惠特曼和草叶集ppt课件

,WaltWhitman(1819-92),1,Regardedasamysticpoet,sexualpoet,democraticpoet,hispoemsareliketheBible,comprehensive,2,LeavesofGrass,Original,fresh,bold,licentious,uninhibited,unrestrainedbothincontentandinform(freeverse)Buoyantoptimism,democracy,equality,individualism,3,LeavesofGrass,1steditionin185512poems,lasteditionover400poemseditions:1855,56,60,67,71,76,81,89,91-92,4,Influencesuponhim,1.influencefromtheEnlightenment(asembodiedinJeffersonandPain),idealsoftherightsanddignityoftheindividual,toleration,humanitarianism（人道主义）,cosmopolitanism(世界主义)andidealism),5,2.influencefromTranscendentalismrelianceoninsightandintuition,infinitepowerofmantogainknowledgebymergingintonature,6,3.influencefromEmerson“Iwassimmering,simmering,simmering,Emersonbroughtmetoaboil”(Whitman),7,3.influencefromEmerson1)Thepoetisaseer,universalman.“Americaisapoeminoureyes,AmericanPoetisauniversalman.”(Emerson)“Thegreatestpoetbreathesintotheworldthegrandeurandlifeofuniverse.”(Whitman),8,2)poetryisorganic,natural.Artshouldbebasedorganicallyonnature,poetrygrowsoutofnature;apoemisaliveandpassionatelikethespiritofaplant/animalfromnature(Emerson)therhymeanduniformityofperfectpoemsshowthefreegrowthofmetricallawsandbudaslilacsandrosesonabush(Whitman),9,3)Bothmenbelievedininsightandintuitionofman.,10,Igreetyouatthebeginningofagreatcareer,Irubbedmyeyesalittle,toseeifthissunbeamwerenoillusion.-Emerson,21thJuly,1855,11,Themes:focusonmanandnature,1.immanence（神在宇宙内的普遍存在性）ofGodincreation,plentitude,continuityandgraduation2.multiplicityandrichnessofnature3.sacrednessoftheself,12,Themes,4.equalityofallthingsandbeings,theequalpotentialdivinityofeverythingfromgrasstomankind5.loveandcompanionshipasaforcestrongerthansocialcompacts6.cosmicevolution7.thebeautyofdeathaspartofthecycleofbirth,life,deathandresurrection,13,“SongofMyself”,FromabladeofgrassseeintothemysteryofdeathandbirthConclusion:thereisnodeath,14,“SongofMyself”,cycle1,Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.Iloafeandinvitemysoul,Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.Mytongue,everyatomofmyblood,formdfromthissoil,thisair,Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.,15,“SongofMyself”,cycle1,Creedsandschoolsinabeyance,Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten,Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard,Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.,16,我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己，我承担的你也将承担，因为属于我的每一个原子也同样属于你。我闲步，还邀请了我的灵魂，我俯身悠然观察着一片夏日的草叶。我的舌，我血液的每个原子，是在这片土壤、这个空气里形成的，是这里的父母生下的，父母的父母也是在这里生下的，他们的父母也一样，我，现在三十七岁，一生下身体就十分健康，希望永远如此，直到死去。信条和学派暂时不论，且后退一步，明了它们当前的情况已足，但也决不是忘记，不论我从善从恶，我允许随意发表意见，顺乎自然，保持原始的活力。,17,“SongofMyself”,cycle6,Achildsaidwhatisthegrass?fetchingittomewithfullhands,HowcouldIanswerthechild?Idonotknowwhatisitanymorethanhe.Iguessitmustbetheflagofmydisposition,outofhopefulgreenstuffwoven.,18,“SongofMyself”,cycle6,OrIguessitisthehandkerchiefoftheLord,Ascentedgiftandremembrancerdesignedlydropt,Bearingtheownersnamesomewayinthecorners,thatwemayseeandremark,andsayWhose?OrIguessthegrassisitselfachild,theproducedbabeofthevegetation.,19,“SongofMyself”,cycle6,Andnowitseemstomethebeautifuluncuthairofgraves.Whatdoyouthinkhasbecomeoftheyoungandoldmen?Andwhatdoyouthinkhasbecomeofthewomenandchildren?Theyarealiveandwellsomewhere,Thesmallestsproutshowsthereisreallynodeath,Andifevertherewasitledforwardlife,anddoesnotwaitattheendtoarrestit,Allgoesonwardandoutward,nothingcollapses,20,Themesof“SongofMyself”,1.transcendentalnoteAllgoesonwardandoutward,nothingcollapses;“I”,presenteverywhereinlife,leavesonewiththeimpressionofadivineomnisciencebeholdingnatureandmanalike,“Iamdeathless”,“Oneworldisawareandthatismyself”“Iamlarge,Icontainmultitude”,21,Themesof“SongofMyself”,2.idealsofequalityanddemocracyItcelebratesthedignity,self-reliantspiritandjoyofcommonman;itrevealsaworldofequality.（withoutrankandhierarchy:prostitute,president,carpenter,peopleofallwalksoflife）,22,Themesof“SongofMyself”,3.ItrespondsenthusiasticallytotheexpansionofAmerica.(arisingnation,risingspiritofanewnation,fullofhustlingaction,bubblingenergy,dynamiccreativefertility,aggressiveanddaringspirit.),23,Techniques,1.freeverse2.parallelism(rhythmofthought)/catalogue3.phoneticrecurrence(systematicrepetitionofwordsandphrasesatthebeginning,middleandendofthelines)4.symbolism5.“untoldlatencies”:implications,suggestions,religiousrevelations(epiphany),24,Hisinfluences,T.S.Eliot,Pound,HartCrane,CarlSandburg,GinsburgHeiscomparedtoamountaininAmericanliterature,youmaygoaroundhim,butyoucannotpretendthatheisnotthere.,25,Hisinfluences,FiftyyearsafterthefirstpublicationofLeavesofGrass,thewordsofWhitmanweretheneutralairwebreathed,whetherwehadreadthemornot.,26,Hiscontributions,Innovationsindictionandversification,franknessaboutsex,inclusionofthecommonplaceandugly,censure(criticism)oftheweaknessesoftheAmericanDemocraticpractice,27,Someofhistitles,OnesSelfISingIHearAmericaSingingISingtheBodyElectricAWomanWaitsforMeSpontaneousMeIAmHethatAcheswithLoveFacingWestfromCaliforniaShoresForYouODemocracy,28,Someofhistitles,ISawinLouisianaaLiveOakGrowingEarth,MyLikenessAmongtheMultitudeSongoftheOpenRoadSongoftheBroad-AxeSongoftheRedwood-TreeASongofJoysASongofRollingEarth,29,Someofhistitles,ASongforOccup