2017年06月四级真题第2套

第第页2017年6月大学英语四级真题（卷二）PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves. B)Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving. C)Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars. D)Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.2.A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices. B)Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills. C)Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales. D)Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska. B)Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers. C)AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors. D)AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.4.A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs. B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes. C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace. D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading. B)ItranintoNicaragua’sBigCornIsland.

C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands. D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.6.A)13. B)25. C)30. D)32.7.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort. B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice. C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers. D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Atashoppingcentre. B)Atacommunitycollege. C)Atanaccountancyfirm. D)AtanITcompany.9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput. B)Arranginginterviews. C)Sortingapplicationforms. D)Makingphonecalls.10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers. B)Heneedsthemoneybadly. C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre. D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.11.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits. B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage. C)Improvehisprogrammingskills. D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology. B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills. C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio. D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.13.A)Japanese. B)Germans. C)Poles. D)Americans.14.A)Emailing. B)Texting. C)Science. D)Literacy.15.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform. B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking. C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement. D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhavesmallroots. B)Theygrowwhiteflowers. C)Theytastelikeapples. D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.17.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor. B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.

C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans. D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.18.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious. B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages. C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.

D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked. B)Shecouldcallupherfamilywheneversheliked C)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.

D)Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess. B)Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends’statusupdates. C)Shefeltquitepopularamongthem. D)Shefeltshewasateenageragain.21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500Facebookfriends. B)Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily. C)ShecouldbarelybalanceFacebookupdatesandherwork. D)Shedidn’tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles. B)Theylivealongerlifethanhorses. C)Theyeatmuchlessinwinter. D)Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.23.A)ItwasapetofaSpanishking. B)ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington. C)ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain. D)ItwasdonatedbyaU.S.ambassador.24.A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding. B)Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition. C)Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket. D)Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.25.A)Thewideruseofhorses. B)Thearrivaloftractors. C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade. D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inwhichanimbalanceinthebody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements（28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29) _______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(安慰剂）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheyetrackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowingM)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(开始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等级体制).[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(灵活性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(过渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”(千禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(专业)andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtherebelsitwasfighting:decentralisingauthoritytoself-organisingteams.[E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”[F]Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.”Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”(离经叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 36.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction. 37.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations. 38.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams. 39.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork. 40.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture. 41.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies. 42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam’spurpose. 43.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders. 44.Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork. 45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom£1.19billionin2011to£1.12billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto£1.11billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom£43in2014to£41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“Strength，softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsorperfume,”saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.''Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersranktoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.46.Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause . A)Britonshavecuttheirspendingonit B)itspriceshavegoneupovertheyears C)itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovement D)Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK? A)Itwillexpandintime. B)Itwillremaingloomy. C)Itwillexperienceupsanddowns. D)Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.48.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper? A)Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales. B)Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands. C)Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice. D)Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper? A)Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper. B)Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost. C)Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper. D)Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph? A)MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoiletpapertoprotecttheenvironment. B)Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales. C)Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality. D)EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(随机地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthin