雅思图表作文

1、雅思图表作文讲义 李燕飞 I. 雅思图表的5种类型： 1） table 表格题 2） line graph 线图（直线图和曲线图） 3） bar chart 柱状图 （条形图） 4） pie chart 饼状图 5） process diagram 流程图 II. 雅思图表写作的文体特点： 1.Examples: 1) Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014,

2、gas will remain stable at 25 q. 2) These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 7.1% and 0.2% of land affected respectively. Europ

3、e, with the highest overall percentage of land degraded (23%), also suffered from over-cultivation (7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%). By contrast, Oceania had 13% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to over grazing (11.3%). 2. Model writing: The line graph shows the information about UK radio

4、and TV audience over 4 years old through the day (6am to 6am the next day) in the period from October to December, 1992. As can be seen from the line graph, the size of the TV audience fluctuated over the 24 hours. From 6am to 8am it experienced a slight rise from around 4% of the UK population over

5、 four years old to about 7%. From 8am to midday, the figure remained stable. After that, thee proportion of people watching TV in the UK rose sharply until 8pm, peaking at just over 43%. The figure then fell back to around 4% by 6am the next morning. The size of the radio audience also experienced s

6、ignificant fluctuations over the same period. However, unlike the TV audience, the size of the radio audience increased rapidly from 6am (with about 7% of the British population over 4 years old listening to the radio) to 8am, reading its peak at 27%. Over the next 22 hours, the figure saw a consist

7、ent decrease, with the exception of a slight rise from 11% at 4pm to 14% at 5pm. It is clear that before 2pm, the proportion of people listening to the radio in the UK was higher than the proportion of people watching TV. After that, more people in the UK watched TV. Overall, in these 24 hours, the

8、size of the TV audience was lager than that of the radio audience. 2. 图表写作的特点： 1） 客观性： 2） 准确性：数据力求精确；合理目测和估计。 3） 详尽性：非“面面俱到”；关键数据和信息；适当的比较。 III. 决定成败的准备工作： 1. 审题： 1）仔细看图，看清单位； 2）不要轻视在图表周围给出的标题； 3）看清楚图例； 4）数字力求准确，但如无精确坐标表示，可以目测或者估计数字。 2. 是否会确定主体段应该写几段： 1）题中给出了几个图就对应的写几个主体段； 2）若只有一图，就要看这一个图里面包含几类图形元素，

9、然后对应地对每类图形元 素写一个主体段； 3. 是否能快速确定每部分的结构； IV. 三种段落的写法 1. 开头段 EX1： 原题： The pie chart below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000. 开头段： The chart compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. EX2: 原题： The grap

10、h below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport. 开头段： The graph illustrates the quantities of goods transported in the United Kingdom by four different modes of transport between the time period of 1974 and 2002. EX3: 原题：The tabl

11、e below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. 段落 句数 作用 开头段 1-2句 改写原题 主体段1 1+X句 每个主体段第一句形体概括，X句具体介绍数字 . 主体段N 结尾段 1-2句 结尾段的第一句介绍总数total，但如果途中并没有明确地给出总数，这句话就不写。一定不要再去画蛇添足地对图例的数据求总和，因为剑桥官方明确规定只考查描述能力，但不考查运算能力。第二句话是做结论，只要确实是根据图例的数据得出的有一定合理性的结论就可以

12、，几轮并不是只有唯一的固定答案。 2. 主体段：概括句+X句 1）主体段首句的写法：概括该图例的总体变化趋势；概括该图包含几个部分： A.如果图里存在着时间的推移，那么段首句就概括该图形的总体变化趋势； B.如果图里并不存在时间推移，那么段首句就概括该图形由几个部分组成（但如果该 图形的组成部分很少，则可以考虑省略本句）。 2）主体段首局后的X句写法：X句要具体介绍数据，按顺序介绍，关键数据誓死不漏， 非关键数据尽量多写。 A. 要尽可能地按照有规律的顺序来介绍数据； 1常规的线图(lie graph)一般都有时间的推移，要按照从左到右的自然顺序介绍即 可； 2常规的柱状图(bar chart

13、)，如果横轴上有时间的变化，那么也按照从左到右的自 然顺序介绍; 如果柱状图的横轴上没有时间变化，把各柱所对应的数值按照从大 到小的顺序排列之后在介绍会写得更快更有条理；见EX1 3常规的饼图 (pie chart), 按照所占份额从大到小的顺序来依次介绍最清楚； 4表格题(table) 按照行或列的顺序依次介绍数据都能写清楚，自己选择其中一种 顺序固定练习即可，但在介绍每一行（或者每一列）的数字的时候，都是把这几 个数字按照从大到小的顺序排好，然后依次介绍； B. 按顺序介绍数字并不意味着必须要“地毯式地覆盖”全部数字，尽可能多介绍一些 数字就可以，而且对关键数字要做到滴水不漏。一旦出现就必

14、须“老实交代”的7 类特征数据： 1 起始点：只要图里存在着时间变化就肯定有； 2 终止点：同上； 3 变化趋势：同上 4 转折点：只要图里面出现波动就肯定有； 5 极值：包括极大值和极小值，任何关于数字的图形里必有； 6 交点：只有line graph 里面才有，其本质是两根线在那个点上的数值相同； 7 百分比：各类图里都可能有，但是饼图和表格里的百分比考的尤其多。 The first bar chart shows data about marriage and divorce rates in the U.S. Between 1970 and 2000, while the secon

15、d bar chart gives information about the material status of adult Americans in 1970 and 2000. It is clear that the first bar chart that the marriage rate was consistently higher than the divorce rate over the thirty-year period. In 1970 the number of marriages stood at 2.5 million while the number of

16、 divorce was 1 million. Over the next decade, the number of marriages remained stable, whereas the number of divorces increased to 1.4 million over the same period. Then the number of marriage gradually fell to 2 million over the following twenty years. The number of divorces also experienced a down

17、ward trend, reaching 1.4 million in 1990 and ending at 1 million in 2000. The second bar chart shows that married people accounted for the greatest proportion of the adult American population in both 1970 and 2000 (70% and 59% respectively). The percentage of Americans adults who never married was 1

18、4% in 1970 and 20% in 2000. By contrast, people who were widowed represented 8% of the population in 197 and 6% in 2000. It is particularly noticeable that divorced couples only constituted 2% of the American population in 1970 but in 2000, the figure rose to 9% a 4.5 times increase. Overall, the ma

19、rriage rates were significantly higher than the divorce rates over the three decades, and married population made up the largest proportion of the American population in both 1970 and 2000. 3. 结尾段的写法：写12句，第一句写总数（如果题目确实给出了总数的话），第二句做结 论。 1） 如果题目里出现了total（总数）的话，最好不要在主体段里介绍，那样很容易混论， 放到结尾段的第一句介绍则文章结构能清楚很

20、多，而且也有助于第二句话做出自然的 结论。但是如果题目里面并没有明确给出total，那么结尾段就不用写总数了，不要自己 去“求和”，直接总结上文做结论； 2）结尾段最后一句的结论只要是合理并且客观的（确实基于图里所给出的数据，而不是 自己任意想象，“添油加醋”）就是可以接受的，而且多数题目也并不是只能有一种正确 结论。永远要牢记：图表题的主要目的是靠你的英语写作能力而不是考数学，所以一般 结尾段结论都还是比较清晰的，即使考官自己也并不希望吧结论想得过于深奥。 主体段介绍数据或描述变化趋势的常用词一网打尽： 动词： 1）表示上升的动词： go up increase: v. & n. r

21、ise: v. & n. grow: experience a upward trend: 2) 表示急剧上升的动词： jump shoot up surge: v. & n. soar 3) 表示下降的动词 decline: v. & n. fall: v. & n. drop: v. & n. dip decrease: v. & n. experience a downward trend 4) 表示急剧下降的动词： plummet plunge 5) 表示由.组成的短语： Be made up of be composed of cons

22、ist of comprise/be comprised of 6) 表示波动的动词： fluctuate: v. fluctuation n. 7) 表示稳定在某一水平上的词组： remain stable at: E.g.: Its consumption levels remained stable at around 14% over the three decades. 8) 表示经历了某种变化的及物动词: See/ experience / witness E.g.: The cost of the furniture and equipment saw an opposite t

23、rend. The unemployment reate in Europe experienced a sharp increase from 2.5% to approximately 9% in the late 1970s. 9) 表示到达最高点的词组： peak at reach its peak at reach the highest level at 10) 表示到达最低点的词组： reach its lowest point at fall to its lowest point at reach its lowest level at 11) 介绍趋势时表示多少数量的及物动

24、词或词组： reach （表示“达到”多少） stand at （表示“位于”多少） 12) 表示占多少份额的动词： account for make up represent constitute 13) 表示将来数字的预测： expect predict project 14) 表示变成原来数值的两倍或三倍的动词：（同一个事物在不同时间里的倍数关系） double increase twofold: 变成原来的两倍 increase threefold:变成原来的三倍 triple E.g.: 15) 表示是另一事物的两倍或三倍的表达：（表示两个不同事物之间存在倍数关系） be twice as high (or long / f