Thepupilshere____all359.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedD9.Visitors____nottotouc3610.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedB10.Insomepartsofthewor37Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake不定式与高考题Thepurposeofnewtechnologie382.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.seenC.seeingD.tobeseen2.I’veworkedwithchildrenb394.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch4.Allenhadtocallataxibe405.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep6.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled5.____lateintheafternoon,B417.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying7.Shewilltelluswhyshefe428.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade8.Inordertogainabiggers43

Revision

of

ThepassiveInfinitiveRevision

of

Thepassive44语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态：被动语态｛主动语态被动语态语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的45当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)“be+及物动词的过去分词”当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了46在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。Thetaskhasbeenfinished.任务已经完成了。结构：be+done(+by)在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。例如：Hamlet47一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：一般现在时：am/is/aredoneHeis481.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).四、主动变被动中的几个问题：1.含有双宾语的主动句的转换Thebookwasgiv492.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.练习：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。2.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhavenever50Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.3.主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习：weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.注意：make,feel,let,hear,see,watch等词在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带toHemademedothework.Iwasm51语态转换(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)语态转换(Givethestudentssomemi523.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas53不定式被动式讲与练不定式语法不定式的时态和语态

不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练不定式语法不定式的时态和语态不54语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/语态主动语态被动语态一般式todoto55

当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。

当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行56

一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Tobeattackedbytheenemyisnotabadthing,butagoodthing.2．作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.Iwishtobesenttoworkinthefamoushospital.一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。．当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定时一般要用被动形式。

一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：一当不定式573．构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.3．构成复合宾语：585．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?6．作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Inthenoisyhallhehadtoshouttobeheard.当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形式。5．作定语：当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形59二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定60Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.

（复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

（定语）不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用tobedone;先于谓语用tohavebeendone.Hethoughtitanhonourtohav61三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。62三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在“n／pron+be632.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.2.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。643．在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．3．在“with+n+todo”结构中。654．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。

例如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的逻辑主语)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的逻辑主语)4．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。665．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

5．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中676．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.6．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。68NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使69不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动词过去分词的不同点：Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisveryimportant.(表将来）Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisaveryimportantone.（表正在进行）Thequestiondiscussedatyesterday’smeetingisveryimportantone.（表示发生在过去或已经完成）不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动词过去分词的不同点：701.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExercise

B1.Havingatripabroadis712.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB2.Ihurriedtothemeeting723.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD3.Doletyourmotherknow734.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA4.LittleTomshouldlove__745.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA5.Itissaidthatplastics756.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC6.Withalotofproblems__767.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.wasn’tunderstandD.wasn’tunderstoodD7.He___andwasmadetorepea778.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoingD8.Thepupilshere____all789.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequestedD9.Visitors____nottotouc7910.In