高考英语名词性从句讲解

1、英语名词性从句英语名词性从句Noun Clause起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。请思考请思考定语从句定语从句的定义：的定义：起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。名词性从句名词性从句定义定义名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job

2、 is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位同位语语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.连接副词（连接副词（4个）：个）：when、 why、where、 how引导词引导词从属连词（从属连词（3个）

3、：个）：that 、if、 whether连接代词连接代词 （9个）：个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语itit代替，而本代替，而本身放在句子末尾。身放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It i

4、s a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether

5、 (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容

6、词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. 表语从句在复合句中作表语的

7、名词性从句，放在系表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。等。另外，常用的还有另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等等结构。例如：结构。例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the support o

8、f the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythat1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner wou

9、ld be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 同位语从句同位语从句常用名词有常用名词有beli

10、ef, chance,doubt,fact, hope, idea, information，news, opinion, possibility,question, result, suggestion, thought,truth,wish等等。等等。常用连词：常用连词：that /when/ where/ why 和和how等等。等等。e.g. 消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。 Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army. 问题是他是如何做这件事的。问题是他是如何做这件事的

11、。 Its the question how he did it.连接副词（连接副词（4个）：个）：when、 why、where、 how引导词引导词从属连词（从属连词（3个）：个）：that 、if、 whether连接代词连接代词 （9个）：个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、名词性从句引导词的用法（名词性从句引导词的用法（1）：）：从句中的每一个引导词都有从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能个功能，分别如下，分别如下:从属连词从属连词“that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义

12、、不作成份、起连接作用“if”- “是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用“whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作、不作成份、起连接作用用1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain .2、The fact is that Beijing will hold 29th Olympic Games this year.3、I know that well begun is half done . 4、He heard the news that Liuxiang set a new world r

13、ecord . “that”-无词义、不作成份、起连接作用无词义、不作成份、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）1、My idea is that we should do it right now.2、She wont believe that he has become a thief.3、That he is a famous singer is known to us.4、I knew the news that our team won the match. 5、His suggestion is that w

14、e should finish the work at once.说出从句部分及类别并翻译：说出从句部分及类别并翻译：同位语从句同位语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、The problem is whether you could give us some valuable advice . 3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor .4、Could you tell me the quest

15、ion whether English is useful for us now. “whether”-“是否是否”、不作成份、起连接作用、不作成份、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）If 只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首只能引导两种名词性从句：宾语从句、不放于句首的主语从句。的主语从句。Whether四种从句均可以引导。四种从句均可以引导。If与与whether的区别：的区别：1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather . 2、I ask

16、ed him whether he could do me a favor .请思考：请思考：1、It depends on weather if she will come back on time . 2、I asked him if he could do me a favor .1、If不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而whether可可以。以。2、引导表语从句用、引导表语从句用whether，不用，不用if。3、引导同位语从句用、引导同位语从句用whether，不用，不用if。4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if

17、 。5、whether or not 连在一起可以，但连在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”If与与whether的区别：的区别：1、I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is w

18、ell.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether请用请用if / whether填空：填空：whether连接代词连接代词 （9个）：个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、“who”-“谁谁”、作主语、起连接作用

19、、作主语、起连接作用1、Who will go to the college is still uncertain . 2、The trouble is who could lend me some money .3、He want to know who picked up his mobile phone .（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whom you will learn from is worth thinking over . 2、The thing I am anxious about is whom he will turn to

20、for help .3、His mother asked him whom he could believe in .“whom”-“谁谁”、作宾语、起连接作、作宾语、起连接作用用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、What I desire to get is a good reputation . 2、What he will tell me is what I have been expecting to know .3、They agree with what I said just now . “what”-“事情事情”、作主表宾语、起连接作用

21、、作主表宾语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Which class is suitable for us isnt most important . 2、What he wants to ask you now is which team won the game . 3、Could you tell me which one is right . “which”-“哪哪-”、作定语、起连接作用、作定语、起连接作用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whose bag was the most be

22、autiful is still unknown now . 2、The question is whose friends could lend me a hand .3、I want to know whose suggestion is more practical . “whose”-“谁的谁的”、作定语、起连接作、作定语、起连接作用用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“whoever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作主语、起连接作用、作主语、起连接作用1、Whoever could solve the problem will be rewarde

23、d . 2、The person I will praise is whoever could work out the question .3、You should appreciate whoever helped you in the past . （主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“whomever”- “-的任何人的任何人”、作宾语、起连接作用、作宾语、起连接作用1、Whomever you will meet in the meeting is excellent . 2、The person I could depend on is whom

24、ever you believe in . 3、You should learn from whomever I praised yesterday . （主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Whatever you did in the past was very meaningful . 2、What we should do is whatever is worth doing .3、We should do whatever is worth doing . “whatever”- “-的任何东西的任何东西”、作主表宾语、作主表宾语、（主语从句）（

25、主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“whichever”- “-的哪些或哪个的哪些或哪个”、作主、表、宾语、作主、表、宾语、1、Whichever team win the game is possible . 2、The fact is whichever teacher could help you learn English well . 3、You could choose whichever book you want . （主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）连接副词连接副词“why”- “为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作用

26、、作状语、起连接作用“how”- “如何如何”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“when”- “什么时候什么时候”、作状语、起连接作用、作状语、起连接作用“when”- “什么时候什么时候”、作状语、起连接作、作状语、起连接作用用1、When the meeting will begin isnt decided now . 2、The trouble is when he could recover from the disease .3、He asked us when we would graduate

27、 from the school .（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）“where”- “什么地方什么地方”、作状语、起连接作、作状语、起连接作用用1、Where I could buy the book is uncertain now .2、His question was where we would hold the opening ceremony .3、I couldnt tell you where they have been living .（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、Why he kill

28、ed himself is still a secret now .2、What surprised me was why they failed again . 3、I just want to ask you why I was fired . “why”- “为什么为什么”、作状语、起连接作、作状语、起连接作用用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）1、How the thief stole the bike is still a mystery .2、What the professor asked us was how we could make o

29、ur parents happy . 3、I will go to ask my teacher how I could work out the problem .“how”- “如何如何”、作状语、起连接作、作状语、起连接作用用（主语从句）（主语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句） It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt inter

30、est me whether you succeed or not. It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚It said/ reported/hoped that.据说据说/据报道据报道/人们希望人们希望Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、碰巧显然、明显、碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句

31、中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则则不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat考点考点2. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别用用that / what填填空：空：1._ he wants

32、is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat陈述语序：主

33、语在前，谓语在后陈述语序：主语在前，谓语在后You are a student.-陈述句陈述句I wonder if/whether you are a student. -宾语从句宾语从句Do you know what he is doing?-宾语从句宾语从句考点考点3.名词性从句必须用名词性从句必须用陈述句语序陈述句语序。考点考点4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，是连词

34、，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（

35、第一个（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分在句中不作任何成分）同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的只起连接的作用作用,不充当句子成分不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词) 充当一定的充当一定的句子成分句子成分(主，宾，表）主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关

36、系，表示这词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示作用，表示“的的”。同位语从句的同位语从句的that 一般一般不能省不能省而定语从句中的关系代词而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略语时，常常可以省略1、If不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而whether可可以。以。2、引导表语从句用、引导表语从句用whether，不用，不用if。3、引导同位语从句用、引导同位语从句用whether，不用，不用if。4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用可以引导从句作介

37、词的宾语，不用if 。5、whether or not 连在一起可以，但连在一起可以，但if不可以。而不可以。而“whether-or not = if -or not”考点考点5 5.If.If与与whetherwhether的区别：的区别：1. _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B. Whether C .That D. Where 3.

38、_ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to名词性从句练习名词性从句练习50题：题：4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy .A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit

39、 _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. That C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have7. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A. What / because B . What / that C .That / what D. That / beca

40、use8._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A .What / why B .That / what C .What / because D. Why / that 9. He is absent from school . It is _ he was punished! A. why B. because C. that D. the reason10. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth p

41、raising . A. Who B. The one C . Anyone D. Whoever 11. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A .that B. how C. where D. what 12. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether

42、D. It, which 13. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where 14. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel ex

43、cited 15._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A. What B. That C. This D. Which 16. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A. what B. which C. when D. that 1

44、7. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A. continues B. continue C. continued D. had continued 18.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever19. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .A.why B. what C. who

45、D. that (05)20.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever21.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. A. and he B. was that he C . which he D . that he 22._ man must fear when traveling in space is radi

46、ation from the sun.A. Which B. How C. What D. That 23.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 24. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put25.The

47、reason that he has been succeeding _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what26. _ breaks the law should be punished. A. Whoever B. No matter who C. anyone. D. who 27. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. reason why C. how D. what28. Do _ you think is

48、right _ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever29.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which 30. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this comin

49、g Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether31. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how32. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that33. I dont think the question of _ they are old or youn

50、g is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why34. It makes no difference _ you will go today or tomorrow.A. if B. whether C. that D. what 35. _ should be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should36. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 37. _ he said at the meeting a