考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifounditdifficultto（）mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

问题1选项

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。intensify使增加，加剧；amend修改；reconcile使顺从，和解；consolidate合并，巩固，加强。句意：我发现很难让我的事业抱负（）抚养孩子的需求。reconcilewith意为“使一致，和好，调解”，因此C选项符合句意。

2.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

3.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：Seeyouinthecourt(球场上见)。

4.单选题

（

）,there’sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.

问题1选项

A.Ideal

B.Principally

C.Presumably

D.Originally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally“理想地”；principally“主要地”；presumably“大概”；originally“原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Manyyearshad（）beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.preceded

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】float漂流；elapse时间流逝；precede领先，在…之前；proceed开始，继续进行。句意：许多年过去了，他们才回到原来的城市。这里指时间流逝，所以选项B正确。

6.单选题

Criticalarticlesonthisnovelarguethatthoughtheplotseemslogical,theendingofthenovelis_______.

问题1选项

A.tardy

B.ramrod

C.farfetched

D.factitious

【答案】C

【解析】tardy行动缓慢的;ramrod严厉的,生硬的;farfetched牵强的;factitious人为的,虚假的。句意：有关这篇小说的评论称，虽然情节看似合乎逻辑，但小说的结尾却很牵强。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

问题1选项

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗鲁的”；average“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。

8.翻译题

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。

放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。

当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。

中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。

9.单选题

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

问题2选项

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

问题3选项

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

问题4选项

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

问题5选项

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问：哪个单词完美总结了Jennie的男朋友？A选项“一个失败者”，定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior（她的男友不仅吸毒而且有其他自残的行为）。第三段作者还说Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.（我只是不敢相信她真的认为和一群废柴在一起是可以接受的，尤其是她的男朋友。）也就是说珍妮的男友是位失败者，A选项最佳总结了她的男朋友。B选项“一个吸毒者”，C选项“一个惹是生非的人”，D选项“一个罪犯”。

2.判断推理题。题干问：Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友这段感情的？B选项“他们不允许她继续和他在一起”，定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.（她一直在向父母撒谎她要去哪里，甚至偷偷溜出去见那个男人，因为他们不希望她在他身边）因此我们可以得出她的父母是不同意她和他在一起的，答案为B。A选项“他们非常宽容”，C选项“他们对这个并不关心”，D选项“他们认为他们的女儿值得更好的”。

3.事实细节题。题干问：作者对于Jennie和她男朋友的这段感情是怎么看的？D选项“她尽自己的最大努力去劝Jennie分手”，作者在第二段抱怨说NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.（不管我怎么努力告诉她她值得更好的，她都不相信我）。在第三段又说Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble（我试图让她相信，她正在毁掉自己的未来，惹上大麻烦），也就是说作者一直想办法劝阻珍妮不要继续和她的男友来往了，答案为D。A选项“她对于Jennie选择了一个这样的男朋友感到很生气”，B选项“她威胁说，如果珍妮不听她的劝告，她就要同珍妮绝交”，C选项“她对于Jennie告诉她自己有男朋友而感到很骄傲”。

4.事实细节题。题干问：作者对于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的？D选项“她感到高兴并骄傲”；定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.（我只是在电话的另一端听着，喜极而泣。）证明作者得知这个消息之后又开心又激动，答案为D。A选项“她感到松了一口气”，B选项“她感到精疲力竭”，C选项“她感到沮丧并且生气”。

5.归纳概括题。题干问：作者写这篇文章是为了传递什么信息呢？D选项“真挚的友谊可以战胜一切”；从全文来看，珍妮和作者有着十分深厚的友谊，她们彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友，这位男友不仅吸毒而且还有其他的自残行为——这让作者十分不安，希望珍妮立刻断绝她和这位男友的来往。但一开始珍妮并没有接受她的规劝，所以作者感到十分沮丧。作者只能以她们的深厚友谊为赌注，希望珍妮能相信作者是在尽力拯救她，希望她们的友谊能帮助她们克服一切困难。最终珍妮经过长时间的痛苦的思考，终于醒悟过来，和那位男友断绝了关系，摆脱了困境，因此答案为D。A选项“毒品可以摧毁无辜的年轻人”，B选项“年轻人在挑选伴侣时应该小心”，C选项“家长应该照顾关心他们的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意义。

10.单选题

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

问题1选项

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词序。当名词前有多个形容词做定语时，这些形容词的排序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词+形状、大小、长短、高低+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区+物质材料+中心词。translucent（半透明的）指颜色，marble（大理石）指物质材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心词，因此选B。

句意：这位年轻的艺术家创造了半透明的大理石雕像。

11.单选题

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

问题1选项

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:发展核科学是给人们造福，而不是危害人们。

短语辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超过，多于;ratherthan而不是。故选D。

12.单选题

Themissioncontrollerssayitisimportantto________thatthespacepioneersdonotgohungry.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.assure

C.becertain

D.bedependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“保证，确保”；B选项“保证，担保”；C“确信，肯定”；D选项“依靠”。句意：任务团的负责人说：“（）太空航天员不饿肚子是很重要的。”根据句意排除D。

1.assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信，assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，如Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem（他向我们保证他有解决这件事的能力）

2.ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生（tomakesurethatsth.happens）。ensure后可以直接跟that-clause，并可以用复合宾语。Wemustensurethatallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.（我们必须确保所有的病人都能够得到高质量的护理。）

3.certain表示某人准确无疑的相信某事，如She’sabsolutelycertainshe’sgoingtomakeitintheworld.（她确信自己将享誉全球。）

13.单选题

Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.

Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.

Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansayisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,andthenthewholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.

Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.

Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.

Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.

1.Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare（

）.

2.Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby

（

）.

3.Thestressman'sjobisto

（

）.

4.Thefirstthreeairplanesofanewtype

（

）.

5.Allequipmentinanaircraftmust（

）.

问题1选项

A.speedandcost

B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort

C.lightnessanddependability

D.abilitytostayupintheairandreliability

问题2选项

A.theengineerpower

B.theamountoffreightroom

C.thenumberofpassengers

D.internationalregulations

问题3选项

A.testhowsafetheplaneis

B.calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe

C.workouthowheighttheplanemayflyat

D.controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry

问题4选项

A.areonlyforshow

B.arealldestroyed

C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts

D.areusedfortestingpurposes

问题5选项

A.betestedtodestruction

B.notbetoolightinweight

C.workespeciallywellathightemperatures

D.workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperatures

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.（有两件主要的事情使飞机工程变得困难：需要使每一个部件尽可能可靠，以及需要建造一切尽可能轻的东西）可知C选项“轻便与可靠性”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.（考虑到一定的发动机功率，并由此产生一定的燃料消耗，可以飞行的飞机的总重量有一个实际的限制）可知飞机的最大可能重量由发动机功率决定的，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.（设计人员必须计算每个零件将承受的正常载荷）可知B选项“计算每个部分能承受的正常重量”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.（当一种新型飞机被制造出来时，正常情况下，头三架飞机中只有一架可以飞行。在结构试验中，两架将在地面上销毁，第三架将在空中进行测试）可知这三架飞机都是用来测试的，两架用于地面测试，一架用于空中测试，因此选D。

5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.（但必须在海拔较高、温度可能低于冰点的情况下工作，也必须在热带地区的热空气中工作）可知飞机上的所有设备都必须能在温差范围极大的条件下工作，因此选D。

14.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economics“n.经济学；国家的经济状况”；B选项economic“adj.经济的，经济上的；经济学的”；C选项economy“n.经济；节约；理财”；D选项economical“经济的；节约的；合算的”。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义，一般用作定语；economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”，相当于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表语也可作定语。句意：汤姆认为这里的经济状况不如家乡。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

问题1选项

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

问题2选项

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

问题3选项

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

问题4选项

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

问题5选项

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因为我们每个人在遗传能力和表达这些能力的有利环境方面都有独特的差异，所以我们必须广义地定义成功。”由此可知环境和能力是成功的必要因素。C项正确。

2.词义题。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“对一些人来说，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨过自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些内心平静的可怜的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人与家人一起在大自然的美景中享受简朴的生活。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起来拥有丰富的物质财富，他们中的许多人似乎是悲惨的，当以他们自己的成功目标来判断时，他们认为自己是不成功的。可知富人认为自己不成功是因为从他们自己的目标来衡量时并不够富有。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顾问补充说:“你并没有真正失败，也没有破坏你成功的机会，直到你在你真正喜欢的事情上失败了，并为此付出了最大的努力。可知D项正确。ABC三项与原文不符。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要第一段讲述了成功的定义，第二段和第三段分别举例说明什么是成功。故A项正确。

16.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一种观点强烈地认为大学本科学位或继大学本科学位之后的专业学位（诸如医学和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在过去，没有大学学历的情况下得到一份高薪的工厂工作是可能的；从职业学校或工作上学得技巧的工人们可以做不需要大学学历的工作。

3.在美国很多新工作要么要求大专学历甚至研究生学历，要么它们是经济服务业里（诸如快餐店，小商店和旅馆）的底薪工作。

4.较高薪酬的技术工作和需要有限技能的较低薪资的工作都的确如此。

5.住校或通勤来上课的一些学生通过远程学习来完成至少部分课程，不过一个学生在从不在大学校园的情况下也可能获得本科学位和研究生学位。

17.单选题

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

问题1选项

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐献”；furnish“提供、供应”；administer“管理”。句意：中国红十字会捐出了一大笔钱来减轻残疾人的痛苦。B项符合题意，答案B

18.单选题

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn