考研考博-英语-三亚学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thereport（

）sevenareaswheretheGovernmenthadaresponsibility.

问题1选项

A.purified

B.specified

C.regarded

D.labeled

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这份报告列举了政府负有责任的七个领域。

考查动词辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词的过去式。Purify净化,使纯净;specify列举,详细说明,指定;regard把……看作;label标注，贴标签于。故B符合句意。

2.单选题

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending坚定的，不易弯曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切实的，可触摸的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消费者的利益）可推测，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】消费者的利益应放在首位。

3.单选题

Eatingdisordershavebeenmostcommonlyassociatedwithwomenandthereforemoststudiesonanorexianervosahavebeenconcentratedwithinthefemalepopulation.Suchgenderbiashowevermakesitlesslikelythatadoctorwilldiagnoseamaleashavinganeatingdisorderoranorexianervosaeventhoughthesymptomsmightbeidentical.

Menarefarlesslikelytodiscussaneatingdisorderwithothermenorwithwomen.Theirdoctorsaremorelikelytodiagnosethemashavingaboutofdepressionduetostressorsomekindofupsetratherthansufferingfromaneatingdisorderbecausesuchdisordershavebeenlargelylabeledfemalediseases.Thisismostlyduetoculturaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

Discussionsaboutbeauty,newdietsandbodyweightareseenasthefemalearenaofdiscussionthatmalesseldomenter.Also,traditionallymen’sbeautyisdisplayedinbodymass,buildingmuscle,andbodybuildingandthereforetodiscussissuessurroundingweightlossisnotseenasparticularlymasculinebecausemen“Don’thavepsychologicalproblems”and“Don’ttalkabouttheirfeelings”eventhoughmendosufferfromanorexia.

ThediseaseisfarmorecommonintheWesternworldthananywhereelseandthereismuchcauseforconcernasrecentresearchsuggeststhatthediseaseisontheincrease.Thediseasemostlymanifestsitselfduringadolescencewhenthesignsofobviousweightlossbecomeapparent.Peoplewhosufferfromthediseasehaveagenuineandconstantterrifyingfearofgainingweight,evenwhentheirweightismuchlessthanpeopleoftheirsameheightandstature.

Doctorshavebeenabletocharacterizethediseasebecausethesufferer’sbodyweightisabout15%belowaveragefortheirheight.Suffersalsotendtoavoidfattyfoods,uselaxatives,diureticsorengageinexcessiveexercise.Becausepeopleliveinaworldobsessedwithimageandafashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageoftheidealbody,itcansometimesbedifficulttodistinguishbetweenanorexicsandthosewhohaveahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearancethanmostpeople.Anorexicscanbedistinguishedfromnon-anorexicsbecauseweightlossiscompletelyself-inducedvomitinguntileventuallythesituationfastgetsoutofcontrol.

Sufferersarealsocompletelypreoccupiedwiththeirbodiesandactuallybelievethemselvestobefatwheninrealitytheyaremalnourishedandstarklythinnerthantheirpeers.Theyalsobegintoloseinterestinactivitiestheirpeersareinvolvedinsuchassocializingandveryoftenbecomewithdrawn.Thesearecommonsymptomsinmanyadolescentsbutcoupledwiththeobviousanddrasticweightlossandlackofconcentrationitiseasiertodiagnoseanadolescentwiththebeginningstagesofanorexia.

Theactualcauseofthediseaseisunknownbutscientistsbelievethatbiologicalandsocialfactorsplayaroleandsometimesthediseasecanbetriggeredbytraumaticeventssuchasadeathinthefamily,stressortheonsetofpuberty.

Whileitistruethatmostsufferersofthediseasearefemale,some10%aremale.Studiesshowthattherearedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleanorexics.Femalesuffererstendtoviewthemselvesasfatter,moreoverweightthanmaleswiththesamecondition.Malestendtoengageinlessself-inducedvomiting,takefewerlaxativesanddiuretics,aremoremotivationbuthavemorephysicalcomplaints.Ithasalsobeensuggestedthatthereisalinkbetweenhomosexualityandmalesafflictedbythedisease.Theactualfigureisunknownanditisimportanttounderstandthatsuchalinkdoesnotindicatethatallmalesufferersofanorexianervosaoreatingdisorderarehomosexual.Alsotheretendstobeahigherrateinsuicideattemptsinmalesufferers.Thebiggestproblem,however,isdiagnosingmaleanorexiaoreatingdisorderbecauseofthecommonbeliefthatsuchdiseasesareessentiallyfemalealthoughthemedicalprofessionismoreawareofmaleanorexiathaneverbefore.

Suffererscangomanyyearswithouttreatmentbuteventuallysuffererslosemorebodyweight,asmuchas25%-30%,whichleadstochronicillnessandevendeath.Themortalityrateisashighas5%.Othersareluckybecausesometimestheonsetofthediseasecantemporarilycompleterecovery.

Thereistreatmentforsufferersofthisterribledisease.Insomecasessufferersaretreatedbymedication,usuallywhenthediseaseisaccompaniedbyseveredepression.Usuallythough,sufferersarereferredtoapsychologistoratherapistandareencouragedtojoinself-helpgroupsandarecounseledbypeoplewhohavefirst-handexperienceofthediseasethemselves.

1.Whymightadoctorwronglydiagnoseaneatingdisorderinmalesasstressrelated?

2.Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorinferthatmalebeautyisdifferentfromfemalebeauty?

3.Inparagraph5,whydoestheauthorsaythatit’ssometimesdifficulttodistinguishnon-anorexicsfromgenuinesufferers?

4.Inparagraph5,whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor’sopinionaboutthefashionandcosmeticsindustry?

5.Inparagraph6,whydoestheauthorstatethatinrealitysufferersaremalnourishedandstarklythinnerthantheirpeers?

问题1选项

A.Mensufferfromstressmuchmorethanwomen.

B.Womenaremuchmorelikelytobeconcernedabouttheirappearance.

C.Thestatisticsarefarhigherinwomen.

D.Somediseasesarethoughttoaffectwomenmorethanmen.

问题2选项

A.Womenthinkmake-upisnecessarytomakethemlookbeautiful.

B.It’snotconsideredverymanlytodiscussfashionandone’sappearance.

C.Menthinkwomenfindmusclesattractive.

D.Malebeautyfocusesonthephysicalaspectsofthebody.

问题3选项

A.Oursocietieshavebecomepreoccupiedwithappearance.

B.Mostpeoplethesedaysavoideatingfattyfoods.

C.Exercisehasbecomearecognizedhealthhazard.

D.Mostyoungwanttohavetheidealbodyweight.

问题4选项

A.Itisresponsibleforalotofsufferingamongyoungadults.

B.Itistherootofalleatingdisordersbecausepeoplewanttobethin.

C.Itprojectsanunattainableimageofperfection.

D.Ithasproducedasocietythatjudgespeoplebyappearance.

问题5选项

A.Toexplainthatthediseaseiscausedbytheweightlossproblem.

B.Toarguethatpeerpressurecancausestresstosomepeople.

C.Topointoutthatobsessionwiththeirbodiesresultedintheproblems.

D.Topersuadethatsufferershaveseriouspsychologicalproblems.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义推测题。定位到文章第一段，Eatingdisordershavebeenmostcommonlyassociatedwithwomenandthereforemoststudiesonanorexianervosahavebeenconcentratedwithinthefemalepopulation.（饮食失调通常与女性有关，因此大多数关于神经性厌食症的研究都集中在女性人群中）表明这项调查对女性的研究统计更多，因此选项C符合题意。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章三段，Also,traditionallymen’sbeautyisdisplayedinbodymass,buildingmuscle，andbodybuilding…（此外，传统上，男性的美体现在体重、肌肉和健美上……）这句话表明男性更多关注身体在物理方面的养成，因此选项D符合题意。

3.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，Becausepeopleliveinaworldobsessedwithimageandafashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageoftheidealbody…（因为人们生活在一个被形象所困扰的世界，时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明医生难以区分厌食症患者和那些比大多数人更关注自己外表的人是由于大多数人都想有理想身材，因此选项D符合题意。

4.观点态度题。定位到文章第五段，…fashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageoftheidealbody（……时尚和化妆品行业迫使人们树立理想身材的形象）表明作者认为时尚和化妆品行业是促使人们保持身材的源头，因此选项B符合题意。

5.作者意图题。定位到文章第六段，Sufferersarealsocompletelypreoccupiedwiththeirbodiesandactuallybelievethemselvestobefatwheninrealitytheyaremalnourishedandstarklythinnerthantheirpeers.Theyalsobegintoloseinterestinactivitiestheirpeers…（患者还完全专注于自己的身体，实际上认为自己很胖，而实际上他们营养不良，比同龄人瘦得多。他们也开始对同龄人参与的活动失去兴趣，比如社交活动，而且常常变得孤僻……）表明作者在强调患者已经出现一系列心理问题，而患者却不自知，选项D符合作者想要强调的内容，因此选项D符合题意。

4.写作题

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?5.单选题

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项.distributed“分配，分开”。B选项packed“损失，代价”。C选项prayed“祈祷”。D选项undertook“保证，承担”。句意：医生们把药品分发给水灾地区的人们。因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（

）.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等几个月才能得到充分考虑。只有选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

问题1选项

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。

8.单选题

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow（）.

问题1选项

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项clockwise“顺时针方向的”；B选项otherwise“否则、其他方面的”；C选项elsewhere“在别处”；D选项likewise“同样的、也”，句意为：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但统计数据却显示出相反的情况。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Aprilthe3rdwasthedayweattemptedtoreachMountEverest.Themorningsawusailupandrushingaboutthebungalowatdaybreak.Webumpeddowntheninemilesofdustytrack,eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.Thebottlesofoxygenwerecarefullyplacedintheirclipsandconnectedtothesystem.Theverticalcamerasweretitledandtested,andairframesandengineswereinspectedandtestedineverydetail.

Pilotsandobserversfussedaroundtheirequipment,tryingonmanytimesbeforereadjustingstraps,electricleadsandoxygenfeedpipesthathadalreadybeenadjustedtoanicety.Theythenrecheckedthechartswhichhadbeencarefullypreparedtoallowaccuratelyfortheincreasingwindspeedsduringtheclimb—alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.

Therehadbeensomuchpreparationforthisflight,andtherewasstillsomuchoftheunknownaboutit,thatthecrewscouldnothelpbeingslightlyaffectedbythegeneralexcitement.Waitingisalwaysunpleasant,andwewereallrelievedtoseethereconnaissancemachinedivingdownthroughthedusthaze.TheAirCommodorewhocommandeditbroughtwelcomenews.Thoughhehadbeenunabletoclimbabovethedust,hehadbeenabletoseetowardsthemountainsthroughthetopofthehazeandtherewasacloudlesssky.Thiswassplendid:nocloudtomarthephotography.

Wehadpromisednottoattempttheflightifthewindexceeded40milesanhour,butthiswasthefirsttimewehadfoundthewindunder100milesanhour.Weworkedouttheimplicationsandreckonedthat,providedwedidnotspendmorethanfifteenminutesatthesummit,wecouldgetbackinsideourpetrolendurance.Wemightwaitfordaysandweeksandnotgetanotheropportunity.TheAirCommodoreweighedthepositioncarefullyandgavetheword"Go".

1.Theauthorandhiscolleaguesheldtheirinstrumentsclosetotheirchestsbecause（）.

2.Whenthemembersoftheexpeditionarrivedattheaerodrome,thegroundstaffwere（）.

3.Thecrewsoftheaircraftkeptcheckingtheirequipment（）.

4.ThepurposeofthisexpeditiontoMountEverestwasto（）.

5.Thepilotstooktheopportunityto（）.

6.Theword"tarmac"inline6ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

7.Theword“They”inline3ofparagraph2refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.thereweresomanypeopleinthecar

B.thedustmighthaveobscuredtheircameras

C.thesurfaceofthetrackwasveryuneven

D.theywantedtoprotectthemselvesfrombumps

问题2选项

A.maneuveringtheaircraftintopositionontherunway

B.attachingtheclipstothebottlesofoxygen

C.waitingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

D.makingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

问题3选项

A.toensurethatthestrapsoftheiroxygenmaskswereadjustable

B.topinpointthepositionofthereconnaissanceplane

C.toverifytheaccuracyofthewindspeedsshownintheircharts

D.tokeepthemselvesbusyuntilitwastimetotakeoff

问题4选项

A.investigatetheatmosphericconditionsonthemountain

B.makeanaerialsurveyofthesummit

C.testthebreathingapparatusathighaltitude

D.penetratethedusthazesurroundingthemountain

问题5选项

A.testtheflyingspeedoverthesummitofthemountain

B.reachMountainEverestdespitethehighrateofwind

C.fussaroundtheirequipment

D.driveawayunpleasantwaiting

问题6选项

A.anoffice

B.aplace

C.apavedsurfaceforplanestotakeoff

D.arunway

问题7选项

A.straps

B.electricleads

C.oxygenfeedpipes

D.pilotsandobservers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“...eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.”每个人都把相机或更精密的仪器放在胸前,努力让我们的身体尽可能地承受住来自颠簸轨道的冲击。选项D符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.”我们到达时,地勤人员已经很忙了。存放飞机的棚子已经打开,巨大的机器正被人工搬运到停机坪上。由此可知,地勤人员是操纵飞机在跑道上就位,选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段最后一句“...alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.”在等待侦察机返回的紧张的半个小时里,所有人都试图保持忙碌。也就是说,他们不停的检查设备是为了让自己保持忙碌直到该起飞的时刻。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容,我们计算出了其中的含义,并认为,只要我们在山顶停留的时间不超过15分钟,我们就能回到汽油续航力的范围内。由此可知,这次探索珠穆朗玛峰的目的是为了对山顶作一次航空勘测。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容,我们曾承诺,如果风速超过40英里每小时,我们就不会尝试飞行,但这是我们第一次发现风速低于100英里每小时。我们可能会等上几天或几周,错过这次就再也没有下一次机会了。由此可知,即使风速很大,飞行员也要抓住这次机会登上珠穆朗玛峰。选项B正确。

6.根据原文句意：存放飞机的棚子已经打开,巨大的机器正被人工搬运到停机坪上。由此可知,“tarmac”指可供飞机起飞的地方,选项C正确。

7.根据句中的then可知,本句是对上句的补充,根据句意可知,前后主语一致,“they”指代的是“pilotsandobservers”,选项D正确。

10.单选题

Itwasclearthatthestorm（）hisarrivalbytwohours.

问题1选项

A.retarded

B.retired

C.refrained

D.retreated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retarded“延迟，阻止，妨碍”；B选项retired“退休，撤退，退却”；C选项refrained“节制，克制”；D选项retreated“撤退，退避”。句意：很明显，暴风雨使他（）了两个小时到达。本句表示的是“暴风雨使他晚到了两小时”，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

问题1选项

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

问题2选项

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

问题3选项

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

问题4选项

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

问题5选项

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点，词汇可能会发生什么变化？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知选项C表述正确；接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文，并且拼写将变得简单”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知选项A与B表述正确。综上，选项D“以上都是”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1066年以后，英国最重要的语言变化是……”文章第四段第一句话提到“尽管如此，大众还是继续说盎格鲁-萨克逊语，并且将它重建为上层阶级的语言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此选项C“盎格鲁-萨克逊被设置成主导语言”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么语法上的变化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“这样的变化（指语法变化）最快也不过几代人或几十年，所以除了语法学家，其他人都没有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此选项A“因为变化是在几代人或几十年里发生”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么做这些改变？”文章倒数第二段提到“没有人知道为什么做出这些改变”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，大部分新单词来源于……”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这些新词大多不是借用而来，而是从语言的自然发展中来的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

问题1选项

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比较级的规则。根据句中的more，肯定要有than，根据相比较对象一致的原则，本题是thatsheshouldbefree与thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之间相比较的句子，所以选项D为正确答案。

13.单选题

Iamsurethatdiseasemustpropagateinsuchunsanitaryandcrowdedareas.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.transmit

C.replace

D.isolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项eliminate“消除；排除”；B选项transmit“传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项replace“取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把……放回原处”；D选项isolate“（使）隔离，孤立；将……剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词propagate“传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。

14.单选题

HiseffortstobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthetwoParties（

）.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.cameon

C.cameround

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A选项comeoff“举行，发生；实现，成功”；B选项comeon“逐渐开始，催促”；C选项comeround/around“恢复（知觉），还原”；D选项comedown“跌落，失去财富或地位，传递”。句意：他为促成双方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

15.单选题

Whilethecompany’sCEOprofessestobeconfidentandurgesthedealforward,itsinvestorsareunlikelytobeso_______aboutitsprospects.Manywereuncomfortableatthewaythecorporationwasforcedtospendmuchofitscapitalinlastyear’sexpansion,andthisnewventureispotentiallyevenmorerisky.

问题1选项

A.apathetic

B.sanguine

C.apprehensive

D.anxious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项apathetic“无动于衷的；缺乏兴趣的”；B选项sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”；C选项apprehensive“忧虑的”；D选项anxious“担忧的；急切的”。句意：虽然该公司的首席执行官声称有信心并敦促该交易继续进行，但其投资者不太可能对其前景如此_______。根据while“虽然”，这里指CEO“首席执行官”和investors“投资者”态度相反，sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”和confident“充满信心”意思相近，搭配unlikelyto符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.填空题

A:Silviahassuggested（1）tothecinemathisevening.Howdoyoufeel（2）that?

B:Totellthe（3）,I’mnotreallyinthe（4）togooutagain.It'sbeenalongday.

Wouldyou（5）spendingaquieteveningathome（6）?

A:No,notreally.I’llphoneSilviaandtellherthatwe’llgooutwithherother

（7）

night.

【答案】going;about;truth;mood;mind;together;the

【解析】句意:

一一西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。你觉得怎样？

一一实话说，我真的不想出去了。你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗？

一一不会的。我给西尔维娅打电话告诉她我们改天晚上再跟她出去吧。

1.语义题。句意为:西尔维娅提议今晚去电影院。空前为suggest后面接doingsth.,故填going。

2.固定搭配。feelaboutsth.认为,感觉。

3.常用语。totellthetruth实话说。

4.固定搭配。inthemoodtodosth.有兴趣做某事。

5.常用语。wouldyouminddoingsth.是否介意做某事。

6.语义题。句意为:你介意一起在家里度过安静的一晚吗?故填together。

7.语法分析。Theothernight表示“另一晚”。

17.单选题

TheassessmentreportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangehaveprovidedthescientificevidenceofhumanimpactontheclimate,andaglimpseofwhatthefuturemayholdifwedon’tactfast.Butwhiletheconsensusmaybegrowingontheneedforchangesinbehavior,we’renoclosertounderstandinghowwe’regoingtodoit.Attemptinganunprecedentedshiftinhumanbehaviorwithouttheinputofpsychologistsislikesettingsailforafarawaylandwithouttheaidofnauticalmaps.

PsychologicalresearchshowsthatmostpeopleintheUKdon’tfeelpersonallythreatenedbyclimatechangebecauseitisvague,abstractanddifficulttovisualize.Thismeansthatdoomsdayscenariosandapocalypticlanguageareunlikelytowork—althoughfearcanmotivatebehaviorchange,itonlyworkswhenpeoplefeelpersonallyvulnerable.

AnAmericanstudyplayedpeoplerecordingsofactorsdeliveringspeechesaboutclimatechange.Theversionthatpeoplerespondedtothebesttalkedabout“airpollution”ratherthan“climatechange”—becausepollutionissomethingvisiblethattheycouldrelateto,withstrongconnotationsofdirtinessandpoorhealth.Climatechangeisaboutmuchmorethanjustdirtyair,butfindingwaysofmakingclimatechangemorevisibleiscritical.Peoplesimplydon’tworryaboutthingstheycan’tsee(orevenimagine).Oneapproachthathasbeenusedtoincreasetheamountthatpeopleusepublictransportbreaksdownhabitsintosimple“if…then”plans.Tochangeahabitualbehavior,apersonhastoidentifyagoal(driveless,forexample),abehaviortheywanttoperforminpursuitofthatgoal(getthebustoworkonFridays)andasituationthatwilltriggerthebehavior(havingenoughtimetocatchthebus).

Ofcourse,somepeoplearecautiousaboutcommittingthemselvestochangesintheirpersonalbehavior.Theyarguethatpoliticalagreementsandtechnologicaladvanceswilldomoretoreducegreen-housegasesthananythinganindividualcouldachieve.Butwhileitiscomfortingtodrawsharpdistinctionsbetweenpolitics,technologyandindividuals,therealityisthathumanbehaviorsupportsitall.Politicalpartieswillnotpasslegislationthatispatentlyunpopularamongtheelectorate.Technologycanprovidelow-carbonalternativeslikeelectricbuses.Butazero-emissionsbuswillhavezeropassengersunlesspeopledecidetouseit.

IfthethoughtofpsychologicallyinformedlifestylechangecampaignssoundsabittooBigBrotherforyourliking,thenconsiderthealternative:millionsofpoundsspentontechnologythatisnevertakenup,andamarket-basedsystemofeconomiccoercionthatpenalizesthepoorwhiletherichkeeppolluting.Withoutanunderstandingofwhatdrivespeople’senvironmentalbehavior,thedreamofalow-carbonsocietywillremainforeveroutofreach.

16.Infaceofclimatechange,mostpeople（）.

17.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesmightbethemosteffectivewaytomotivateenvironmentalbehaviors?

18.TheauthorwritesParagraph4to（）.

19.Thephrase“BigBrother”(Line1,Paragraph5)probablymeans（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreat

B.feelunabletotakesuchabigresponsibility

C.endeavortofindoutasolutionwithpsychology

D.takenoenvironmentallyfriendlyaction

问题2选项

A.Watchingadisasterfilm.

B.Holdingaspeechonclimatechange.

C.Appealingforgreenlights.

D.Publicizinglawnadoption.