Unit5Thevalueofmoney单元语法精讲练（解析版）

1、【新教材】2020学年高一英语新教材必修第三册同步练习材料(人教版)Unit5 the value of money情态动词和过去将来时情W动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。初中阶段大家已经学习了一些情态动 词，这里将对情态动词的特征、功能和用法进行总结。L情态动词的基本特征(1)在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might 等几个过去式，其他情态动词如must、ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。(2)在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如can可以表达“能力；可能；许可” 等。在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，需后接动

2、词原形，构成谓语动词。2 .情态动词的否认式及缩略形式3 .情态动词的主要表意功能情态动词否认式缩略形式情态动词否认式缩略形式cancannot/can notcantshallshall notshantcouldcould notcouldntsouldshould notshouldntmaymay not/willwill notwontmightmight notmightntwouldwould notwouldntmustmust notmustntneedneed notneedn*tdaredare notdarentought toought not tooughtnt t

3、o用法例句表不能力The little boy can read and write.I could feel the ground shaking.表示可能和推 测Those of you who are familiar with the game will know this.They made a bet which would settle their argument.Oh, you must be Sylvias husband.It may seem lucky to you but not to me.That might not be true.There ought to

4、 be enough space for all of us.表不许可或禁 止You can go off duty now.You cant open it until two oclock.You may not smoke here.You shouldnt take her help for granted.You mustnt do that.表示发出指示 或提出请求Will you please take her to the library?Could you offer me work here?Can I ask a question?May we ask what your

5、e doing in this country?表示提出帮助 或发出邀请Will you stay for lunch?Wouldnt you like to come with me?May I help you?Shall I put it in a box?表示提出建议You could ask the teacher for help.You should write him a letter.The cookies Susan made are delicious, you ought to try some.表示愿望Would you recommend the play to o

6、ther people?I would like to know the date.I d love to go to your birthday party.Id rather not pay you now.表示义务和需要You must come at once.We have to wear uniforms at school.I ought to be on my way.4 .情态动词难点透视英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。下面结合同学 们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。(1)can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际

7、发生的可 能性或真实性。如：Accidents can happen.Anybody can make mistakes.如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may, could或might等。We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year.Will you answer the telephone? It could/may/might be your mother.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答下列问题时我们不能用could,因为 语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：一Could I use your te

8、lephone?一Yes, please go ahead.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was/were able to而不能用couldo如:It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside.The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test.（2闻闷与110都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：We must work hard, or we

9、ll fail in the examination.Years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money.must表示主观看法，have to那么侧重于客观需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everything.In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks.（3）must表示推测时，其反意疑问句有好几种形式。“must+动词原形”对目前的情 况进行推测时以及用must+be+s-ing形式对目前正在发生的情

10、况进行推测时，疑问短语 局部要与must之后的动词相一致。如：The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isnt he?“must+have +过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过 去的时间状语,疑问局部用助动词didnt；否那么，疑问局部用havent或hasnt。如：The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didnt they?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasnt he?（4）s

11、hall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的 命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?（征求意见）You shall go to the front at once.（命令）Dont worry.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.（允诺）He shall be sorry one day.I tell you.（警告）Nothing shall stop us from fighting a

12、gainst pollution.（决心）（5）在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用win（这时的will不是情态动词，而是 助动词，帮助构成将来时）。如：If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.（误）If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.（IE）当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice o

13、n how to learn English.If you will come this way, the manager will meet you.（6）should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：The American friends should be here now.should/ought to + have+过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表 示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：You should have told her about it the day before yesterday.Its wonderful that you should

14、 have achieved so much in these years.“情态动词+have +过去分词”是很重要的一种句型,除should外，may, might, must, couldnt, neednt, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句 子的意思就有所不同。(7)ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的 主观看法，ought to那么更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：We should/ought to help each other and learn from each

15、other in our work.She is your mother, so you ought to support her.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will.(8)need用作情态动词，仅用于否认句和疑问句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用 must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如：We need report the matter to the boss immediately.(误)We must report the matter to

16、the boss immediately.(正)We need to report the matter to the boss immediately.(IE)(9)dare与need的用法dare作为情态动词，主要用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词用时，仅用于否认句或疑问句、条件从

17、句中。意为“有必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。You neednt come so early.一Need I finish the work today?一Yes, you must./No, you needn*t.If you need go there, please let me know.dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，在肯定句 中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否认和疑问句中，dare后可接带to或不带to的不定 式。a. I dare to swim across the ri

18、ver.b He doesnt dare(to)answer.We need time and money.The dining room needs/wants/requires cleaning every day.= The dining room needs/wants/requires to be cleaned every day.Does he need to take the medicine three times a day?(10)需要注意的几点：表示猜想，can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。这时can可以表示客观 的可能性，并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生；要表

19、示某事发生的可能性时需要用could, may, mightoChildren can often get ill suddenly.Certain things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children.上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。may和might表可能性的推测时都不用于疑问句中。如：Can/Could it be cloudy tomorrow ?(正)May/Might it be cloudy tomorrow ?(误)must表肯定推测时的否认式是ca

20、nt/couldnt,不是neednt或mustnt。(4)should/ought to+动词原形：想必现在/将来会The dinner should/ought to be readynow.He should/ought to ring up this afternoon.will +动词原形：将来一定/准会Try your best, and your wish will come true.完成句子.我们必须努力学习，否那么就不会通过考试。We, or we*ll fail in the examination.这个女孩非常用功，所以她通过了最终的考试。The girl worked

21、 hard so she the final examination.你怎么能捉弄我呢？How me?.我们今天必须把这些玩具分类完毕吗？不，你们不必。一Must we sort these toys today?No, .我们应当尊重我们的老师和父母。We.【答案】must work hardwas able to passcan you play a trick onyou neednt/dont have to.should respect our teachers and parents过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主 句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day, soon 等 o.过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动 作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.She said that she wouldnt do that again.表示过去将来时的其他表达