大二下学习-微生物课件19.virus

chapter22Diagnosis,preventionandtreatmentforvirusinfectionp.285重点及难点标本的采集和送检病毒分离培养方法病毒感染的血清学诊断方法人工主动免疫和被动免疫及其常用制剂Section1DiagnosisforvirusinfectionIsolationandidentificationaretimeconsuming,andcomplex,sorapiddiagnosisisveryuseful!

1.aboutvirussample#

samplescouldbetreatedwithdoubleantibiotics,suchasPNCandSTR#doublespecimen:oneearlier,(forAbcheck)oneconvalescence

2.Viruscultureandidentificationforvirusculture,livingcellsareneeded.Threemethodsprovidinglivingcells:1)animalinoculation2)embryonatedeggs

chorioallantoicmembrane

allantoiccavity

amnioticcavity

yolksacanimalinoculation3)tissueculture

primaryculturalcell

diploidcellstrain

continuouscellline:

mostfromcancercells,suchasHEP-2、HeLa

andKBcelllines

(1)indicatorsforvirusreplication:*CPE(cytopathiceffect)*inclusionbodyCPEnormalcellcytopathicReplicationIndicatorinclusionbodypHchangeofculturalsolution*Metabolicchange:*virusinterference：*IF(2)Measuringforvirusnumberandinfection*PFU(plaqueformingunit):

PFU/ml*TCID50

orID50：*hemagglutionation：

++++++++++++++++++--hemoagglutinationtest

titre：++plaqueformationtestplaqueformattingunit：PFU/mlMOI:multiplicityofinfection

pfunumber/cell,orv.p.number/cell

multiplicityofinfection

3.Serologicaldiagnosis(forAbagainstvirus)1)neutralizationtest2)complementfixationtest3)hemagglutinationinhibitiontest4)agarosegelimmunodiffusiontest5)westernblot6)IgMchecked4.Rapiddiagnosisforvirusinfection

1.

morphorology：EMorIEM，≥107/ml

2.virusproteins：IF，RIA，EIA

3.specificIgM：

4.nucleicacid：PCR,

LCRorQ-PCR

Section2

Principlesforpreventionand

treatmentofviralinfectionp.290Preventionforvirusinfection1.Thebasicprinciplesforprevention---killthepathogenicvirus---cutofftherouteofinfection---enhancetheimmunityofhumanbodyartificialpassiveimmunization---specificIg,HBIg---lymphokines2.Methodsofimmunizationartificialactiveimmunization ---VariousvaccinesI)activeimmunization vaccines:3generations1st：killed、attenuated、binant2nd：subunitgeneengineeredsynthesis3rd：DNAvaccine国家免疫规划疫苗:2008年2月乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、白破疫苗（以前）甲肝疫苗、流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗、麻风腮疫苗（08）重点人群和地区：出血热疫苗、炭疽疫苗、钩体疫苗预防的传染病15种:乙肝、结核、脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹、甲肝、流脑、乙脑、风疹、腮腺炎、出血热、炭疽、钩体II)passiveimmunization1.gammaglobulin:

serum/placental,HBIg

2.IFN,cytokines(IL-2,6,12)

3.antiseraⅡ.Treatmentforvirusinfection1.Chemicaldrugs:beginningin1959

1)Nucleoside：acyclovir(ACV)、3TC

ribavirin,AZT(齐多夫定),etc2)Non-Nucleoside：fewerNevirapine,pyridone,PFA(甲磷酸霉素)3)ProteaseInhibitors:saquinavir,indinavir4)others:amantadine,rimantadine，

Oseltamivir

phosphate

Capsules2.others:1)IFN

andIFNinducer2)TraditionalChineseMedicine3)Genetherapy

includingasON，siRNA，ribozyme4)Therapyvaccine5)Newantibiotics:a.Producedbyfungus---cytochalasinAb.Producedbyactinomycetes---actinomycinDc.neomycinB29以流感病毒为例，试述病毒分离培养的一般程序。病毒感染血清学诊断常用的方法及原理？病毒感染早期的实验室快速诊断有哪些方法？病毒分离培养时对临床标本的采集和送检有哪些要求？病毒检测和细菌检测有什么区别？复习思考题中英文关键词红细胞吸附hemadsorption血清学检测serologicaldiagnosis细胞病变效应cytopathiceffect,CPE血凝抑制试验hemagglutinationinhibitiontest50%组织细胞感染量50%tissuecultureinfectiousdose,TCID50

[1]NealNathanson.ViralPathogenesisandImmunity.(secondedition)，北京：科学出版社，2008。[2]Mar