MBA英语真题及答案解析

1、2011年MB砍语真题及答案解析（word版）SectionI?UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas?1?ac

2、rosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved?2?bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scybzar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta?4?tomaketheWebasaferplace-aavoluntarytrustedidentity"systemthatwouldbethetech?520faphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allroll

3、ed?6?one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential?7?toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto?8?afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould?9?whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethose

4、systems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicen0?thegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on"systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto?11?justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden"ncyberspace

5、,withsafeaneighborhoods"andbrightastreetlights"toestablishasense(?13?community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasaavoluntaryecosystem"inwhichaindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith?14?,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure?15?whichthetransactio

6、nruns".Still,theadministration'splanhas?privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould?17?beacompulsoryInternet“drive'slicensetality.menTheplanhasalsobeengreetedwith?18?bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworryt

7、hattheavoluntaryecosystem"envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet?192TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe?20?toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1. .A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2. A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3. A.careless

8、B.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4. A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal?5A.information.B.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent?6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7. A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8. A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9. A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10. A.relcased11. . A.carry o

9、n12. A.In vain13. . A.trusted14. A.cautionB.issuedB.linger onB.In effectB.modernizedB.delightC.distributedC.set inC.In returnc.thrivingC.confidenceD.deliveredD.log inD.In contrastD.competingD.patience15. A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16. A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17 . A.frequestly18 . A

10、.skepticismB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventuallyB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19. A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20. A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced完形填空参考答案15ACBDD?610BACCB?1115DBACA?1620ADACDSectionII?ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answ

11、erthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text?1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbythe

12、endof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldmancompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm&#

13、39;sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabase

14、hatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthoseasurprise"disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountt

15、hatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubs

16、equentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup."Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforeba

17、dnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.21. AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascrit

18、icizedfor?.AgainingexcessiveprofitsBfailingtofulfillherduty©refusingtomakecompromisesDleavingtheboardintoughtimes22. WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe?.AgenerousinvestorsBunbiasedexecutivesCsharepriceforecasters.x'l1*/CJDindependentadvisers23. Accordingtotheresearcher

19、sfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto?.AbecomemorestableBreportincreasedearningsCdolesswellinthestockmarketDperformworseinlawsuits24. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors?.AmaystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmBhaveoftenhadrecordsofw

20、rongdoingsinthefirmCareaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmDwilldeclineincentivesfromthefirm25. Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis?.ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcriticalTEXT1?参考答案26. .A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的howcould?直接提到了bonuspayouts就是说profits。27. .C。细节题：原文中出现outsidedirectors有几处，he

21、lpfulbutlessbiasedadvisor,但是B选项用的是executive,拼凑答案，D选项也是样。最后句weatheredtheirowncrises对应forecasters。28. .C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stockislikelytoperformworse对应答案，迷惑选项是B,但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。精心整理29. A。推理题：原文对应firmswhowantto.说想留住outsidedirector就是增加incentive。30. B。态度题：文章各个段落都说outsidedirector的方面。因此是positi

22、ve。Text?2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenew

23、spapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindust

24、ry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerpro

25、ducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.I.产"|Jr-£Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelong

26、beenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofth

27、edamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.31. BysayingaNewspapersliketheirowndo

28、om”(Lines43Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper?.AneglectedthesignofcrisisBfailedtogetstatesubsidiesCwerenotcharitablecorporationsDwereinadesperatesituation32. Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause?.AreadersthreatenedtopaylessBnewspaperswantedtoreducecosts©journalistsr

29、eportedlittleabouttheseareasDsubscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts33. ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey?.Ahavemoresourcesofrevenue精心整理BhavemorebalancednewsroomsCarelessdependentonadvertisingDarelessaffectedbyreadership34. Whatcanbeinferredfromth

30、elastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?ADistinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.BCompletenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.CForeignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.DReadershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.35. Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe?.AAmeric

31、anNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvivalBAmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind©AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusinessDAmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStoryTEXT2参考答案36. .Do定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American.savenewspaper中出现了save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才save,因此选D。,一37. .B.推理题：定位处前句是readersarepayingmoreforslimmernewspaper.因止匕说明人们多

32、付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本问题。38. C。推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源。39. D。推理题：A选项中有essential,文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，有问题，D选项是文章中carsandfilmreviewershavegone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。40. Ao主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。Text?3WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofpro

33、sperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwith

34、thepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore"wactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigr

35、atedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies'ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderive

36、fromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies'ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.Theapartmentsintheeleganttowers

37、MiesbuiltonChicago'sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity'sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings'detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequiv

38、alentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward"less"wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The“CaseStudyHouses"commissio

39、nedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughm

40、osteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.41. ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans'?.AprosperityandgrowthBefficiencyandpracticalityCrestraintandconfidence.y"i1JDprideandfaithfulness42. Whichofthefollowing

41、canbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?AItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.BItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.CMostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.DIthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.43. Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign?.AwasrelatedtolargespaceBwasidentifiedwi

42、themptinessCwasnotreliantonabundantdecorationDwasnotassociatedwithefficiency44. WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago'sLakeShoreDrive?ATheyignoreddetailsandproportions.BTheywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.CTheyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.DTheysharedsomecharacterist

43、icsofabstractart.45. Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?AMechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.BNaturalscenesweretakenintoconsiderationCDetailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.DEco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.TEXT3参考答案46. .C。细节题：原文restraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidence对应。精心整理47.

44、 Do推理题：定位是Bauhaus,对应选项与原文，只有D对。48. C。名田节题：原文elegancedidnotderivefromabundance。49. D。细节题：原文But后有thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractart。50. .B。推理题：原文Aestheticeffectcameformthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailingText?4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.N

45、oweventheproject'sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle"ofdebt,populationdecline<lowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone'seconomies,weakerorstrong

46、er,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope'ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone'sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizat

47、ionwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry

48、9;svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern“campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdif

49、ferent:"Europeaneconomicgovernment"withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFra

50、ncegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld'slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpo

51、orcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.51. TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat?.A ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarketsB evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcernedC so

52、meofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuroD itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation52. ThedebateovertheEU'ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers?.A arecompetingfortheleadingpositionB arebusyhandlingtheirowncrises精心整理C failtoreachanagreementonharmonizationD disagreeonthestepstowardsdisint

53、egration53. Tosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat?.A EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreasedB stricterregulationsbeimposedC onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordinationD votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed54. TheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat_?_.A poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfun

54、dsB strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountriesC loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountriesD richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds55. RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel_?_.A pessimisticB desperateC conceitedrl"/CJD hopefulTEXT4?参考答案36 .B。推理题：第一段But后说cheerleader觉得EU有debt,de

55、cline和lowergrowth。37 .Do推理题：三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一致但如何和谐有分歧。38 .B。细节题：原文对应bystricterruleson&.39 .Ao推理题：原文对应asystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobonds.40 .Do态度题：文章最后总结认为EU是world'slargesttradingblock.最后一句itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesha

56、rpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign都是说EU正面的信息。PartBDirections:XReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Leadi

57、ngdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment'sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose"fattaxes"onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarette-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary,AndrewLansley,whoinsiste

58、dthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreebusinessesfrompublichealthregulations.Butseniormedicalfigureswanttoshopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschoolsIrestrictadvertisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproductssuchasMcDonald's.TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain'saddictiontounhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity二，diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceS