被动语态 (6)

1、Welcome ToClass Three! 被动语态被动语态 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态（The Active Voice）表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态（The Passive Voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。 基本构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) 被动语态用法： 1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。 2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 3）如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。 一般现在时被动语态：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词(+

2、by+执行者) English is taught in our school. The letter is written in English. 一般过去时被动语态：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) 1.A new house was built last year. 2.The cakes were made just now. 进行时态被动语态:承受者+助动词am / is/are +being+及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) The room is being cleaned now. We are being followed. 将来

3、时态被动语态:承受者+will be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) Some of us will be asked to speak at the meeting. My homework will be finished right away. 情态动词被动语态:承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) Your sweater may be put here. This job must be finished on time. 完成时态被动语态:承受者+has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词(+by+执行者) Th

4、e film has been watched by us. The nice bikes have been sold out . 主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况： 1）主语谓语动词宾语 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （主动）We bought a book yesterday. （被动）The book was bought by us yesterday. 2主语谓语动词间接宾语直接宾语:将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语,如果直接宾语变为主语

5、时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.(被动) I was showed a book yesterday.The book was showed to me yesterday. 3）短语动词变为被动语态 有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。 （主动）We should look after the patients very well. （被动）The patients should be looked after v

6、ery well by us. 被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题： （1）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。 （主动）The students in class listen to the teacher carefully. （被动）The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. （2）当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。 （主动）They made us do all the work. （被动）We were made to do al

7、l the work. （主动）We often hear her sing English songs. （被动）She is often heard to sing English songs. （主动）I see him walk to school. （被动）He is seen to walk to school.被动语态练习题, 用适当的形式填空 1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)3 The book _ by him last yea

8、r. ( write )4 The radio _ last week. ( mend)madeaskedwas writtenwas mended 5. Stamps_( use) for sending letters. 6. A new subway _ (build) next year.7 Young trees should _ (water) often. 8.A big apple_(cut) up just now.are usedwill be builtbe wateredwas cut 被动语态练习题 1. I will study French later on. _

9、2.We often hear her singing songs next door. _3.Her aunt bought her a colorful scarf. _ _French will be studied later on (by me).She is often heard singing songs next door (by us).She was bought a colorful scarf by her aunt. A colorful scarf was bought for her by her aunt. 4.Students must obey the school rules. _ 5.He gave me a new dictionary this morning. _ _ 6.I am doing my homework. _The school rules must be obeyed by students.I was given a new dictionary this morning