英文语法第八讲并列句和状语从句

第八讲并列句和状语从句1．表并列、递进或顺承关系：and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellaseq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Theearthisoneoftheplanetsofthesolarsystem,andthemoonisitssatellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月球是地球的卫星。2．表转折关系：but,yet,whereas,neverthelesseq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravelingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationbutinthejourneyitself.人们常说旅行的乐趣不在于你最终到达目的地，而在旅行本身。3．表选择关系：either...or,not...but...,or,otherwise,orelse,ratherthaneq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。4．表因果关系：for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首),so,thereforeeq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5．when“就在这时，突然”，常用于以下句式：(1)sb.beabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...某人正要做某事，突然……(2)sb.bedoingsth.when...某人正在做某事，突然……(3)sb.haddonesth.when...某人刚做完某事，突然……eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习钢琴。and与or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承关系祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折关系eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。单句语法填空1．(2016·贵州贵阳高三统考)Keepitinmind,____________graduallywecangainthisgoodlearninghabitandbenefitfromit.答案：and2．(2016·广西桂林二模)Theycaneitherchoosetoacceptthechallenge____________donate100dollars,ordotheboth.答案：or3．(2015·北京高考单项填空)Heisashyman,____________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.答案：but4．(2016·齐齐哈尔二模)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassetting____________mycarbrokedownneararemotevillage.答案：when时间状语从句when,while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcertificates.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。while“当……时候”,一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。续表连词含义及用法例句as“一边……一边……”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。地点状语从句、原因状语从句1．地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where,wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)IcannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoisewhereIamsitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。[易错警示]where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。瘙
嚔Atallbuildingwasputupwherethereusedtobeadesert.,在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。(状语从句)瘙
嚔Atallbuildingwasputupattheplacewherethereusedtobeadesert.(定语从句)2．原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because,as,since,nowthat等词引导：(1)because译作“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。(2)as(由于),since(既然),nowthat/inthat(既然),表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as,since和nowthat引导的从句多位于主句之前。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Nowthatyouhavedonethat,stopblamingyourself.既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。条件状语从句、结果状语从句1．条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词if,unless(＝if...not),so/aslongas(只要),onconditionthat(条件是),so/asfaras,ifonly,providedthat(如果),incase(万一，如果),suppose/supposingthat(假设，如果)等均可引导条件状语从句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。(2)条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。2．结果状语从句结果状语从句由so...that...,such...that...,sothat引导。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)ThereissolittletimeleftthatIdon’tthinkIcanfinishitasscheduled.剩下这么少的时间，我想我不能按时完成。让步状语从句1．although,though,while引导的让步状语从句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Though/Although/Whileregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2．as,though引导让步状语从句常倒装。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。3．疑问词＋­ever/nomatter＋疑问词引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Howeverhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)We’llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsorwecannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这件工作做下去。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2016·长春六中模拟)Itisnearlyfifteenyears____________Ilastsawher—sheistheownerofalocalrestaurantwhereIbrieflyworkedonesummerasawaitress.答案：since2．(2016·海南海口高三诊断)Somedeepthoughtsletusknowthatwhenevenasmallmistakehasbeenmade,yourfeelingwillstayoutofbalance________________themistakeisacknowledgedandyourregretisexpressed.答案：until/till3．(2016·吉林省实验中学二模)____________Shirleywasthreeyearsold,herparentssentherandhersisterstolivewiththeirgrandmotherinBarbados.答案：When4．(2016·甘肃白银质检)DuringtheSpringFestival,therewaslessairpollution____________fireworkswereforbidden.答案：as/because5．(2015·湖南高考完形填空)It’ssimplerbecause,____________youhaveacomputer,youcanfindinformationyouneedbysearchingtheInternet.答案：if6．(2015·安徽高考单项填空)____________scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon’tknow.答案：Although/Though/Whileeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Youseemtohaveaready­madeanswerwhateverIaskyouaquestion.whatever→whenever2．You’dbetterbookroomsatthehotelinadvanceincaseofyoushouldfindnoroomonyourarrival.去掉of3．—Idon’tmindhowyoudoitunlessyoufinishthepaintingontime.—OK,Isee.unless→if4．Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious,sowemusttakeactionafteritistoolate.after→before5．—Whendidyougethomelastnight?—Itwasalmostmidnightsincewearrivedhome.since→wheneq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass____________itbegantorainheavily.答案：when2．Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms____________youcouldhaveproblems.答案：or3．(2016·山东潍坊二模)Thepolicemanlookedatmesuspiciously,____________askedmewhatIwanted.答案：and4．(2016·河南罗山高中二模)SoItoldthecashiertoaddtheballoonstomypurchases.Theoldcouplesrefusedatfirst____________Iinsisted.答案：but5．(2016·江西南昌调研)OnAugust24,1853,acustomerreturnedhisfriedpotatoestothekitchen,____________theyweren’tcrunchy(脆的)enough.答案：because6．(2016·河南罗山高中二模)Theyseemedtobetoonervousandweretooanxioustoleave,soIasked____________theywantedtogoaheadofmeornot.答案：whether7．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟)Gateswasonly20yearsold____________hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1975.答案：when8．(2016·曲阜市三校模拟)OnceIsuddenlyfoundmylongtimeusedumbrella“disappeared”.Ireallygotlost____________regrettedquitesometimeformyowncarelessness.答案：and9．(2016·山东滕州4月模拟)____________theboyisanythinglikehisfather,hewillgrowtobeamanyoucanbeproudof.答案：If10．(2016·潍坊高考模拟)Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidn’tstartthefire.However,severalhourspassed____________afiremanaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.答案：before11．(2016·江西上饶模拟)Soyouhavetothinkaboutstormsinsummer;thinkaboutrocks____________youenjoythesandandsun.答案：when/as/while12．(2016·江西九江模拟)TheTeaHousehasopenedthreechainshops____________itfirstappearedin1999.答案：since13．(2016·湖南常德一中月考)____________Icouldexpressmythankstothetraveler,hehadalreadydisappearedintherain.答案：Before14．(2016·陕西质量检测)Sticktowhatyouthinkisright,____________youwillgainasurprisinghappyending.答案：and15．(2016·山东威海期中)Mypartnerwantstokeepthecompanysmall____________I’dliketoexpandit.答案：but/whileeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．(2016·安徽合肥一模)Thoughithasbeenoneyearbeforehecametothecity,heknowseverystreetherelikethebackofhishand.before→since2．(2016·福建福州三中期中)—WhatdidhethinkofthetriptoBeijinglastmonth?—HehadsuchagoodtimebeforehevisitedtheGreatWall.before→when3．(2016·河南高考适应性测试)MuchalthoughIamfondofher,Ican’texpressmyselfinwords.although→as/though4．(2016·安徽安庆五校联考)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimesinceMr.Smithisavailable.since→before5．Don’tpresstheredbutton，andyouwillsetoffthealarm.and→or6．Itwasthelate1930sthatJ．R.R.TolkienbegantowritetheopeningchaptersofTheLordoftheRings.that→when7．ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers，whentheAmericansareforthemselves.when→while8．Ifitturnsouttobegoodorbad，we’llfindoutmoreinformationtoprovethetheory.If→Whethereq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空CavalierKingCharlesSpanielThisdogisvery1.____________(access)andlikesgettingclosetoeveryoneitmeets.Thiskindofdogissocutethateventhoughitmighthaveneverseenyou2.____________，ifitseesyousittingdownandlookinglovely,itwilljumpontoyourlapandshowyou3.____________(kind).Thesedogsarenottherightchoiceifyouarelookingforawatchdog,butifyouwantanhonestcompanion,youneedlookno4.____________(far).Ifyouacceptthemasapartofyourfamily,theywillprovideyouwithloveandaffection.Butbesidesbeingloving,theyarealsoveryplayfulandlikechasingothersmallanimals,so5.____________(keep)themonachainwhengoingforawalkwouldbeasmartthingtodo.Iftheirpersonalitydoesn’tmakeyourheart6.____________(melt),theirbeautifuleyes7.____________，andwhenyouseethewarmthinthemyouwillfeeltheurgetopetthem—andthatisexactly8.____________theywant.Thisdogisalong­termcommitment,andyourlifecould9.____________(enrich)byitscompanyifyouareready10.____________that.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了骑士查理王犬的个性及特征。1．accessible解析：考查词性转换。系动词后接形容词作表语，accessible意为“易接近的”。2．before解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处指的是“即使它之前从未见过你”,故要用before,before与完成时连用。3．kindness解析：考查词性转换。show后接双宾语，且you为间接宾语，故用名词kindness作直接宾语。4．further/farther解析：考查比较级。由语境可知，此处指“你不需要再找了”,应用副词比较级。5．keeping解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语，故用keeping。6．melt解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，heart与melt之间是主动关系，故用省略to的不定式作宾补。注意：melt表示“态度软下来，变得温和有同情心”时，是不及物动词。7．will解析：考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句用了一般现在时表将来，故主句用一般将来时。注意：will后的makeyourheartmelt承前省略。8．what解析：考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。9．beenriched解析：考查动词的被动语态。句子的主语yourlife与enrich之间为被动关系，再根据could可知，该空填beenriched。10．for解析：考查介词。此处是bereadyfor“为……做好准备”的搭配，故填介词for。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改错(2016·江西新余二模)Ourgovernmentisbuilta“harmonioussociety”.Itisourdutytoworkhardtoachievethisgoals.Firstofall，weshouldloveourmotherland，caringaboutthedevelopm