高中英语必修四第四单元知识点

UnitfourEarthquakes

1.burst爆裂，突发

Thesquareisburstingwithtourists.广场上到处都是游客。

Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我觉得自己兴奋

得心花怒放。

Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破门而入。

Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突

然爆发出一阵笑声。

联想扩展：

(1)burstinon…突然打断

Heburstinonourconversation.他突然打断了我们的谈话。

(2)burstinto+n.突然…

Thespeakerburstintoangryspeech.演讲者突然讲粗话。

(3)burstout+doing突然…

Thewomanburstoutcryinglikeachild,那个妇女突然像小孩一■样

哭了。

(4)bursttodosth.迫切想做某事

Iamburstingtotellyouthenews.我迫不与待的想告知你

这个消息。

2.suffer

用法归纳：

A,受苦Hesufferedterriblywhenhismotherdied.

B,受至U损失IfIlost,myself-esteemwillsuffer.

C,遭遇Hesufferednopain

联想扩展：sufferfrom

1、受・•,之苦Isufferedmostfromlackofrest.

2、患，••病Iamsufferingfromacold.

特殊提示：

suffer表示“患…病”时，后面一般跟疾病名称。

suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoo

latetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.To

sufferD.Suffered

3.reach

用法归纳：

(1)到达

Thestartedearly,hopingtoreachtherebeforedark.它们很

早就动身，希望天黑前到达那里。

易混辨析：

reach;get;arrive至!J达

reach后干脆加地点；get加to再加地点；arrive后加at/in再加

地点，at后加小地点；in后加大地点。假如表示地点的词是副词，get

和arrive后都不能用介词。另外，只表示“到了”，不强调到什么地方

用arriveo

(2)达到

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwillreach2000next

year.

(3)用手或脚够到

Canyoureachthebookonthetopoftheshelf你能够到书架顶上

的那本书吗？

特殊提示：

reach还可以作名词，表示“用手或脚能够到的范围；管辖范围或臂展”。

Pleasepassmethesalt,it'soutofmyreach.请把盐递给我，我

够不到。

(4)传到某人手中/耳中

Yourletterreachedmeyesterday.我昨天收到你的来信。

Thenewsreachedmejustnow.我刚刚听到那个消息。

(5)通向；延长

Wheredoesthisroadreach这条路通向哪里？

即时活用：

1、Mostchildrenstayathomeuntiltheyschoolage.

A.getBeC.reachD.arrive

2、DearJenny,thankyouforyourletterwhichon

April1st.

A.arrivedB.arrivedatC.arrivingD.arrivedme

3、Itisthattheletterwillyouthis

afternoon.

A.mostlike;arriveB.likely;reachC.mostlylike;

getD.bestlike;reach

4.cover

(1)覆盖

Theplaygroundiscoveredbyfallenleaves,weshouldclean

it.特殊提示：

表示“覆盖”时，常用covei-with/by句型，并且译法比较敏捷。

Iamcoveredbydust.我满身都是土。Shecoveredherfacewith

herhands.她用双手捂着脸。

(2)包括；包含；涉与

Thestudyofphysicscoversmanysubjects.

(3)爱护；掩护

Themothercoveredthebabyfromthefallingceiling.母亲爱

护婴儿不受下落的天花板的损害。

(4)走完多少路；看完多少页书。

Icancover100Lionfootaday.我一天不行能走100里。

Howmanypageshaveyoucovered你看完了多少页书？

(5)占多大面积

Ourschoolcoversanareaof60.000squaremeters.我们学校

占地60000平方米。

特殊提示：

表示“占多大面积”用…coversanareaof+数词。

(6)采访

Thechiefeditorsentareportertocovertheevent.主编派

了一记者去采访整个事务。

1、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,and

anareaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

2、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverything

white.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveringwith

3、Thisbookissaidtobeaspecialonewhichmany

eventsnotfoundinotherhistorybooks.

A.writesB.

coversC.printsD.reads

4、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverythingwhite.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveredwith

5、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,andan

areaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

5.digout挖出；发觉；捐钱

Itisnoteasytodigoutthepast.发掘过去的历史是不简单的。

Hewasburiedbyanavalancheandhadtobedugout.他遇雪崩被

埋住了，得把他挖出来。

联想扩展：

digdown挖下digin起先细致的工作digat挖苦；讪笑某人dig

deep挖深；挖出来

digfor发掘；搜集diginto钻研digup掘起；挖出

6.表示方位的介词in/on/to/off

用法归纳：

(I)in表示在范围里的某个方向

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina,上海在中国的东部。

(2)on表不接壤

CanadaisonthenorthoftheUSA,加拿大在美国北边。

(3)to表示不在范围里，也不接壤

JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本在中国东边。

特殊提示：

上边的句子可以改写为：

JapanlieseastofChina.或者EastofChinaliesJapan.

改正过的句子省略了介词to,缘由在于表示方向的名词还可以作副词，表

示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。

(4)off表示

A.在范围里但不接壤(多指各国的岛屿)

TaiwanisofftheeastofChina,台湾在中国的东部。

B.在离…不远处

Myhouseisoffthemainroad.我家离大路不远。

1、TaiwanliesthesoutheastofFujian,whichis

southeastofChina.

A.in;onB.to;inC.on;inD.to;

on

2、Theytraveled,allthewayuptoWisconsin.

A.thenorthB.inthenorthC.northD.the

south

7.keep/stop/prevent***fromdoing防止/阻挡・••发生

Whatpreventedyoufromcomingontime什么事情使你没有按时到？

主动句中，stop和prevent后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省

略。被动句中，三个词后面的from都不能省略。

即时活用：

Itseemsverydifficult.

A.tostopthechildtocryB.preventingthechildcrying

C.tokeepthechildfromcryingD.holdingthechild's

crying

8.makesure=besure

(1)+todo肯定；务必

Besuretocomeontimethisafternoon.下午肯定要按时至U。

(2)+of+n.把…弄准确

IknowthereisatraintoBeijingtonight,butyoushouldmakesure

ofthetime.

(3)+that从句

WearesurethatChinawillbecomeastrongandpowerfulcountry,

besure/makesuretodo=becertaintodo

besure/makesureof+n.=becertainof+n.

besure/makesure+that…=becertain+that…

当besure/makesure+that…时,句子的主语必需是人；而becertain

+that…时，句子的主语用ito

1、Itisthattheybothhavethegreatestrespectforeach

other.

A.certainB.sureC.

certainlyD.surely

2、Henry,thelightiswhenyouleavethelab.

Allright.

A.besure;turneddownB.makesure;turned

off

C.sure;turnoffD.makesure;turningoff

9.protectvt.爱护

(1)protectsth.

Toprotecttheenvironment,weshoulddriveless.为了爱护环

境，我们应当少开车。

(2)protectsth./sb.from+n.

Youshouldwearapairofdarkglassestoprotectyoureyesfrom

thesnow.

(3)protectsb./sth.fromdoing

GeYouspeakscarefullyinpublictoprotecthimselffrombeing

hurt.

(4)protectAagainstB

Thetreebeltscanprotectthisareaagainstshiftingsand.

1、Heraisedbothhisarmstoprotecthisfacetheball.

A.fromB.forC.withD.to

2、Atthemeeting,wereachedaconclusionthatweshould

dowhatwecouldtheYellowRiverfrombeingfurtherpolluted.

A.toprotectB.protectingC.

protectD.protected

3、You'dbetterwearyoursunglassestoprotectyoureyes

thesun.

A.fromB.withC.inD.under

10.Thereisno+doing…是不行能的

Thereisnoknowinghowoldheis.不知道他多大。

Thereisnopersuadinghimtogiveuphisidea.不行能劝服他放弃

他的观点。

11＞大量的

⑴修饰不行数名次agreat/gooddeal/alargeamountof/much

⑵修饰可数名次many/anumberof/agreat(good)many

⑶即可修饰可数名次也可修饰不行数名次plentyof/alotof/lots

of/alargequantityof/quantitiesof/amassof/massesof

1、Ispentofmytimeinthiswork.

A.aplentyB.agoodmanyC.agooddealD.great

deal

2、-Howmanybooksdoeshehave--Hepossesses

them.

A.plentyofB.verymuchC.agreatdealD.an

amountof

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidand

comfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorin

worldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejust

onemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.None

ofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthere

areofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthose

againstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.The

anti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbe

mostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs

（粘膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareof

theenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,

beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjury

todelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovement

ofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中风）.Thesuddenplunging

ofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysudden

rushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.But

thepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamous

medicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedand

swingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,

tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifit

wasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachin

rain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemorein

thewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshad

cushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,

whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;they

werejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothing

fromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeed

theylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhad

tostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑

稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuying

athird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.The

stateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofboth

second-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthe

directorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofind

thehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaid

thattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhatever

quarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,from

whosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat,

A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace

17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailway

itselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.

A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailway

bringscomforttopeople

C)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleads

theworldtowaraswell.

18.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsare

truebut.

A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffect

people5snerves

C)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople，s

lungs

D)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthe

traincausesthemtodie

19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.