考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Inthe1700sNorthAmericancolonistsproclaimedtheirwealthandsocial（）bywearingelaboratestockings.

问题1选项

A.responsibility

B.events

C.organization

D.status

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项responsibility“责任；职责”，B选项events“事件；大事”，C选项organization“组织；机构”，D选项status“地位；状态”；根据句意我们知道穿长筒袜是殖民者炫耀自己地位的一种手段，因此答案为D。句意为：在18世纪，北美殖民者通过穿着精心制作的长筒袜来展示他们的财富和社会地位。

2.单选题

Everymoderngovernment,liberalorotherwise,hasaspecificpositioninthefieldofideas;itsstabilityisvulnerabletocriticsinproportiontotheirabilityandpersuasiveness.

问题1选项

A.futile

B.susceptible

C.feasible

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词vulnerable意为“易受攻击的，易受……的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的”；A选项“futile”意为“无用的；无效的；没有出息的”；B选项“susceptible”意为“易受影响的；易感动的；容许……的”；C选项“feasible”意为“可行的；可能的；可实行的”；D选项“flexible”意为“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”。句意：每一个现代政府，无论是自由的还是不自由的，在思想领域都有一个特定的位置；它的稳定性易受批评家的影响，与他们的能力和说服力成比例。由题干可知，itsstability（政府的稳定性）与critics（批评家）之间应该是被影响的关系，也就是批评家的能力和说服力越强，政府的稳定性越容易受影响受伤害。由此可知，vulnerable在此处最可能是“易受伤害的”的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Myseven-yearoldnephewhadapairofnewshoesinAprilandhe'salready（）them.

问题1选项

A.outweighed

B.outgrown

C.outlived

D.outreached

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。outweighed"比…重";outgrown"长得大而容不进,比…长得快（或高、大）";outlived"比…活得长久";outreached"超越,伸出"。句意：我七岁的侄子四月份买了一双新鞋,现在已经穿不下了。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Althoughtherewasalotmoretosay,Stephen（）fromfurtherquestions.

问题1选项

A.strained

B.refrained

C.resisted

D.retreated

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。strained拉紧；refrained节制,

克制；resist抵抗,

一般与介词to搭配；retreated避开,

撤退。句意：尽管还有很多可以说的,

但斯蒂芬没有进一步回答更多的问题。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Theelevationoftheassistantcoachtotheheadcoachingpositionwithinonly9monthswasasurprise.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.promotion

C.transfer

D.precedence

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.raise加薪B.promotion（职位）晋升

C.transfer（工作）调动D.precedence优先

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句从助理教练（assistantcoach）到主教练（headcoaching）是职位的晋升，B选项“（职位）晋升”最符合原文。原文elevation“提升”

【干扰项排除】

A选项raise“加薪”，原句侧重职位提高，而不是工资的增加；

C选项transfer“（工作）调动”，没有B选项“（职位）晋升”具体；

D选项precedence“优先”，不符合原文逻辑。

【句意】助理教练在短短9个月内晋升为主教练，这是一个惊喜。

6.单选题

Asthefirm’sbusinessincreasedtheymoreandmoreemployees.

问题1选项

A.tookup

B.tookin

C.tookafter

D.tookon

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。tookup开始（从事），占据（时间，地方）；tookin吸收；tookafter与……相像，tookon雇用，承担。句意：随着公司业务的增长，他们雇用了越来越多的员工。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，无生气的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，迟钝的”。句意：孩子们重视他们写作中具有洞察力的评论、回答和问题，但是他们能迅速区分敷衍的意见和普通的赞美。选项B符合题意。

8.填空题

WhenIwasyoungIalways（1）tobecomeascientist,butattheageof18I（2）myparents'adviceanddecidedtostudylawinstead.NowadaysIthinkthiswasamistake.WhenIlookbackonmylife,I（3）mydecision.（4）,theseisnothingthatIcandoaboutitnow.

【答案】1.wanted

2.took

3.regret

4.unfortunately

【解析】1.语义题。句意:在我年轻时，我经常想成为科学家。

2.固定搭配。Takesomeone’sadvice听从某人建议

3.语义题。空格前“mistake错误”一词可推测此处句意为:当我回顾我的人生时，我后悔我的决定。

4.语义题。句意:遗憾的是现在我不能为我的决定做任何事情。

9.单选题

Whatisperhapsofgreatimportanceisthefactthatshechallengedthedecisionofheremployersandwonthecase（

）.

问题1选项

A.intheextreme

B.tothepoint

C.againstallodds

D.aroundthecomer

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intheextreme“非常，极度”；tothepoint“中肯，切题”；againstallodds“困难重重”；aroundthecomer“即将到来”。语境为：最重要的或许在于，她敢于质疑雇主的决定，并且克服重重困难最终获得胜利。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

）?

问题1选项

A.didn'tit

B.doesn'tthere

C.usedn'tit?

D.didn'tthere

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在这个停车场附近曾经有一个加油站，不是吗?

语法题。考查反义疑问。thereusedtobe句式的反义錠问句一般为“didn’tthere或usedn’tthere”。

11.翻译题

他这人喜怒无常，且好走极端。

【答案】Heismoodyandisinclinedtobeextreme.

12.单选题

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“list”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

问题2选项

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

问题3选项

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

问题5选项

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者意图题。由文章开头“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科学、技术和工业之间的相互关系在今天被认为是理所当然的——不能完全准确地概括为“研究和开发”……即使在当今这个大规模、密集的研究和开发的时代，这个过程中所涉及的相互关系也常常被误解。”以及本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科技-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知作者开头即点明人们对科学，技术，工业的相互关系的误解，最后一句也点明这三者之间正变得越来越疏远。作者的意图在于澄清人们对这三者之间的误解。故A项正确。

2.词义题。由题干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世纪后期，只有少数几个行业能够使用科学技术或关心使用它们。1870年后，这一名单显著扩大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科学技术的行业”。故C项正确。

3.细节试题题。由题干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.尽管如此，到19世纪中叶，科学知识和公众意识（如果不是理解的话）的迅速扩展使人们相信，科学的进步将以某种未指明的方式自动地产生经济效益。由此可知人们相信科学进步能够带来经济效益。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由题干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要从事基础研究的科学家也担任顾问，从事以实际方式应用研究的项目。”从事基础研究的科学家也兼顾应用研究，可知作者想表明科学家对应用研究的贡献。故C项正确。

5.判断推理题。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.总之，科学-技术-工业关系可能以几种不同的方式流动，它所遵循的特定渠道取决于个人情况。它有时甚至是多向的。”可知D项“科学和技术正变得越来越分离开”与该内容相符。故D项正确。A项与此内容不符。B项“基本科学研究不能产生实际应用”文中没提到；C项“工业应该在研究和发展上少花点钱”文中也没提到。

13.单选题

Irememberedthattherealworldwaswide,andthatavariedfieldofhopesandfears,of（）,awaitedthosewhohadthecouragetogoforthintoitsexpanse,toseekrealknowledgeoflifeamidstitsperils.

问题1选项

A.sensesandexcitements

B.sentimentandexcitement

C.sensibilityandexcitement

D.sensationsandexcitements

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。sensesandexcitements“感觉与兴奋”；sentimentandexcitement“情绪与兴奋”；sensibilityandexcitement“感觉与兴奋”；sensationsandexcitements“感动与兴奋”。根据空格前hopesandfears都是用的复数形式，可知空格中也要用名词复数。句意：我记得真实的世界是广阔的，充满希望和恐惧，充满感动与兴奋，等待着那些有勇气的人走入其中，在生活的冒险中寻求真正的知识。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.

Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.

Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.

Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.

First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.

Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.

Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.

Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto（

）.

2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow

（

）.

3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren

B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools

C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools

D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing

问题2选项

A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation

B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors

C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation

D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool

问题3选项

A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents

B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality

C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate

D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching

问题4选项

A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.

B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.

C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.

D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.

问题5选项

A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?

B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?

C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?

D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多数政府承诺提供普遍的初等教育以及促进中等教育的发展。但即使公立学校存在，它们通常还是失败了。”再根据第一段前面的内容可推断，发展中国家的政府没有履行他们的承诺，没有建立足够的公立学校。选项B符合原文；选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；选项D是私立学校繁荣的原因之一，不符合题意。所以只有选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”联合国教育特别报告员KishoreSingh曾表示：“为了捍卫教育的崇高事业，不应该允许营利性教育。”这是对原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府组织往往在意识形态上反对私营部门”的解释，说明非政府组织反对私营机构的理由。因此选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据原文倒数两段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立学校通常比公立学校更物有所值。”也就是能够充分利用资金。“privateschoolsareinnovative.”私立学校具有创新性。所以选项C符合原文。选项A显然不是私立学校超越公立学校的原因；选项B在文中没有提及；选项D表述过于片面。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不应该打击私营教育，而应该大力发展私营教育。”由此可推断，作者认为私营教育是符合社会发展的需求的。选项A正确。选项B与作者的观点不符；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D表述过于绝对。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者首先指出了发展中国家政府在公立教育方面的失败，接着提到私营教育的发展，政府反对私营教育，而作者认为应该大力发展私营教育，所以本文的主要内容是讨论支持还是反对私营教育。选项B最为恰当。

15.单选题

Allthatdaymyfatherwasin____ashehadlosthiswallet.

问题1选项

A.greatanxiety

B.ambition

C.illhumor

D.hospitality

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项greatanxiety“非常焦虑”；B选项ambition“雄心；野心”；C选项illhumor“怒气；不悦”；D选项hospitality“热情；好客”。句意：那一整天，我父亲都____好像他丢了钱包一样。根据句意，丢了钱包的人应该是焦虑，着急的，A选项greatanxiety最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

16.单选题

Hamlet______hisfather’sdeathonhisuncle.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.reverted

C.revenged

D.revealed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项reverse“颠倒、撤销、反转”；B项revert“回复、重提”；C项revenge“报复、复仇”；D项reveal“显示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔报了杀父之仇。revengeon“向……报复”；因此该题C项正确。

17.单选题

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree--marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantpricecutting,becausepricecuttingwouldbeprejudicialtocommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetoward“Mosteconomists”intheUnitedStates(para1)canbestbedescribedas____.

51.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(para1)because____.

52.Thesuggestioninthetextthatpricefixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis____.

53.Accordingtotheauthor,pricefixinginnon-socialistcountriesisoften____.

问题1选项

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

问题2选项

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

问题3选项

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

问题4选项

A.accidentalbutproductive

B.illegalbutuseful

C.legalandinnovative

D.intentionalandwidespread

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。定位到文章第一段最后一句Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot（大多数经济学家并不知道价格操纵会在何时发生，因为他们期望价格操纵由大公司之间的一系列明确协议带来；事实并非如此）和第二段第一句Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates（此外，那些认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运行是建立价格的最有效方法的经济学家没有考虑美国以外的非社会主义国家的经济），可以看出作者对大部分经济学家的态度是批判的，所以C项“批判”符合。A项“怨恨和嫉妒”，B项“蔑视和谴责”和D项“矛盾但恭敬”，均未在文中体现。

51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干：从作者的论点可以推断，卖方定价“似乎有害”，因为。定位到文章第一段第二句Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious（就此而言，由卖方决定的价格，或由消费者群体以外的任何人确定的价格，似乎是有害的），所以C项“大多数经济学家认为，消费者作为一个群体应该决定价格”符合这句话所表达的意思。而A项“人们对大公司没有信心”，B项“人们不指望政府调控物价”，D项“大多数经济学家把固定价格与共产主义和社会主义经济联系起来”均属于无中生有。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：本文认为，工业社会的价格管制是正常的，这是因为作者认为价格管制是……？定位到文章第一段第四句Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事实上，在所有工业化社会中，定价都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的定价，这是它自身发展的一个不费吹灰之力的结果），可知B项“工业系统的必然结果”符合文意，当选。A项“经济发展的有益结果”，C项“一系列精心组织的决定的结果”，D项“工业化和非工业化社会的共同现象”，均在文中未提及。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句和第三句Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace（这些经济体通常以公开的方式有意操纵价格。卡特尔的正式定价和涵盖行业成员的协议的非正式定价是司空见惯的），特别是里面的关键词intentional和commonplace，可知D项“有意和普遍的”符合题意。A项“偶然但富有成效”，B项“非法但有用”，C项“合法且创新”，都不符合文意，排除。

18.单选题

Aninnovator,ballerinaAugustaMaywoodwas（

）atravelingcompany.

问题1选项

A.toformthefirst

B.thefirsttoform

C.whoformedthefirst

D.formingthefirst

【答案】B

【解析】考查序数词的用法。句意：作为一个改革者，芭蕾舞女演员AugustaMaywood是第一个成立旅游公司的人。由句意及序数词的用法可知B项正确。The+序数词+todosth。

19.单选题

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly[A]couldhaveavertedifthefederalgovernment,specificallytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,[B]hadquicklymarshaled[C]thepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharity[D]thatwasclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveaverted

B.hadquicklymarshaled

C.thepoliticalwill

D.thatwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。A选项前的主语aman-madedisaster“人为的灾难”，与avert“避免”之间应为被动关系，应将couldhaveaverted改为couldhavebeenaverted。

20.翻译题

过去，人们并没有充分认识到污染给环境造成的影响。只是把它看成一种会熏黑房屋，弄脏河流的令人讨厌的东西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

21.单选题

Japanisgoingthroughacomplexnationalidentitycrisis.Thatmaybenobadthing,saysanewbookbyanAmericanacademicJapanologist.Theeconomyisstalled,butthesocietyisinmotion.Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways;theychangeinanincrementalprocess,generallyofsmallstepsbutwhich,overtime,canadduptobigmovements.Andjustsuchabigmovementseemstobetakingplace.

Mr.Nathan,aprofessorofJapaneseculturalstudies,hasbeenobservingJapansincethe1960s.Whereasmostpeoplelookateconomicdataorthecomingsandgoingsofprimeministers,heismoreinterestedinschools,novels,comicbooks,andthemindsofyoungentrepreneursandmavericklocalpoliticians.Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamouslycohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry’ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.

Fracturesarewhathelooksforandfracturesarewhathefinds.Onbalance,theyareneitherobviouslydangerousnorobviouslypositive,buttheyare,ashesays,signsofmotionwhichcould,intime,leadinunpredictabledirections.Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious.Now,though,Mr.Nathan’snumbersdomakethesituationlookgrave.

Since1998,youthsagedbetween14and19havebeeninvolvedin50%ofallarrestsforfelonies,includingmurder.Truancyisalsointheup.Mr.Nathanassertsthatthetruenumberis350,000children,or5%ofthestudentpopulation.

Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline—partfamilial,partsocial,partlegal一whichappeartopreventschoolsandparentsfromdealingeffectivelywitherrantchildren.

Japanis,inshort,passingthroughanationalidentitycrisis.Thereareplentyofpositiveaspectstoittoo,however.Oneisaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofactualorbuddingyoungentrepreneurs,atrendespeciallyvisibleinthewillingnessofhigh-flyerstoleavegood,safejobsinordertosetuptheirownfirms.Thenumbersremainmodest,butareneverthelesssurprisinglyhighgiventhestateoftheeconomyinrecentyears.Anotherisaneweagernessamongpopularwritersandmaverickpoliticianstotrytodefineandencourageanewnationalpride.

1.WhatcharacterizesthesocialchangesinJapanesesocietyisthat（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

3.SchoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemtobe（

）.

4.ThereasonbehindschoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemstobethat（

）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theyareoftenaccompaniedbyanationalidentitycrisis

B.theyoftentakeplaceinmajorscalebutendupinsmalleffect

C.theyoftenhappenhumblywhileproducinghugeaccumulativeconsequences

D.theyoftentakeplacewithoutbeinganalyzedandreportedduetotheircomplexity

问题2选项

A.Japanisundergoingaserious