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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川铁道职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

I(

)youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保,保证”,指确保某事会发生,宾语一般接物,而不是人;B选项assure“使确信,向……保证”,其后宾语一搬接人;C选项confirm“(尤指提供证据来)证实,证明,确认”;D选项insist“坚决要求,坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意:我向你保证,这批货将于下周交货。

2.单选题

Bribery()theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

问题1选项

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:aggravates“加重,使恶化;使恼火”;B:deteriorates“恶化,变坏”;C:corrodes“(渐渐)损害;(一点一点地)损伤”;D:degenerates“使退化;恶化;使变质”。句意:贿赂伤害了买卖双方必须存在的信任。根据句意及动宾搭配可知C最合适。

3.不定项选择题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterworldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguistic(语言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshaveEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobable(

).

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir(

).

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,American’sculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill(

).

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat(

).

问题1选项

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

问题2选项

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

问题3选项

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

问题4选项

A.affecttheirimagesinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

问题5选项

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干:中东人距离美国人太近会最可能……A选项“站着不动”;B选项“跳到一边”;C选项“走得更近”;D选项“使保持距离”。定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.(此外,我们喜欢认为自己是友好的,但拉丁人和中东人更喜欢与他人至少3英尺或1臂的距离,这让美国人感到不舒服。)以及第二段第一句linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld(语言和文化上的盲目性,以及我们对其他国家的品味、手势、习俗和语言的不上心,正在使我们在世界上失去朋友、生意和尊重。),从这里可以看出美国人不喜欢别人离得很近,而且比较自我,所以在别人离得很近的时候最有可能的反应就是和他们保持距离,所以答案选D选项,其他选项不符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题干:作者举了许多例子来批评美国人的……。A选项“文化自我中心”;B选项“随意的态度”;C选项“对外国游客的冷漠”;D选项“对其他文化的傲慢”。定位到文章第一段第一句话OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.(我们的文化使大多数美国人认为,不仅我们的语言是通用的,而且我们使用的手势每个人都能理解),后面的例子包括美国的餐馆等公共场所只有英文标志,没有其他语言的标志,美国人出国旅游都需要翻译,这些都表明了美国人的文化自我中心,所以答案选A;B、D选项文章没有提及;C选项只是文化自我中心的一个例子。

第3题:事实细节题。题干:在其他国家,大多数美国人……A选项“被当地人孤立了”;B选项“由于语言障碍消息不会很灵通”;C选项“和当地人相处得很好”;D选项“酒店及餐厅需要翻译”。第三段第五、六、七句:Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.(当我们出国时,我们倾向于聚集在说英语的酒店和餐馆。我们获取的态度和信息是由那些本地人决定的——通常是那些说英语的富人。我们的商业往来,以及国家的外交,都是通过翻译官进行的)。从这里可以看出因为美国人的消息是会英语的富人提供的,所以消息不会很灵通,B选项正确;A、C、D选项文章没有提及。

第4题:判断推理题。题干:根据作者,美国人的文化盲目性和语言无知将……A选项“影响他们在新时代的形象”;B选项“切断自己与外界的联系”;C选项“限制他们在国际事务中的作用”;D选项“削弱美元的地位”。第四段第一句AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.(美国人和美国人可以忍受文化盲目性和语言无知)最后一段第二三句话Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs(美元不再能买到所有好东西,我们开始慢慢意识到我们在世界上的适当角色正在发生变化。1979年哈里斯民意调查显示,55%的美国人希望美国在国际事务中发挥更重要的作用),从这里可以看出以前美国人能够承受文化自我中心带来的后果,但是随着美元的衰落,美国这种自我中心的心态已经影响了美国人在国际事务中的地位,所以答案选C;整篇文章没有提到美国人的形象问题以及美国人与世隔绝了,所以B选项不选。A、D选项与题无关。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干:作者写这篇文章的目的就是要让美国人意识到这一点。A选项“忽视他们的外国朋友是危险的”;B选项“保持他们在国际事务中的领导作用是重要的”;C选项“在公共场所使用几种语言是必要的”;D选项“是时候去了解其他文化了”。整篇文章都是围绕美国的文化自我中心来展开的,比如第一段第一句OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone(美国文化让大多数美国人认为,不仅我们的语言是通用的,而且我们的手势每个人都能理解)第二段第一句Ourlinguisticandculturalblindness(我们语言和文化上的盲目)第四段第一句的culturalblindness(文化上的盲目)。结合选项,选项中唯一讲文化的只有D选项,所以答案选D。A、B、C选项只是对文章内容的截取。

4.单选题

Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.However,iftheydidnotallappearatonce,thentherewouldalwaysbefundstopaythosewhowantedtheirmoneywhentheywantedit.Mrs.ElsieVaughthastoldusofaterrifyingbankrun(挤兑)thatsheexperienced.Oneday,inDecemberof1925severalbanksfailedtoopeninacitywhereshelived.Theotherbanksanticipatedarunthenextday,andsotheofficersofthebankinwhichMrs.Vaughtworkedasateller(出纳员)hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply.Theofficerssimplyinstructedthetellerstopayondemand.Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.Thepowerofthepanicatmosphereisevidentinthefactthattwotellers,thoughtheyknewthatthebankwassoundandcouldpayoutalldepositors,neverthelesswithdrewthefundsintheirownaccounts.Mrs.Vaughtsaysthatshehaddifficultyrestrainingherselffromdoingthesame.

11.Abankrunoccurswhen______.

12.WhathappenedtosomeofthecustomersofthebankwhereMrs.Vaughtworked?

13.Theessentialcauseofarunonabankis______.

14.ThecrowdsgatheredinMrs.Vaught’sbankandonthesidewalkbecauseof______.

15.Accordingtothepassage,theactionsofthecustomersofMrs.Vaught’sbankwereinfluencedchieflyby______.

问题1选项

A.abankisclosedforoneormoreday

B.employeesofabanktaketheirownfundsoutofthebank

C.toomanydepositorsattempttodrawouttheirmoneyatonetime

D.thereappearlonglinesinfrontofthetellers’windows

问题2选项

A.Theylosttheirmoney.

B.Theygotinjured.

C.Theyhadtoleavepartoftheirmoneyinthebank.

D.Theywereforcedtoputtheirmoneyintootherbanks.

问题3选项

A.lackofsufficientfunds

B.toomanydepositors

C.inefficienttellers

D.lossofconfidence

问题4选项

A.doubt

B.greed

C.anger

D.curiosity

问题5选项

A.thefailureofthebanktopayoffeveryone

B.thefailureofseveralbankstoopen

C.theactionsofthetwotellersinthebank

D.thedifficultywithwhichtheyobtaintheirmoney

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】11.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章前三句Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.(银行通常不会准备支付所有储户的款项;它们依赖储户不会全部同时要求取款。如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人,那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。如果他们这样做了,银行就不能支付所有的储户。),说明在所有储户同时来取款的时候,会发生银行挤兑。因此C选项“有太多的储户试图同时取款”正确。A选项“银行停业一天或一天以上时”,B选项“银行的员工将自己的存款从银行取出来”,D选项“柜员窗口前出现了长长的队伍”均不符合题意,所以A,B,D错误。

12.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三、四句Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.(人们开始推挤,然后争夺靠近出纳员窗口的位置。衣服被撕破,四肢被打断,但拥堵仍持续了几个小时。),沃特夫人工作的银行一些顾客因为推搡而受伤。因此B选项“他们受伤了”正确。A选项“他们的钱丢了”,C选项“他们不得不把一部分钱留在银行里”,D选项“他们被迫把钱存入其他银行”在文中均没有提及,所以A,C,D错误。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二句Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.(如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人,那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。),说明银行挤兑本质上是因为储户担心银行的支付能力,也就是对银行失去了信心。因此D选项“失去信心”正确。A选项“缺乏足够的资金”,由原文可知银行有足够的资金,所以A错误。B选项“储户太多”,C选项“柜员效率低下”在文中均没有提及,所以B,C错误。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第五、六句Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.(第二天早上,一群人聚集在银行和外面的人行道上。队伍的长度让许多人相信,银行不可能支付所有人的款项。),说明众人聚集在银行是因为他们对银行的支付能力有所怀疑。因此A选项“怀疑”正确。B选项“贪婪”,C选项“愤怒”,D选项“好奇”在文中均没有提及,所以B,C,D错误。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由原文可知,因为储户担心银行的支付能力,害怕自己不能取出存款,所以才会做出在银行聚集、拥堵推挤等行为。根源在于severalbanksfailedtoopen“几家银行倒闭”,导致所有人都在这家银行排长队,进而引起大家的恐慌,所以B选项“几家银行的倒闭”是主要原因。原文也说明thebanks…hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply,可知这家银行是有支付能力的,也不存在取钱困难,所以A和D选项可排除;C选项“两名出纳的行为”其实源自于储户的行为,所以并不是储户行为的原因,也可以排除。

5.单选题

ThedecisiontocallitquitsbyMr.Grimm,ofStatenIsland―perhapsbestknownforthreateningtobreakareporterinhalfand()aCapitolHillbalcony—cameafteraconversationonMondaywiththeHousespeaker,JohnA.Boehner,whichasourceclosetothespeakerconfirmed.

问题1选项

A.throwhimoff

B.throwinghiminto

C.throwinghimselfoff

D.throwhimselfinto

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据空格前的tobreak可判断,空格应该填动词圆形,和break构成并列成分,选项B和C可排除。固定搭配throwoff“扔开,抛开”,接宾语用宾格形式,所以用him,句意:斯塔顿岛的格林姆先生-或许是因为威胁将一名记者将他劈成两半后从国会山的阳台扔下而最出名。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

People'stastesinrecreationdifferwidely.Atarecentfestivalofpop-musicintheIsleofWight,crowdsofteenagersflockedtolistentotheirfavoritesingersandmusicians.Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.Theywerepackedtogetherlikesardinesforfourdays.Therewereinnumerablethieves,agangofroughstriedseveraltimestobreakthingsupandpolicewereeverywhere.Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.Mostpeoplewouldconsidertheseconditionsanightmareofdiscomfort,thefansappearedtoenjoyitallenormously.

EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry,wherepeoplewithmoretraditionaltastescangoforquiet,andforthesenseoffreedomtheyderivefromcontactwithnature.Inthenationalparksespecially,moderndevelopmentofhousingandindustryisstrictlycontrolled.Visitorsmaywalkformilesthroughlandscapeofthegreatestbeautyandwildness,andoftenofconsiderablehistoricorscientificinterest.Alongthecoastsofsomeofthemaritimecounties,publicpathwayshavebeencreated,thesepathsstretchformanymilesalongcliffsthatlookoutontheAtlanticOceanortheEnglishChannel.Anotherpath,lyinginland,goesalongtherangeofmountainsinthenorthofEngland.ItiscalledthePennineWay.Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.

Yetfewpeoplemakefulluseofthenationalparksestablishedforeveryone'sbenefit.Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by(路旁停车处).Apicnicbasketisproduced,alongwithafoldingtableandchairs,akettleandaportablestove.Theythensettledowntoapicnicinthelay-bybesidethecar.Apparentlytheirideaofenjoymentistogetintothefreshairandamongstthecountrysightsandsoundswithouthavingtowalkayard.Theyseemalmosttoliketohearandtosmellthetraffic.

1.InBritain,accordingtothepassage,itisveryriskyto(

).

2.Attheendofthefestival,manyyoungfans

).

3.EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelarge

).

4.Publicpathwaysarecreatedforpeopleto

).

5.Familygroupsnowadaysliketo(

).

问题1选项

A.gowithasinglerailwayticket

B.listentopop-musicatthefestival

C.sleepintheopen

D.packtogetherincrowds

问题2选项

A.werearrestedbythepolice

B.hadspentmostoftheirmoney

C.weresleepingout

D.becamequitepenniless

问题3选项

A.tracksthroughtheopencountry

B.areasofcountrywithoutsoil

C.areasofcountrysidenotdeveloped

D.expansesoflandwherenobodyworks

问题4选项

A.commutetowork

B.enjoylong-distancewalking

C.walktomaritimecounties

D.visitthehistoricorscenicsites

问题5选项

A.havemealsoutofdoorsbytheroad-side

B.goforawalkawayfromhome

C.driveoutpastthebeautifulplaces

D.hearandsmelltheanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.(他们带着单程火车票,睡在露天,这在英国的气候下是非常危险的事情,即使在八月也是如此)可知选C。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.(在节日结束时,许多年轻的粉丝发现自己破产了,没有钱,他们很难回家)可知D选项“变得身无分文”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry(即使在过于拥挤的英国,也有大片未被破坏的乡村地区)可知C选项“未开发的农村地区”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.(在这里,长距离步行者和大自然爱好者可以找到更多的乐趣,而不会受到大量同伴的打扰)可知B选项“享受长途步行”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by.(现在最常见的事情是,全家人一起开车去一个美丽的景点,把汽车停在路边的停车带)可知C选项“开车经过美丽的地方”符合题意。

7.单选题

Theworkisnotveryprofitable()cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.

问题1选项

A.inaccordancewith

B.onthebasisof

C.intermsof

D.inthelightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析题。A:inaccordancewith“与……一致”;B:onthebasisof“基于”;C:intermsof“在……方面”;D:inthelightof“根据”。句意:这项工作在金钱方面没什么优势,但是我却从中得到了宝贵的经验。结合此处语义,C为正确答案。

8.单选题

Nowhereelsealongthecoast______suchshallowwatersofarfromland.

问题1选项

A.isthere

B.isit

C.thereis

D.itis

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.isthere有B.isit它是

C.thereis有D.itis它是

【考查点】倒装。

【解题思路】Nowhere是含有否定的词语,把含有否定的词语放在句首,句子需要部分倒装,而根据alongthecoast(沿海),可知用therebe句型符合句意。因此,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

C、D选项没有倒装;

B选项并不符合句意。

【句意】沿海没有其他地方有如此远离陆地的浅滩。

9.不定项选择题

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots().

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe().

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata().

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat().

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas().

问题1选项

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

问题2选项

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

问题3选项

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

问题4选项

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

问题5选项

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

问题6选项

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

问题7选项

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

问题8选项

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:E

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。各选项的意思是:A:描述热点如何影响火山的灭绝;B:描述并解释海洋和大陆的形成;C:解释如何估计死火山熔岩流的年龄;D:描述热点并解释它们如何影响和记录板块的运动;E:描述太平洋岛链的形成和方向。本文介绍了火山活动地区,即热点,并且详细解释了它们是如何影响和记录板块运动的:除了作为参照系外,热点显然还影响着推动板块横穿全球的地球物理过程。因此D项正确。

24.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是:A:只能在岛屿附近找到;B:是活火山,而其他的都是死火山;C:离地球表面更近;D:可以沿着板块的边缘找到;E:熔岩中有更多的碱金属。根据题干关键词hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段:Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins(与大多数火山不同的是,热点很少出现在构成地壳的大陆板块和海洋板块的边界上;大多数热点位于板块内部深处,并固定在地球表面的深层。热点与其他火山的区别还在于它们的熔岩,这些熔岩比那些来自板块边缘的火山含有更多的碱金属)。由此可知,E项“熔岩中有更多的碱金属”正确。

25.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是:A:大陆的轮廓;B:海洋热点尺寸;C:两个热点同时移动;D:海底裂缝的模式;E:几个大洋中部岛链的构造。根据题干关键词Pacificplate可定位至第二段:Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain(在某些情况下,板块经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹,就像风吹过烟囱时会喷出一股浓烟一样。夏威夷群岛似乎就是这样形成的,由一个单一的熔岩源从热点涌出,太平洋板块大致经过热点从东到西北,伴随着一系列年龄不断增长的火山,另外两个太平洋岛链——南海岭和土阿莫土海岭——平行于夏威夷岛链的结构)。由此可知太平洋板块明显的运动轨迹的证据是由几个大洋中部岛链的构造提供的,故选E项,其余选项并不符合题意。

26.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是:A:热点是活跃的;B:大陆板块移动了;C:大陆破裂迫在眉睫;D:“热点”移动得非常快;E:火山含有大量的碱金属。根据题干关键词spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段:Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence(大陆板块是静止的最有力的证据是,在一些热点地区,几个时代的熔岩是重叠的,而不是按时间顺序排列的),而该句前面指出:Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit(热点提供了测量仪器,可以用来解决这样一个问题:两个大陆板块是朝相反的方向移动,还是一个静止不动而另一个正远离它而漂移)。因此,B项“大陆板块移动了”是正确选项。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。各选项的意思是:A:这三个群岛正在向东移动;B:三个岛链上的所有岛屿都停止了移动;C:这三个岛链是同一板块运动的结果;D:夏威夷群岛正以相对较快的速度从其他两个岛链中撤退;E:南海岭和土阿莫土海岭链越来越靠近,而夏威夷群岛则保持不变。根据题干关键词theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段:Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain(在某些情况下,板块经过热点时会留下死火山的痕迹,就像风吹过烟囱时会喷出一股浓烟一样。夏威夷群岛似乎就是这样形成的,由一个单一的熔岩源从热点涌出,太平洋板块大致经过热点从东到西北,伴随着一系列年龄不断增长的火山,另外两个太平洋岛链——南海岭和土阿莫土海岭——平行于夏威夷岛链的结构)。因此,C项“这三个岛链是同一板块运动的结果”正确,其余选项均不符合原文所述。

28.【试题答案】E

【试题解析】判断推理题。各选项的意思是:A:热点比大陆和海洋板块移动得更快,原文并未提及;B:热点是大陆板块年龄的可靠指标,原文并未提及;C:热点是仅在大陆板块内部发现的火山活动区,第一段指出:mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface(大多数热点位于板块内部深处,并固定在地球表面的深层),原文只是说“大多数”,因此C项错误;D:太平洋热点的排列与太平洋岛屿的排列是平行的,原文并未提及;E:非洲和南美洲的海岸线表明,它们可能曾经构成了一个单一的大陆,然后

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