考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

问题1选项

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词的用法。Problems前面有human作定语，可不用定冠词。固定短语inlife中不需要加入定冠词。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Themotionpictureoriginatedwhenaseriesofstillphotographwereslicedandviewedinrapidsuccessiontocreatetheillusionofmovementandcontinuity.

问题1选项

A.reduced

B.joined

C.revised

D.titled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词sliced意为“切下；把……分成部分；将……切成薄片”；A选项“reduced”意为“减少；缩小；使处于；把……分解”；B选项“joined”意为“参加；结合；连接”；C选项“revised”意为“修正；复习；校订”；D选项“titled”意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把……称为”。句意：电影起源于将一系列静止的照片切成薄片，快速连续地观看，以创造移动和连续性的幻觉。由题干可知，motionpicture（电影）最开始是以一系列静止照片的形式观看，可以推测出应该是将这些照片切成薄片，也就是胶片的样子。由此可知，sliced在此处最可能是“将……切成薄片”的意思，四个选项中reduced具有“缩小，分解”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyage2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.

问题1选项

A.changing

B.perfect

C.visible

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项changing“变化的，发展的”，B项perfect“完美的，最好的”，C项visible“明显的，看得见的”，D项fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”。句意：然后是探测飞船“航行2号”获得的特写图像，在几天之内，至少在我们看来，木卫二就变成了太阳系中最迷人的世界之一。intriguing在句中表示“迷人的”。因此，该题选择D项。

4.单选题

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingto

situations.

问题1选项

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持”；gain“获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve“收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire“获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

问题3选项

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

问题4选项

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“界定现代主义者对艺术的态度”；B选项解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的”；C选项“说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察。”；D选项“界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们的艺术所具有的各种观点，并判定每种观点的价值”，根据文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D选项。

2.根据文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.”“这说明他们就是把现代主义胜利所强加的艺术概念视为合理的，其合理程度是：艺术越强，对艺术的传统目的破坏得越大。”确定D选项“矛盾的”正确，

3.推理判断题。A选项“他想列举哪些像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统上被接受的现代艺术目的的艺术家的例子”，B选项“他想在抽象表现主义画家和古典现代主义画家之间找出相似点”，C选项“他想在流行艺术家和其它艺术家之间做一个对比”，D选项“他想解释为什么严肃摄影，像其它当代视觉形式一样不是艺术，而且也不应当充当艺术”。根据文章第三段第二句“Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting”“例如，这些认为通过拍照可以摆脱绘画所表现的艺术的矫饰的摄影家，使我们想起了那些抽象表现主义画家设想通过集中于绘画的物理行为而摆脱古典现代主义绘画所表现的严肃的思想。”，确定A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.”“针对摄影是一种没有灵魂的、对现实机械性复制的指责，摄影工作者声称摄影不是复制品，而是一种特殊的观察方式，是对平庸视觉的叛逆，和绘画一样有艺术价值。”可知19世纪摄影的支持者通过指出摄影是一种艺术并且和绘画一样有艺术价值来对摄影进行维护，所以D选项“摄影是一种艺术，可以和绘画相媲美”符合题意。

6.翻译题

Thereareatleasttwowaysoftalkingaboutcontemporarycosmopolitancultures.Thefirstistosuggestthatcosmopolitanculturesarethedepthlesscommercialpleasuresoftheincreasinglyplacelesscapitalistelite.Inthisview,cosmopolitancultureisalignedwithapostmodernculturethatinvolvesthevisualandsensualpleasuresofglobalcities.Hollywoodcinema,MadonnaCDsandAustralianwine.Thisbuildsuponaprejudiceofcertainaspectsofleftthinkingthatpresumesthatifonemovesoutsidetheboundariesofthenationitisto‘wallowinaprivilegedandirresponsibledetachment’.Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldtieafast-movingplacelesscultureintotheriseofanewmiddleandupperclassofcappuccinodrinkers.Herecosmopolitanismcanbecontrastedwiththemorelocalandnationalculturaldefinitionsthatareavailabletopoorandworkingpeople.Suchaviewsetsupasimplecontrastbetweencosmopolitansandlocals.Cosmopolitanism,onsuchaview,becomestheeverydaycurrencyofglobalcapitalism,whosemostobviouseffectisthereinforcementofsymbolicboundariesbetweensocialclasses.However,thesecondversionofcosmopolitanismhasamoreovertlyethicalvisionthanonemotivatedbythereproductionofclassprejudice.

Suchanotionofcosmopolitanismwouldnotpresumethattheglobe-trottingjournalistsareanymorecosmopolitanintheirorientationsthansomeonewhohasneverleftthecityoftheirbirth.Thisisbecausetoconceiveofcosmopolitanismethicallydetachesitfrommyabilitytoaccessexoticformsofconsumption,whileconnectingitfrommyabilitytolivewithdifferent.Whilecosmopolitanismcanindeedbeconnectedtoformsofculturalopenness,itismorecloselyconnectedtowhatJonathanRutherfordhascalled“theartoflife”thantomanicmobilityorhedonism.TheversionofcosmopolitanismIwishtodefendhasmoretodowithethicsandselfhoodthanexplicitconcernswithideology.

However,itdoesretainasociologicalpointofreferencethroughthemanynewclaimsandagendasthatarebeingopenedbyquestionsconnectedtothemobilityofcultures,multiculturalism,genderandsexuality.Yetthereareanumberofskepticsinthisregard.Forexample,Friedmanhasarguedthatintellectualsandeliteswhowishtotalkofhybridityandcosmopolitanismarelargelywritingfromthe‘particular’viewpointof‘de-territorialized’identities.

ThehybridityandculturalsophisticationofelitegroupsisinsharpdistinctiontotheprocessesofBalkanizationandtrivializationexperiencedatthebottomofthesystem.FriedmanmakesthesepointsagainstculturaltheoristslikeBhabha,whoseworkseekstoemphasizehowallformsofculturalandsymbolicproductionlacktheprimordialunityorfixityclaimedbyculturalnationalists.

Friedman’sviewisthatthisinsightislikelytobeoflittlehelpwhenfacedwithnationalistformsofculturalclosureandviolence.However,BhabhadoespointtoaconnectionbetweenquestionsofidentityandethicsmissedbyFriedman.WhatBhabhadescribesastheuncoveringofthe'contestationandflux’ofidentityhascontributedtothecosmopolitanproject.Manypost-colonialwritersinthisrespectpointtothepartialblindnessofnationalhabitsandtraditions,whichseeonlywhattheywanttosee.

Thediscursivesinofargumentsmadeinrespectofhybridityistopointtothewaycommonidentities(notjustelites)areforgedthroughtheunpredictableflowsofpeoplesandsymbols.

【答案】这种观点看来，世界文化和后现代文化是一致的，后现代文化包含了世界城市的视觉和感官享受。比如好莱坞电影，麦当娜的CD和澳大利亚葡萄酒。这是建立在左派思想的某些偏见之上的，它认为如果一个人离开了这个国家的边界，就会“沉溺于特权和不负责任的超然状态”。

从这个观点来看，世界主义成为全球资本主义潮流，其最明显的效果是加强了社会各个阶层之间的象征界限。

这样一种社会主义的概念并不会预测，周游世界的记者们比那些从未离开过自己出生的城市的人更加国际化。原因在于从道德上讲，世界主义与各种消费圈是分离的。与此同时，提升包容不同的思维的能力。但是，世界主义确实能够和各种文化开放的形式联系起来，它与乔纳森•卢瑟福所称的“生活艺术”联系更紧密，而不是躁动性或享乐主义。

然而，它通过许多新的主张和议程保留了社会学的参考点，这些主张和议程涉及了文化的流动性、多元文化主义、性别和性行为。

精英阶层的混杂性和文化多样性，与体制底层经历的分离化和庸俗化过程有着鲜明的区别。

弗里德曼的观点是，在面对民族主义者的文化封闭和暴力时，这种洞见可能不会带来什么帮助。

关于文化混杂性争论的杂乱无章的罪恶论，在于指出共同的身份(不只是精英阶层)的形成方式，是通过不可预测的民族和符号的流动而形成的。

7.单选题

V.Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms(suchasGlass-LewisandISS),whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors(suchasCALPERS).Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.Butthemarginwasuncomfortablysmall,withthesplitlargelyseparatingself-identified“longterm”investors(includingindexfundssuchasVanguard,BlackRockandStateStreet)from“shortterm”investors(whichincludedbothactivisthedgefundsandasizableportionofretailinvestors—estimatedtocontrolaroundthirtypercentoftheshares).

ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont,andtherhetoricalfisticuffsitprecipitated,helpsmotivatethispaper:Indeed,whileDuPontisacompellingcasestudyinitsownright,itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism—onethathasattractedanincreasinglyperferviddebatewithinthecorporatelawandfinancecommunityaroundcontemporaryactivism’smerits.ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.Moreover,evenasthenumberofproxychallengershasescalated,theyhaveenjoyedgreatersuccess:dissidentsnowgainsomemeasureofvictory(throughsettlementoroutrightvictory)inovertwo-thirdsofthechallengestheylaunch.

Theburgeoningsuccessofproxyfightsisarguablyreflectedinthecontemporaneousgrowthofactivisthedgefunds,whichhaveballoonedfromunder$100millioninassetsundermanagementin2000toover$140billiontoday.Whiletheactivismtrendisremarkable,thecacophonousdebatesurroundingitreallystealstheshow.Thecompetingpositionsarebynowwell-troddenterrain.Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue,leadingtobusinessdecisionsthatnotonlyforsakelongtermvalueforimmediategain,butdosoinamannerthatsacrificesnetpresentvalue.Andindeed,severalstudiesofhedge-fundengagementsfindthathedgefundactivismsignificantlycurbslong-terminvestmentsinresearchanddevelopment,durableassets,andworkforcecapital.

1.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsisclosestinmeaningwiththefollowingstatement.

2.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingbut___.

3.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat___.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsaysthat“activistsprivilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurableinvestmentsinlongtermvalue”.Theunderlinedword“privilege”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

问题1选项

A.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersaremasters.

B.VotingshareholdersofalltypesconcernaboutDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengers.

C.Socialmediaandpressreleasescurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.

D.TheDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersheldpressreleases.

问题2选项

A.DuPontwongreatvictory

B.significantinstitutionalinvestorssupportedDuPont

C.significantproxyadvisoryfirmssupportedTrian

D.theauthoristalkingaboutboardelection

问题3选项

A.thegovemanceatDuPonthascomeacrosssomeproblems

B.dissidentsgainovertwo-thirdsoftheseats

C.proxyfightssimilartoDuPont’sstarted15yearsago

D.shareholderactivismisgrowingandhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwith

问题4选项

A.grantedspecialright

B.fightfor

C.favor

D.keepsecret

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑战者们都成为了社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，以讨好所有有投票权的股东）可知选B选项“所有类型的投票股东都关注DuPont公司的现任股东和Trian公司的挑战者”；A选项“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑战者都是大师级人物”不符合原文的形容，原文是说社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，A选项太宽泛；C选项“社交媒体和新闻稿都在讨好各种有投票权的股东”，D选项“DuPont公司和Trian公司的挑战者举行了新闻发布会”未涉及。因此B选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段Whenthedustfinallysettled,theincumbentshadekedoutvictoriesonallfourchallengedseats.（当尘埃落定时，在任者已在所有四个面临挑战的席位上险胜），结合第一句话可知在任者是指DuPont的在任者，则DuPont是险胜而不是巨大的胜利，A选项“DuPont公司赢得了巨大的胜利”和原文不符；第一段Trianwasabletowinthepublicendorsementofsignificantproxyadvisoryfirms,whileDuPontsecuredsupportofsignificantinstitutionalinvestors.（Trian能够赢得重要代理咨询公司的公众认可，而DuPont则获得了重要机构投资者的支持）可知B选项“重要的机构投资者支持DuPont”，C选项“重要的代理咨询公司支持Trian”符合原文；由第一段第一句Duringthefirsthalf2015,boththeDuPontincumbentsandTrianchallengersbecameablemastersofsocialmedia,pressreleases,andlobbyingtacticstocurryfavoramongvotingshareholdersofallstripes.（在2015年上半年，DuPont的在任者和Trian的挑战者们都成为了社交媒体、新闻发布和游说策略的高手，以讨好所有有投票权的股东）可以推测出这是在指董事会的选举，D选项“作者正在谈论董事会选举”符合原文。因此A选项正确。

3.主旨大意题。根据题干定位到第二段itisalsoemblematicofagrowingrecenttrendofshareholderactivism…ThereislittledoubtthatactivismhasbecomeaforcetobereckonedwithamongU.S.issuers.（这也象征着最近股东维权主义的发展趋势……毫无疑问，维权主义已成为美国发行人不可忽视的一股力量）可知选D选项“股东维权主义正在增长，并已成为一股不可忽视的力量”，第二段主要描述的就是股东维权主义的内容，原文提到ThegovernancekerfuffleatDuPont（DuPon的管治混乱）的例子是为了提供相应的论据来支持作者该观点，则A选项“DuPon公司的管理遇到了一些问题”并不是第二段告诉我们的主要内容；B选项“持不同政见者获得超过三分之二的席位”在文中未提及；第二段ThelastfifteenyearsbearwitnesstoadiscernibleescalationofproxyfightssimilartoDuPont’s.（过去十五年来，类似DuPon的代理权纠纷明显升级）根据这句话无法推测出C选项“与DuPon公司类似的代理权之争始于15年前”，排除。因此D选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据题干定位到原文划分单词句子Activists,itisalleged,privilegeshorttermearningsovermoredurable(butlessliquid)investmentsinlongtermvalue…（据称，在长期价值方面，激进分子优先考虑的是短期收益，而不是更持久（但流动性更差）的投资……），privilege在本句中是谓语，表示“给……特权；优先……”，选A选项“给予特殊的权利”；B选项“争取”，C选项“较喜欢；偏袒；有利于；（非正式）长得像；悉心照料”，D选项“保密”不符合原文的含义，排除。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

问题1选项

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

问题2选项

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

问题3选项

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

问题4选项

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

问题5选项

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲学者们在美国社会中不同种族和民族的融合问题上存在分歧。所以选项C最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”许多学者认为，美国犹太人不愿意融入美国社会，主要是由于几个世纪以来欧洲国家的迫害，其中一些国家幸存下来，与欧洲的基督徒一起来到了美国。由此可以推断，欧洲后代中最有可能歧视美国犹太人的是基督教徒，所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“saladbowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“variousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.”不同的群体虽然在同一社会中工作和生活，但仍然彼此独立。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Jewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericanculture...”可知选项C符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.”选项D符合原文。

9.单选题

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

问题1选项

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

问题2选项

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

问题3选项

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

问题4选项

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

问题5选项

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】26.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我们人类应该每天睡两次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在这个世界的一部分地方，我们倾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（对于那些认真收听女王演讲的人，霍姆医生建议进行适当的运动，在脸上喷点凉风或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否则，就打个盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英国人实在没有办法克服睡意后，才会进行的事情。因此A选项“喜欢午饭后小睡一会儿”不符合题意，可排除。同理可排除D选项“喜欢一天睡两次”，B选项“午饭后不会小睡”符合题意，正确。C选项“午饭后不会觉得困”，原文中说到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一种原始程序的残余物，与使灌木丛里的所有动物会在炎热的午后阳光下休息来保存能量是一样的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C选项是错误的。故选B。

27.客观事实题。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一种原始程序的残余物，与使灌木丛里的所有动物会在炎热的午后阳光下休息来保存能量是一样的道理。）由此可知会在炎热午后阳光下休息的是灌木丛里的所有动物。因此A选项“所有在灌木丛里的动物”，符合题意，正确。B选项“同一种原始程序的残余”这是对灌木丛里所有动物会在午后阳光下休息的解释。C选项“同样的原始程序”，D选项“世界上所有的动物”。B，C，D选项均不符合题意，故选A。

28.推理判断题。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精与睡眠的昼夜节律相互作用，导致下午犯困，以至于午餐时间的一品脱的量相当于晚上的一夸脱的量。）可以推论出午后饮酒会让人更加容易犯困。A选项“午餐后酒精效果不强”，表述错误。B选项“午餐时间喝一品脱啤酒相当于晚上喝一夸脱啤酒，这会导致下午犯困”符合题意，正确。C选项“人们在午餐时间更警觉”与题意无关，可排除。D选项“在午餐时间饮酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.（出于这个原因，大多数司机在午餐时间根本不应该喝酒，并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全驾驶的指南。）午餐后喝酒并不违法，只是超过合法的血液酒精含量行驶会不安全，干扰项可排除。故选B。

29.客观细节题。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”（但这应该不到15分钟。否则，睡意真的就到来了，当你醒来时会感到非常昏昏欲睡，比你刚开始更困。）由此可以推出当一个人午休时长超过15