浙江省效实中学高三下学期第二次适应性考试英语试题

2024届浙江省效实中学高三年级第二次适应性考试英语学科试题卷考生须知：1．本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。2．请用黑色签字笔将学校、班级、姓名、考号分别填写在答题卷和机读卡的相应位置上。第I卷（95分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesJimprobablydo?A.Ahost. B.Abusinessman. C.Amusician.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:SoJim,you’veachievedhugesuccessinthemusicbusiness.Howdidthishappen?M:Youseeapopulartalentshowhostsawmyvideoonline,loveditandhisthousandsoffollowersthenwatchedit.Sothathelped.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afilm. B.Atrip. C.Aphoto.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thecountrysidewaswonderful.Ilikethefreshmorningair.M:Yeah,asforthevillagewewenttoyesterday,therewassomuchfogaround.Ithinkitwasagoodplaceforanadventurefilm.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Bringagift. B.Returnsomething. C.Havedinner.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:It’sreallyniceofyoutocookformetonight.W:I’mgladtodoit.You’vebeensohelpfulandit’sonlyfairthatIreturnthefavor.Ihopeyou’vebroughtyourappetite.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendidthemangethisniece’scall?A.At5:30. B.At6:00. C.At6:20.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:SurelyIhavetomeetmynieceattherailwaystationatsixtwenty.Shecalledmehalfanhourago.Ijusthadanemergencymeeting.W:Oh,it’ssixo’clocknow.Twentyminutestogo.M:Thatisenough.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada. B.InNewYork. C.InCalifornia.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:MywifeandIareplanningondrivingfromCaliforniatoCanadaforafewweeks.M:That’sexciting.MyhusbandandItookacartripfromNewYorktoCanadaafewyearsago.Itwasalotoffun.第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Professorandstudent.C.Taxidriverandpassenger.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShestudiedDramaintheU.K.B.Shehasthesameaccentastheman.CSheisatourist.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:WheretoMiss?W:Themuseumofnaturalhistoryplease?Andcouldyoustopbysomefastfoodrestaurantontheway?I’dliketobuysometakeout.M:Surething.Atourist,Iguess.W:No,Iwasbornhere.Why?M:Well,youdon’thaveouraccent.W:Oh,thatisprobablybecauseI’vespentmylastfiveyearsinBritain.IstudieddramaattheuniversityofWinchester.Thereyousee.M:OK,welebacktothebigApple.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】M:Weneedtodecideexactlywhenwe’regoingtomove.Anysuggestions?W:IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmovealltheofficeequipmentataweekend,doeverythingatonce.M:Ithinkaweekends’tooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,eachweekadifferentdepartmentwouldmovethatway.Therewouldalwaysbepeopleheretohandlecustomerinquiries,phonecallsandsoon.W:Hmm,That’sagoodidea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhatistheonlyproblemofFitzgerald’snewfilmaccordingtotheman?A.Itisuninteresting.B.Itlacksmusicalperformances.C.It’sonlyaimedatoneagegroup.11.WhatinstrumentdoesFitzgeraldlikebest?A.Theviolin. B.Thepiano. C.Theguitar.12.WhydomanyimportantpeopledislikeFitzgerald?A.Hedoesn’trespectotherpeople.B.Hechangeshismindquiteoften.C.Heexpresseshisviewsdirectly.13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFitzgerald’spersonality?A.Attractive. B.Warmhearted. C.Outgoing.【答案】10.C11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:IthinkthenewfilmthatFitzgeralddirectedisquitegood.Theonlyproblemisthatit’saimedatteenagersonly.Itholdsnointerestforanyotheragegroup.W:IlikethegreatmusicalperformancesinFitzgerald’sfilm.He’salsoagiftedviolinistandguitarist,isn’the?M:Well,Ineverseehimplaytheviolinortheguitar.AsfarasIknow,thepianoistheonlyinstrumenthelikes.W:I’veheardthatquiteafewimportantpeopledislikehim.Doyouknowanythingaboutthis?M:Well,Fitzgerald’sexpressedhisopinionsdirectlyandthatsometimesmakesthoseimportantpeopleannoyed.Yousee,hehashisownideasaboutlifeandhedoesn’tsimplytakeonotherpeople’sbecausetheyarefamous.Indeed,itisthisveryaspectofhispersonalitythatIfindmostattractive.IthinktheonlypersonheadmiresandrespectsisFreddieTaylor.W:Thattheyhavedifferentpersonalities.Freddiehasawarmheartandheiseasytogetalongwith.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatdoesSallyvaluemostaboutafterschoolactivities?A.Learningnewskills. B.Openingupnewhorizons. C.Helpinggethighergradesatschool.15.WhatdoesJasonbenefitfromdoingvoluntarywork?A.He’sdevelopedhisinterest.B.Heisemployedbyalawfirm.C.He’sgotexperienceforhisfuturecareer.16.WhydoesSallygototheschoolsportscenter?A.Tomakefriends. B.Toorganizegames. C.Topassthetime.【答案】14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Jason,doyoulikeparticipatinginafterschoolactivities?Ithinktheycanbenefitusindifferentways.M:You’reright,Sally,Ioncereadareport.Itshowedthattakingpartinafterschoolactivitiescanhelpstudentsgethighergradesatschool.Also,suchactivitiescanteachusnewskills.W:You’vegotapointthere.Well,broadeningmyhorizonsisatoppriorityforme.Sowhatafterschoolactivitydoyougotonow?M:I’mvolunteeringatalawfirm.Idreamofbeingalawyerandhavelearnedsomeskillsbyworkingthere.I’msuresuchexperiencecanhelpmakemydreametrueoneday.Whataboutyou?W:Ithinkparticipatinginthesameactivityassomeoneelseoftenmeansyouhaveasharedinterestthatcanmaketheparticipantseasiertobeefriends.Ialwaysgototheschoolsportscenter.Icanmeetmanynewpeoplewholoveplayingsports.Wealsoorganizevariousactivitiestopromotefriendship.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforahigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.18.Howisthebusinessofthepany?A.Worsethanbefore. B.Asgoodasbefore. C.Betterthanbefore.19.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothepany.20.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory. B.Disappointing. C.Justsoso.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,sir,mayItalktoyou?M:Sure,eonin.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Well,sir,asyouknow,Ihavebeenanemployeeofthisfamousfirmforovertenyears.M:Yes.W:Iwon’tbeataroundtheBush,sir.Iwouldlikearaise.IcurrentlyhavethreepaniesaftermeandsoIdecidedtotalktoyoufirst.M:Araise?Iwouldlovetogiveyouaraise,butthisisjustnottherighttime.W:IunderstandyourpositionandIknowthatthecurrenteconomicdownturnhashadanegativeimpactonsale,butyoumustalsotakeintoconsiderationmyhardworkperformanceandloyaltytothispanyforoveradecade.M:Takingintoaccountthesefactors,andconsideringIdon’twanttostartlosingqualifiedpersons,I’mwillingtoofferyouatenpercentraiseandanextrafivedaysofvacationtime.Howdoesthatsound?W:Great,it’sadeal.Thankyou,sir.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheLindaHallLibraryisopentothepublicfreeofchargeduringregularlibraryhours.Thereisnochargeforgettingalibrarycard.Patronscanrequestandusematerialsinthelibrary,providedtheitemsareingoodphysicalcondition.Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.AphotoIDplusutilitybillinyournameisneededifthecurrentaddressdiffersfromthatontheID.PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.WhoCanBorrow:IndividualslivingwithintheKansasCityareaasdefinedbelow:Missouri—Bates,Caldwell,Cass,Clay,Clinton,Jackson,Johnson,Iafayette,Platte,RayKansas—Douglas,Franklin,Johnson,Leavenworth,L.inn,Miami,WyandotteEstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.ContactReferenceServicesat8169268701orreference@formoreinformationaboutauthorizedborrowingforbusinesses,orfilloutourwebapplication.Studentsfaculty,andstaffparticipatinginCourtesyCardinstitutions.ContactformoreinformationabouttheCourtesyCardProgram.IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.Formoreinformationonhowtorequestlibrarymaterials,pleaseseethisguideonMakingRequestsinPrimo.Youmaywishtoregistertoattendaninperson“NavigatingLindaHallLibrary”session.21.Whatisamustforborrowingmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Acurrentlytakenphoto. B.Aborrowingaccount.C.Aguaranteedeposit. D.Anauthorizedapplication.22.Whichofthefollowingpersonscanborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary?A.Astudentstudyinginacollege.B.AnindividuallivinginWashington.C.ApersonworkingapanyintheKCarea.D.ApersonworkingforCourtesyCardProgram.23.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudon’tmeetthecriteriaforthelibrary?A.Filloutanapplicationonline.B.Turntoyourlocallibraryforhelp.C.Followtheofficialguidance.D.Borrowsomematerialsonline.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了琳达·霍尔图书馆办理免费借阅证的条件，以及具体措施。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tosignupforaborrowingaccount,youmustbearesidentoftheKansasCityarea.YouhavetoprovideacurrentstateorfederalphotoIDwithaKCareastreetaddress.(要注册一个借阅账户，你必须是堪萨斯城地区的居民。您必须提供带有KC地区街道地址的当前州或联邦带照片的身份证件。)”以及“PatronsmustshowtheirLHLlibrarycardoraphotoIDatthetimeofcheckout.(读者在图书馆把书借出时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。)”可知，从图书馆借阅资料必须有借阅账户，借阅资料时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“WhoCanBorrow:”下文中的“EstablishedbusinesseswithintheKCarea.(在KC内所建立的企业)”可知，在KC地区的公司工作的人可以从图书馆借书。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“IfyouwishtoborrowfromtheLindaHallLibrarybutdonotmeettheabovecriteria,pleasecontactyourlocallibraryandrequesttoborrowthroughinterlibraryloanfromDocumentDeliveryServices.(如果您想从琳达·霍尔图书馆借阅但不符合上述标准，请联系您当地图书馆，并请求通过馆际互借从‘文献传递服务’借阅。)”可知，如果你不符合图书馆的标准，你可以向你当地的图书馆寻求帮助，通过“文献传递服务”申请馆际互借。故选B。BAsahockeyparent,whilewatchingmysonplayedfromMitetoBantam,HouseLeaguetoTravel,I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.However,whathappenedthenextyearaddeditsstorytothelegendsofsportinginpetence.Notmerelyweakbutprettilybad,thisteamlost40oftheirfirst50games,mostofthedefeatsinginthecourseoftwolosingstreaks.Foratime,Iworriedthatthesestreakswouldkillmychild’sloveofthegame.Butthat’snotwhathappened.Asbadasitgot,thelosingwasclarifying.Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.Whatstartedasalistof17oftheteamwascutdownto12.Itwasespeciallyinstructiveforthekids.Ittaughthimagreattruthoftheworld:Foreveryonegood,thereissomeonebetter.What’smore,thekidswerelearningthegameinawaythatonlylosingcanteach.Eachplayergottoplayeverywhere,tolearnandappreciatetheroleofeverypositionontheice.Theykeptaneyeontheiropponentstoo,studyingandincorporatingthetricksofsuccess.Inanefforttobreakthestreak,theywentbacktobasics,acceptedthewisdomofthehockeyancients:Ifplayinglikeateam,theycandefeatacollectionofallstars;Ifdoingsmallandunappreciatedtaskswell,theycangetthegoal.Thisnewteamhadcharacterandcouldneverbecountedout,nomatterthescore.Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheson’steaminthethirdseasonin2019?A.Theteamhadabadperformance.B.Theteamdidn’tliveuptotheauthor’sexpectations.C.Theteamplayedtypicallywellandwonallthegames.D.Theteamdidn’thavethespiritoffacingfailure.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clarify”referto?A.Thelosingmadethekidsbetterunderstandhockey.B.Thelosinghelpedthekidslearnagreattruthoftheworld.C.Thelosingseparatedtrueplayerfromthoseplayingforglory.D.Thelosingboostedthekids’teamwork.26.Accordingtotheauthor,whathavetheson’steamlearned?A.Foreverythingbig,thereissomethingbigger.B.Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Thehardestbattleyou’regoingtofightisthebattletobejustyou.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowKidsCanDealWithLosing B.WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosingC.WhyKidsCanBenefitFromLosing D.HowKidsCanGetOverFromLosing【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的孩子和其队友打曲棍球，他们从不断的失败中学到了一些教训。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Inhisthirdseasonin2019,myson’steamneverlostmorethanthreestraightgames.Therewashappiness,boasting,celebration,pizza.Inshort,itwasatypicallygoodyouthhockeyseason.Heimprovedasaplayer,butdidnotmuchchangeasaperson.(2019年是我儿子的第三个赛季，他所在的球队从未输过3场以上的比赛。有快乐，有吹嘘，有庆祝，有披萨。简而言之，这是一个典型的优秀青年曲棍球赛季。作为一名球员，他有了进步，但作为一个人，他并没有太大的变化)”可知，2019年的第三个赛季，作者儿子的球队非常优秀，虽然失败过，但是还是很开心，并没有真正体会到失败带给他们的影响。由此推知，作者认为儿子的球队缺乏面对失败的精神。故选D。【25题详解】指代猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Itweededoutthekidswhowereinitlessforthegamethantheglory,leavingjustthediehardsbehind.(它淘汰了那些不是为了比赛，而是为了荣誉的孩子，只留下了顽固分子)”可知，虽然孩子的球队比赛失败，但是失败让一切变得很明朗，因为这淘汰了那些不是为了比赛，而是为了荣誉的孩子，只留下了顽固分子。由此可推知，划线单词clarify代指下文内容，即失败将真正的球员和为荣誉而战的球员分开了。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他们学到了最重要的一课：你可以输但不被打败。他们勉强进入州锦标赛，然后一路进入决赛，在加时赛中决出冠军。当他们输掉比赛，进入握手的行列时，他们并不是作为亚军，而是作为一支以唯一的方式——失败——成为赢家的球队)”可知，作者儿子的团队虽然失败了，但他们不断进步，不断面对更大的挑战，成为更好的自己。由此可推知，作者认为，孩子们学到的教训是：对于强大的挑战，要不断进步，因为总有更大挑战在等着你。故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“I’velearnedthatlosingmaybebestforkids.(我明白了输球对孩子来说可能是最好的)”和最后一段中的“Theyhadlearnedthemostimportantlesson:Youcanlosewithoutbeingbeaten.Theysqueakedintothestatetournament,thenmadeitallthewaytothefinal,wherethewinnerwasdecidedinovertime.Whentheylostthatgameandwentintothehandshakeline,itwasnotasrunnersupbutasateamthathadbeenmadeintowinnersintheonlywaythatwillstick—bylosing.(他们学到了最重要的一课：你可以输但不被打败。他们勉强进入州锦标赛，然后一路进入决赛，在加时赛中决出冠军。当他们输掉比赛，进入握手的行列时，他们并不是作为亚军，而是作为一支以唯一的方式——失败——成为赢家的球队)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者的孩子和其队友打曲棍球，他们从不断的失败中学到了一些教训。由此可知，B选项“WhatKidsCanLearnFromLosing(孩子们能从失败中学到什么)”适合作文章最佳标题。故选B。CInthelate1970s,archaeologists(考古学家)uncoveredtheremainsofawomanandayoungdog,herhandrestingonthepuppy’schestina12,000yearoldvillage.Thefindissomeoftheearliestevidenceofthebondbetweenhumansanddogs.Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(驯服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?ChristinaHansenWheat,abehavioralecologistatStockholmUniversity,andworkmateshandraised10graywolvesfromthetimetheywere10daysold.Whentheanimalswere23weeksold,acaregiverledthemoneatatimeintoamostlyemptyroom.Overthecourseofseveralminutes,thecaregiverexitedandenteredtheroom,sometimesleavingthewolfalone,sometimesleavingitwithapletestranger.Theteamrepeatedtheexperimentwith1223weekoldAlaskanhuskies(哈士奇),whichthey’draisedsimilarlysincepuppyhood.Forthemostpart,thescientistssawfewdifferencesbetweenthewolvesandthedogs.Whentheircaregiverenteredtheroom,bothspeciesscored4.6onafivepointscaleof“greetingbehavior”—adesiretobearoundthehuman.Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.It’sthisdistinctionthattheteamcountsasasignofattachment.Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.HansenWheatsaysthat’sneverbeenseenbeforeinwolves.Itcouldbeasign,shesays,thattheanimalsviewthehumanswhoraisedthemasa“socialbuffer”.Forher,that’sthemostinterestingpartofthestudy.“Ifthisistrue,thissortofattachmentisnotwhatseparatesdogsfromwolves,”shesays.Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.28.What’sthepurposeofHansenWheat’sexperiment?A.Tofindoutwhatmakesgraywolvesanddogsdifferent.B.Toexplainthereasonswhyhumansraiseddogsfromancienttimes.C.Toarguegraywolvesafterbeingtamedareeasiertokeepthandogs.D.Toprovewhethergraywolvescanmakedoglikeattachmenttopeople.29.WhatdoweknowaboutHansenWheat’sexperimentfromparagraph3and4?A.Researchersbegantoraisegraywolvesfromtheirbirth.B.Researchersusedequalnumbersofgraywolvesanddogs.C.Graywolvesfeltmorestressfulthandogswhenastrangercame.D.“Greetingbehavior”ofthetwoanimalswassignificantlydifferent.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“socialbuffer”inparagraph5mean?A.Areminderoffeeding. B.Asignofsocialattachment.C.Asourceoffortandsupport. D.Awarningofstoppingpace.31.WhatwillHansenWheatprobablyagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Dogsaremoreattachedtohumansthangraywolves.B.Itistheattachmenttohumansthatsetsgraywolvesapartfromdogs.C.Theattachmentbetweendogsandhumansistheresultofbeingtamed.D.Theattachmenttohumansplaysaroleinthechoiceofdogsorgraywolves.【答案】28.D29.C30.C31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狼和狗与人类之间的联系，以及它们在陌生人、陌生环境前的表现。【28题详解】细节理解题。第二段提到“Butevenafteryearsofstudyresearchersaredividedonhowthisbondbegan.Diditariseoverthousandsofyears,asearlydogsbecametamer(驯服的)andmoreaccustomedtohumanbehaviors?Orwasthisfirealreadyburningintheancestorsofdogs:thegraywolf?”（但即使经过多年的研究，研究人员对这种联系是如何开始的仍存在分歧。它是在几千年的时间里，随着早期的狗变得更驯服，更习惯人类的行为而出现的吗?或者这种火已经在狗的祖先灰狼身上燃烧了?）由此判断，研究人员想要了解人和狗之间的亲密关系是狗变得更容易驯服之后形成的还是在狗的祖先狼身上就已经形成，即他们想证明狼是否也会和人做出像狗一样的亲密活动。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。第四段提到“Whenthestrangerentered,doggreetingbehaviordroppedto4.2andwolfto3.5,onaverage,suggestingbothanimalsmadeadistinctionbetweenthepersontheyknewandtheonetheydidn’t.”（当陌生人进来时，狗的问候行为平均下降到4.2分，狼的问候行为平均下降到3.5分，这表明这两种动物都区分了它们认识的人和不认识的人。）由此判断，当狼和狗遇到陌生人的时候，他们的分数都有所下降，尤其是狼的分数更低，说明狼会在陌生人面前会更加有压力。故选C。【30题详解】词义猜测题。第五段提到“Inaddition,dogsbarelypaced—asignofstress—duringthetest,whilewolvespacedatleastpartofthetime.However,thewolvesstoppedpacingalmostentirelywhenastrangerlefttheroomandtheircaretakerreturned.”（此外，狗在测试中几乎没有踱步——这是压力的一种表现，而狼至少在部分时间里踱步。然而，当一个陌生人离开房间，它们的管理员回来时，狼几乎完全停止了踱步。）由此判断，狼在陌生的环境和面对陌生人的时候会更加感觉到压力，但是当它熟悉的人回来之后，它就停止了踱步，说明熟悉的人的缓解了它的压力，而这个熟悉的人是带给它支持和安慰的人。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。最后一段提到“Inotherwords,itdidn’thavetobebredintothembyhumans,butcouldhavebeentheseedweselectedfor,andthenstrengthenedoverthousandsofyears.”（换句话说，它不必由人类培育，而可能是我们选择的种子，然后经过数千年的强化。）由此判断，狼和狗一样对人都有依恋，只不过人类选择了狗为载体培养了这颗依恋的种子，因此对于人的依恋才是最重要的。故选D。DAlmostallhumansacquireatleastonelanguagebeforetheageoffive.Howdoyoungchildrenunderstandandproduceplexsentenceswithplicatedmeanings?Doadultslearnlanguagedifferentlyfromchildren?Mostlinguistic(语言学的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirthandthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.Theselinguistspointoutthatnearlyallchildrencanproducethesamekindsofplexsentencestructuresbytheageoffive,evenwithouthavingheardthembefore.Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理论)isuniversalgrammar.Thistheorybelievesthatalllanguageshavethesamebasicstructuralfoundation.Thatfoundationistheinnateknowledgeuniversaltoallhumans.Whilechildrenarenotgeneticallytendingtospeakaparticularlanguage,auniversalgrammargivesthemcertainlinguisticinformationasastartingpoint,whichallowsthemtoreadilyacquiretherulesandpatternsofwhicheverlanguagetheyareexposedto.Notalllinguists,however,believethataninbornabilityforlanguageisthemostimportantfactorinlanguageacquisition.Theseresearchersplacegreateremphasisontheinfluenceofusageandexperience.Theyarguethatchildrenareexposedtoawealthoflinguisticstructuresoverthecourseoffiveyears.Theygatherdataanddeterminelanguagepatternsandstructuresfromwhattheyhaveobserved.Linguistsonbothsidesofthedebatearestillworkingtoexplainthedifferentlanguagelearningabilitiesofadultsandchildren.Earlychildhoodseemstobeanimportantperiodformasteringcertainaspectsoflanguage.Childrenalsotendtohaveaheightenedabilitytolearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom，theyusuallydonotlearnsecondlanguages.Whileadultsmayhavesomeadvantageswhenstudyinginaformalclassroom,theyusuallydonotlearnasquicklyandeasilyaschildren.Arethesedifferentabilitiesaresultofdifferencesinhowadultsandchildrenareexposedtoanewlanguage?Aretheytheresultofbiologicalchanges,ordobothbiologyandexperienceeintoplay?Whileourunderstandingoflanguageacquisitionisinplete,thispursuitiswellworththeeffort.“Westilldon’tunderstandhowachildlearnsitsfirstlanguage,whysomechildrenhavelanguagedisorders,orhowchildrenandadultslearnasecondlanguage,”explainsProfessorJoanMaling.Explainingtheprocessoflanguageacquisitionpromisesnotonlytohelpscientistsanswerthesequestions,butalsotoexplainfundamentalfeaturesoflearningandthehumanbrain.32.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thecontrolofnurtureovernatureinlanguageacquisition.B.Theinfluenceofuniversalgrammarinlanguageacquisition.C.Thebestmethodsforchildrenandadultstoacquirelanguage.D.Theroleofbiologicalandenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.33.Whatiscoveredinthesecondpartofthisarticle?A.Studyinglanguageacquisitionwillhelpunderstandlanguageandthebrainbetter.B.Someexpertsbelieveinnatefactorsexplainchildren’slanguagedevelopment.C.Someexpertsfocusontheroleofenvironmentalfactorsinlanguageacquisition.D.Acquiringalanguageisplicated,anditinvolvesbothnatureandnurture.34.Whatcanweknowaboutwhattheauthorwantsfromthe2and3paragraph?A.Presentageneralargumentandthenexplainaspecifictheory.B.Presentaspecifictheoryandthenproposeanewstudytoproveit.C.Presentageneralargumentandthendisproveanoppositeargument.D.Presentascientificdebateandthendiscusswhatalllinguistsagreeon.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph5andParagraph6?A.Toraiseopenquestionsthatalllinguistshave.B.Topresenttwodifferentviewpointsonlanguagelearning.C.Tostresstheimportanceofexperienceinlanguagelearning.D.Tointroduceadultlanguageacquisitionandshowwhyit’sunpopular.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【导语】这是是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了生物和环境因素在语言习得过程中的作用。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Mostlinguistic(语言学的)researchersagreethatbothnatureandnurture(后天)areinvolvedinlanguageacquisition.Theydisagree,however,abouthowmuchlinguisticknowledgechildrenhavefrombirth—andthuswhethergeneticsorexperienceismoreimportantinlanguageacquisition.(大多数语言学研究者一致认为，先天和后天都与语言习得有关。然而，对于儿童从出生时就拥有多少语言知识，以及基因和经验在语言习得中哪个更重要，他们意见不一)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了生物和环境因素在语言习得过程中的作用。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.Somearguethatsomelinguisticknowledgemustexistinourbrainsfrombirthbecausechildrencannotpossiblyexperienceeveryfeatureoftheirlanguagebeforetheageoffive.(对于许多语言学家来说，生物因素在语言学习中是最重要的。一些人认为，某些语言知识一定从出生起就存在于我们的大脑中，因为儿童在五岁之前不可能体验到他们语言的每一个特征)”可知，一些专家认为，先天因素可以解释儿童的语言发展。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Formanylinguists,biologicalfactorsarethemostimportantinlanguagelearning.(对于许多语言学家来说，生物因素在语言学习中是最重要的)”和第三段中“Manyresearchershavetheorizedwhatthisinnate(先天的)linguisticknowledgemustlooklike.Onepopulartheory(理论)isuniversalgrammar.(许多研究人员已经对这种先天的语言知识进行了理论化。一个流行的理论是普遍语法)”可知，第二段提出一个一般的论点，然后第三段解释一个具体的理论，故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段和第六段，特别是第五段中“Linguistsonbothsidesoft