考研考博-英语-大连装备制造职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连装备制造职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMG),andRobMeakin,apersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomee-literate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesand,insomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“Aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemsthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain,ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrog(互相超越)theWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.

【答案】华威制造集团（WarwickManufacturingGroup，WMG）创始人兼负责人库马尔•巴特（KumarBhatt）教授与马可尼公司（Marconi）人事主管罗布•米金（RobMeakin）建立了合作关系，培养工程师和管理人员掌握电子技术。新知识伙伴关系将包括一个由40名马可尼经理组成的团队，巴特教授称之为电子工程管理或E2。许多工程和非工程公司都对这些令人兴奋的项目表示了兴趣。

巴特教授认为，电子商务在很大程度上改变了商业环境。许多首席执行官不了解新技术的力量，在某些情况下，他们实际上是在抵制变革。他说：“只要有足够多的行业领袖认识到电子商务的潜在好处，电子商务将使英国有可能发生第二次生产力革命。”这可能会使日本经济接近于消除与主要竞争对手之间仍然巨大的竞争力差距。在过去的五年中，由于信息技术的发展，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以实现更多，成功的电子商务将对英国经济产生数十亿美元的价值。”英国已经比其他欧洲国家更多地使用计算机辅助设计和制造（CAD/CAM）和管理信息技术系统，而且英国政府积极推动电子商务。但据巴特教授观察，英国从未将科技作为增长动力。“关于电子工程管理，你可以保留你的遗留系统；你只需要用一个信息引擎把这些系统连接起来。只要按下一个按钮，项目经理就可以看到项目的状态，精确地识别问题，并根据比过去更完整的信息做出几乎立即的决定。”E2项目是华威制造集团（WarwickManufacturingGroup）与美国领先的电子商务研究中心卡内基梅隆大学（CarnegieMellon）结盟的结果。后者将负责培训马可尼在美国的许多经理，该集团在美国有一半的业务。在英国，巴特教授与太阳微系统公司、甲骨文公司和参数技术公司合作，在大学建立了一个价值数百万英镑的E2设计和制造中心，用于培训和研究。

巴特教授认为，电子商务正在改变商业，以至于WMG很可能更名为华威电子制造集团。但他警告称：“电子商务带来的全球化步伐正在加快。虽然网络允许英国工业取代它们的欧洲同行,它还提供了亚洲国家超越。这是第一次不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的。

2.单选题

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项incidentn.事件，事变，插曲；B选项accidentn.事故，意外；C选项thingn.事情，东西，情况；D选项mattern.物质，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尴尬的事让他们非常失望，这为英国人的好客树立了一个不好的典范。因此，正确答案为A项。

3.单选题

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

问题1选项

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

问题2选项

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

问题3选项

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

问题4选项

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科学家首次观测到一个黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星，并在吞噬恒星时撕裂了等离子体的“饱嗝”——这是一个极其罕见的发现。），这里的“饱嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后发出了辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬了一颗恒星并发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞会消耗大量的物质”，B选项“黑洞喷出热物质”，D选项“一个黑洞与另一个黑洞相互影响”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

14.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自从俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员在2014年12月注意到一颗与太阳差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，约翰霍普金斯大学的SjoertvanVelzen教授领导的科学家团队就把目光锁定在了这个距离地球约3亿光年的饥饿黑洞上。在几个月的时间里，vanVelzen的团队看着黑洞从这颗注定要毁灭的恒星中吸取物质，直到它被完全吞噬。），说明自从2014年12月以来，vanVelzen教授及其团队观察并跟踪了黑洞吞噬恒星的过程。因此D选项“恒星被吞噬的过程”正确。A选项“一个黑洞吞噬了一颗比太阳还大的恒星”，由原文可知，这颗恒星与太阳差不多大，所以A错误。B选项“距离地球3亿年的黑洞”，由原文可知这个黑洞距离地球约3亿光年，所以B错误。C选项“观察了好几年黑洞的发展”，由原文可知，他们观察的时间是几个月，所以C错误。

15.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假设，如果一个巨大的物体，比如一颗恒星，被拖进黑洞，也会发生类似的辐射。然而，科学家们从未能够观察到这样的事件。），说明在这次观测之前，科学家们并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星时也会产生辐射。因此C选项“黑洞吞噬恒星时会发出辐射”正确。A选项“黑洞可以发出伽马射线辐射”，B选项“黑洞能发出X射线辐射”，D选项“黑洞在自身周围有突然的活动峰值”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一颗恒星被黑洞毁灭的过程是非常复杂的，而且远未被理解，”vanVelzen说。“从我们的观察中，我们了解到，恒星碎片流可以组织起来，并相当迅速地形成喷射流，这对构建这些事件的完整理论非常有价值。”），说明vanVelzen教授认为关于这些事件的理论还处于初级阶段。因此D选项“萌芽阶段”正确。A选项“复杂”，B选项“创新”，C选项“成熟”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

4.单选题

Hewasthekingoffarceandthemostinfluentialneoclassicalplaywright.Hischaracterswereusedto（）realpeople,andhewasinterestedinshowingtherealityofhumanweaknessasmuchaspossible.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.ridicule

C.amuse

D.imitate

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。depict“描述”；ridicule“嘲笑”；amuse“娱乐”；imitate“模仿”。句意：他是喜剧之王，也是最具影响力的新古典主义剧作家。他的剧中人物都用来描述真正的人物，并且他对尽可能展现人性的弱点充满兴趣。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

问题2选项

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

问题3选项

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

问题4选项

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

问题5选项

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

问题6选项

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

问题7选项

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据原文,这里是用来形容梨“sleepy”,首先排除选项A和D。根据下文的描述,这是食物变质的两个例子,所以“sleepy”指的是梨子变坏,选项C正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,选项A表述错误,食物变质是内部的化学变化而不是外部；选项B是原文内容,不同推导出来,所以不正确；选项C在文中没有提及；选D食物外面的微生物是食物变质的原因,与原文相符,所以正确。

3.根据第三段“Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.”它们把糖变成酒精,酒精又变成酸,从而导致食物变酸。霉菌就容易在潮湿的食物上生长。所以选项B正确。根据第四段第一句“Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.”可知选项C错误。

4.结合全文内容,本文首先提出食物变质并分析原因,最后有提及关于食物保存的方法,所以选项D最能概括全文主旨。

5.根据原文句意：某些细菌会产生毒素,导致食物中毒。最糟糕的是,即使在没有明显腐烂迹象的地方,它们也可能存在。由此可知,“they”指代的是细菌产生的毒素,即使是没有明显腐烂迹象的地方也是存在的。所以选项B正确。

6.根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.”可知,选项D与原文表述一致。

7.根据最后一段的内容可知,选项A,B,C均有提及,只有选项D没有提及,所以本题选D。

6.翻译题

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.两千余年来，丝绸之路作为中西交通的大动脉承载着中国与世界的交往、对话，彰显着古代中国开放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“丝绸之路”一词早已超越其历史含义，成为一种精神象征，为当今世界的和平与发展提供了价值典范。

2.谈到美国文学时，不能断言它与欧洲文学截然不同。广义上说，美国和欧洲齐头并进。在任何时间，旅行者都会在两地发现同样风格的建筑、相同式样的服装，书店出售相同的书籍。思想如同人和商品一样会自由自在地跨越大西洋，尽管有时速度慢些。

3.当人类逐渐了解自然，开始向自然索取并慢慢发展到企图征服自然，并愈演愈烈时，自然的和谐与平衡便遭到毁坏。荒漠化的地区出现了，灾难性的洪水来临了，连空气和水质也常受到污染，人类赖以生存的环境基础受到了破坏。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Therehavebeendesertifiedzoneandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwereoftenpolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonforalivingwasdeteriorated.

8.单选题

In1938PearlS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwoman（）theNobelPrizeforLiterature.

问题1选项

A.receiving

B.received

C.whoreceives

D.toreceive

【答案】D

【解析】考查后置定语。句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。现在分词作定语，应该与被修饰词woman有主谓关系，表示正在进行，时态不符，排除A；过去分词作定语表示被动，woman与receive应该是主动关系，排除B；定语从句修饰woman应该是过去式，排除C。名词词组thefirst+n.的后置定语必须使用不定式，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Sheisavery________womantoshoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice.

问题1选项

A.vague

B.vogue

C.versatile

D.vulgar

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vague模糊的，含糊的B.vogue流行，时尚n.

C.versatile多才多艺的，多功能的D.vulgar庸俗的，粗俗的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处作定语修饰下文的“woman（女人）”，表示她是一个什么样的女人。由“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高声喊叫）”可知，这是对该女人的描述，大喊大叫的人通常是粗俗、不雅的。vulgar指没有好的品味或不礼貌的，因此D选项vulgar“庸俗的，粗俗的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项vague“模糊的，含糊的”指没有关于某事物足够的信息或细节，一般不用来形容人，不能和“woman（女人）”进行搭配；

B选项vogue“流行，时尚”是一个名词，指在特定的时间和地点流行的东西，不能用来作定语修饰“woman（女人）”；

C选项versatile“多才多艺的，多功能的”指某人能做很多不同的事情或某物有许多不同的用途，不能和“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高声喊叫）”相对应。

【句意】她是一个非常粗俗的女人，竟那样高声喊叫。

10.单选题

Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.

问题1选项

A.specimens

B.timbers

C.serpents

D.trunks

【答案】A

【解析】specimens样品,标本；timber木材；serpent大蛇,毒蛇；trunk树干。句意:他收集各种岩石和矿物的标本。选项A符合句意。

11.翻译题

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。

稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。

由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”

因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。

如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。

12.单选题

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

问题1选项

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项chair“椅子；讲座；主席位；大学教授的职位”；B选项pole“杆；极点；电极”；C选项soap“肥皂；将肥皂涂在……上；对……拍马屁”；D选项floor“地板，地面；楼层；基底；议员席”。poleposition指的是方程式赛车中的“竿位”，即决赛中排在第一位出发的选手。“竿位”由决赛前排位赛中成绩最好的车手获得。此外，poleposition还可表示“跑道内圈；有利位置”。句意：这家德国公司在激素研究方面保持着有利地位。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Onestrategyissimplytopersuadepeopletostaylonger,whichprovidesmoretimeforemployerstospotand（

）thebestperformers.

问题1选项

A.extinguish

B.siege

C.seduce

D.estimate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。extinguish“熄灭；偿清”；siege“围攻”；seduce“引诱”；estimate“估计；评价”。句意：一个简单的策略是尽量挽留员工待久点，为雇主提供更长的时间来发掘和评估最优秀的员工。由moretimeforemployerstospot可知D项正确。

14.单选题

Hedoesnothingthatviolatestheinterestsofthecollective.

问题1选项

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍”，A选项runfor“竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请”；B选项“runagainst撞上；偶遇；违反”；C选项“runover辗过；匆匆看；复查”；D选项“runinto遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇见”。句意：他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“theinterestsofthecollective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”，因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day’sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.

Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoininghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.

Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile’stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyearThestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintradefairs,andinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.

Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.

ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour’sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion’srivers.

However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.

AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile’stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile’sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.

Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeac