职称英语卫生类B级模拟26

［模拟］职称英语卫生类B级模拟26

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Thepriceofvegetables(varies)accordingtotheweather.

A.changes

B.rises

C.falls

D.jumps

参考答案：A

vary与change同义，意为“呈现不同，变动，变化。"rise“上升，竖立，竖

起"；fall"落下，掉下，跌落，降落"；jump“跳，跳起，跃起”。

第2题：

The(hands)oftheclockshowedthatitwastimefordinner.

A.pointers

B.fingers

C.legs

D.toes

参考答案：A

hand与pointer同义，意为“指针”。finger“手指头”；leg“腿”；toe“脚

趾头”。

第3题：

ThemeattastedsounpleasantthatJanethrewitawayin(disgust).

A.withpleasure

B.withstrongdislike

C.indespair

D.ingreatdisappointment

参考答案：B

indisgust与withstrongdislike同义，意为“反感，厌恶。vwithpleasure

“满心欢喜的，愉快，满足"；indespair“失望，绝望”；ingreat

disappoint-merit"失望，沮丧”。

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第4题：

Marywasoneoftheprincipal(organizers)oftheArtists，Guild.

A.planners

B.employees

C.actors

D.recipients

参考答案：A

organizer与planner同义，意为“组织者,策划者，设计者"。employee“雇

员，雇工，受雇者"；actor“演员”；recipient“接受者”。

第5题：

Parentsshouldrealizethat"exampleisbetterthan(precept).

A.instruction

B.education

C.imagination

D.morality

参考答案：A

precept与instruction同义,意为“教导，指示，命令，教训"。education

“教育，教育体制"；imagination"想像力，想像"；morality“美德，道德，

道义，伦理”。

第6题：

(Flattery)willgetyounowhere.

A.criticism

B.screamings

C.sweetwords

D.recitals

参考答案：C

flattery与sweetwords同义，意为“奉承，恭维话，甜言蜜语"。criticism

“批评,非难”;screamings"尖叫声，喊叫声”;recitals“独唱会，独奏会”。

第7题：

Aneducationistshouldunderstandchildren，s(psychology)verywell.

A.mind

B.heart

C.brain

D.physics

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参考答案：A

psychology与mind同义,意为“心理，心智。"heart“心，心脏”;brain"脑,

头脑，智力"；physics“物理学”。

第8题：

Hepickedatextbookfromthebookshelfandthen(commenced)toread.

A.directed

B.commented

C.committed

D.began

参考答案：D

commence与begin同义，意为“开始(某事物)。"direct"管理，监督，指导"；

comment"评论,发表意见”；commit"做(不合法,错或愚蠢的事),犯”。

第9题：

Wewere(relieved)tohearthatyouhadarrivedsafely.

A.relaxed

B.worried

C.released

D.joyful

参考答案：A

relieved与relaxed同义，意为“不紧张的，不烦恼的，轻磴的。"worried"担

忧的,担心的，发愁的"；release"释放，放走，解放"；joyful“充满欢乐

的，令人高兴的”。

第10®：

Youpossess(affluence),butitdoesn'tmeanyoucanhaveeverythingin

hand.

A.influence

B.fluent

C.wealth

D.relationship

参考答案：C

affluence与wealth同义，意为“富裕,财富”。influence”影响力，作用”；

fluent"语言流利，文字流畅的"；relationship“关系，关联”。

第11题:

3

Becausenoises(modulate)radiofrequency,radiostationsuseabandof

frequenciestopreventinterferencewithotherstations.

A.govern

B.adapt

C.temper

D.renovate

参考答案：A

modulate指“调节”，与A项的govern(也可表示“调节”)含义接近。temper

“使缓和"；adapt“使适应”；renovate“革新”。

第12题：

Governmentsshouldruleonlywiththe(consent)ofthegoverned.

A.content

B.conquest

C.support

D.agreement

参考答案：D

consent与agreement同义，意为“同意，允许。"content“满足，满意”；

conquest”征服(某国及其人民)，击败"；support"支撑，扶持，支持，资助，

供养，维持”。

第13题：

ThefactthatChinesecharacters(areassociatedwith)ideas,notsound,

wouldmakeitafinewritteninternationallanguage.

A.connectedwith

B.involvedin

C.realizedby

D.assistedby

参考答案：A

beassociatedwith意为“将人或物联系起来，与……有关联/有关系”，与

connectwith同义。

第14题：

Shebrokea(vessel)inangeratamanwhocamesellingthingsatherdoor.

A.ship

B.container

C.tube

D.boat

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参考答案：B

vessel与container同义，意为“容器，器皿"。ship“船，舰，飞行器”；

tube“管，管子，筒子”；boat“船，小船，舟，船形碟子”。

第15题：

Acupofwholemilkprovides（roughly）onehundredsixty-sixcaloriesof

energy.

A.discreetly

B.approximately

C.barely

D.coarsely

参考答案：B

roughly“大致地”与B项的approximately“大约”含义接近。discreetly“谨

慎地”；barely“仅仅”；coarsely“粗糙地”。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

Cancerdevelopsoveralongtime,whichmeansthatyouhaveyears

----typicallydecades----inwhichtohinderorpromoteit.Researchers

arefindingthatwhatyoueatmayinterferewithcancergrowthatvarious

stages.Forexample,certainfoodscanblockthechemicalsthatinitate

cancer.Antioxidants（抗氧化齐（J）,foundinsomevitaminsandminerals,can

snuffoutoxygenfreeradicls（氧自由基），substancesthatarethoughtto

makecellsmoresusceptibletocancer,andtheycanevenrepairsomeof

thecellulardamagethathasbeendone.Andsomefood-wheatbran（麦，

糠）inparticular一hasbeenshowntoshrinkprecancerous（癌症前期的）

cells.

Arecentreviewof17studiesfrom17nationsrevealsthat

peoplewhoeatthemostfruitsandvegetableshaveabouthalfthecancer

ratersofthosewhoeattheleast.Infact,someresearchsuggeststhat

frequentconsumptionoffruitsandvegetablescancuttheriskoflung

cancereveninsmokers.

Oneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsinvegetablesandfruits

thoughttoprotectagainstcancerisbeta-carotene（B胡萝卜素），

concentratedindeepgreen,yellowandorangevegetablessuchascarrots,

sweetpotatoesandspinach.

Researchalsoshowsthatbeta-carotenecanchangeinthebody

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toretinoicacid（维生素A酸），asubstanceusedinclinicaltrialstotreat

certaincancers.

Herearesomeofthefoodsthatcontaincancer-fighting

chemicals.

Tomatoes.Oneofthecompoundsintomatoesthatisthoughtto

reducetheriskofcancerislycopene（蕃茄素），thepigment（色素）that

makestomatoesred.Lycopene,anantioxidantthatisalsofoundin

watermelonsandapricots,quenchescertaincancer-triggeringoxygenfree

fadicals.Healthypeoplewiththemostbloodlycopene.

GreenVegetables.ArecentItalianstudyshowedthat

dark-greenleafyvegetableslowertheriskofmanycancer.Spinach,

broccoli,kaleanddark-greenlettucesarechock-fullofantioxidants,

includingbeta-carotene,folate（叶酸）andlutein（叶黄素）.Agoodruleof

thumb（单凭经验的做法）：thedarkerthevegetable,themoreantioxidants

within.

Pungentpreventives（刺激性的预防物）.Awholehostof

chemicalsthoughttohavecancer-inhibitingpropertieshavebeen

identifiedinalliumvegetables,whichincludegarlic,onionsand

scallions（大葱）.Animalstudiesshowthatmanyofthesechemicalsblock

carcinogensthathavebeenlinkedtocolon,stomach,lungandlivercancer.

AstudyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityfoundthatfeedingratsvarious

garlicextractsandpreparations（配制好的食物）reducedmammarytumorsby

asmuchas71percent.Inhumans,studiessuggestthatthosewhoeatmore

onionsandgarlicarelesspronetogastrointestinalcancer.

Researchsuggeststhatgarliccompoundsmayeveninterfere

withcancerprogression.ArecentGermanstudyfoundthatajoene,agarlic

compound,istoxictomalignantcells.Garlicmayalsoantagonizeexisting

cancerbyboosting（促进）immunefunctions,accordingtoresearchersat

LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Theirstudy,doneonmice,found

thatgarlic"ssulfurcompoundsincreasedtheactivityofmacrophagesand

T-lymphocytes（淋巴细月包），twoofthecomponentsoftheimmunesystemthat

destroytumorceils.

第16题：

Recentresearchindicatedthatwhatpeopleeatmayhelptosignificantly

reducetheirriskofdevelopingcancer.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见第一段，"Researchersarefindingthatwhatyoueatmayinterferewith

cancergrowthatvariousstages”研究者们发现，你所吃的食物可能在不同

时期影响癌症的发展。

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第17题：

Citrusfruitmaybeparticularlyeffectiveinreducingtheriskof

pancreaticcancer.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

该句句意为“柑橘可能在降低胰腺癌危险性方面特别有效。”但文中并未提到这

点。

第18题：

Peoplewhoeatthemostfruitsandvegetableshavelessthanhalfthe

cancerratesofthosewhoeattheleast.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

见第二段第一句"Arecentreviewof17studiesfrom17nationsrevealsthat

peoplewhoeatthemostfruitsandvegetableshaveabouthalfthecancer

ratesofthosewhoeattheleast.”最近对十七个国家的十七项研究所作的

回顾揭示：食用水果和蔬菜最多的人的癌症发病率仅为食用最少者的大约二分之

O

第19题：

Beta-caroteneisoneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsthatarethought

toprotectagainstcancer.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见第三段，“Oneofthemoststudiedantioxidantsinvegetablesandfruits

thoughttoprotectagainstcancerisbeta-carotene…”在蔬菜和水果所含

的据信可抗癌的抗氧化剂中，被研究得最多者之一是B胡萝卜素，富含于深绿色、

黄色和橙色蔬菜例如胡萝卜、红薯和菠菜中。

第20题：

Soybeanscontainatleastfivecompoundsbelievedtoinhibitcancer.

7

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

该句句意勾“大豆至少含有五种据信能够抑制癌症的化合物。”但文中并未提及

这点。

第21题：

Greenvegetablescontainsuchantioxidantsasbeta-carotene,folateand

lutein.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见第七段，最近意大利的一项研究显示，深绿色叶状蔬菜能降低多种癌症的发生

率。菠菜、硬花球花椰菜、羽衣甘蓝和深绿色葛苣含有丰富的抗氧化剂，包括B

胡萝卜、素、叶酸和叶黄素。

第22题：

Althoughgarliccompoundsmayreducetheriskofdevelopingcancer,they

havenoeffectoncancerthatalreadyexists.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

见最后一段，aResearchsuggeststhatgarliccompoundsmayeveninterfere

withcancerprogression-M研究提示，大蒜化合物甚至可能干扰癌的发展。

最近的一项德国研究发现，一种大蒜化合物阿焦烯对恶性细胞有毒性。洛马•林

达大学医学院的研究人员说，大蒜还可能通过提高免疫功能而对抗已出现的癌

症。他们所做的老鼠实验发现，大蒜的硫化合物增强了免疫系统中两种消灭肿瘤

细胞的成分一一即巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞一一的活性。

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

Leukemiaisakindofcancerinwhichabnormalwhitebloodcellsgrow

8

inanuncontrolledmanner.Theseabnormalcellsinterferewiththe

productionofnormalwhitebloodcells,whichfightinfection.Leukemia

isadiseaseofthebonemarrowandotherblood-formingorgans.

Consequently,leukemiaalsoaffectstheproductionofredbloodcells,

whichcarryoxygenfromthelungsthroughoutthebody,andplatelets,

bloodcellsthathelpstopbleeding.Signsofleukemiaincluderepeated

infection,anemia,andfrequentbleeding.

2.Thecauseofmosthumanleukemiaisunknown.Researchers

havediscoveredaleukemiavirusincats,andtheyhaveidentifiedavirus

thatappearstocauseararetypeofleukemiainpeople.Otherpossible

causesincludeexposuretoradiationandharmfulchemicals.

3.Doctorsclassifyleukemiaaccordingtothetypeofwhite

bloodcellaffected.Twoofthemainbloodcelltypesaffectedby.leukemia

aremyeloidandlymphoid.Myeloidcellsfightbacterialinfections.

Lymphoidcellsdetectandrespondtothepresenceofforeignsubstances

inthebody.Allkindsofleukemiacanbeeitheracuteofchronic.

4.Acuteleukemiasoftendevelopsuddenly.Abnormal,

immaturewhitebloodcellsmultiplyrapidly,andthenumberofnormal

cellsdecreasessharply.Acutemyeloidleukemiamostoftenoccursamong

adults.Thetreatmentforthisleukemiaischemotherapy,theuseof

chemicalsthataremoretoxictocancercellsthantonormalcells.Seventy

percentofpatientsenterremission.Duringremission,thebloodcells

andthebonemarrowtemporarilyreturntonormal.Researchersaretrying

todevelopmethodsofprolongingremissioninacutemyeloidleukemia

patients.Thetreatmentofacuteleukemiasisintensiveandmayendanger

thepatient7slife.Theuseofpowerfulantibioticsandofblood

transfusionshasincreasedthechancesofsurvivingtheintensive

therapy.

5.Chronicleukemiasdevelopmoreslowlythanacute

leukemias.Inchronicleukemias,theabnormalwhitebloodcellsappear

mature,andtheyresemblenormalwhitebloodcells.Intheearlystages

ofthedisease,theseabnormalcellsevenfunction

normallytosomeextent.Chroniclymphocyticleukemiaisthemost

commonleukemiaamongadults.Theaverageageofpeoplesufferingfrom

thisdiseaseistheearly70,s.Thediseasemaytakeaslongas10years

todevelopcompletely.Chronicmyeloidleukemiaisalesscommonformof

leukemiathatoccursprimarilyamongadults.Doctorsgenerallyusedrugs

totreatchronicleukemiapatients.

第23〜26题

A.Leukemiaisaveryseriousdisease

B.Myeloidcellsdifferfromlymphoidcellsinthatmyeloidcells

combatbacteriainfections

C.Acuteeukemiacomesmorespeedilytoacrisisthandoeschronic

leukemia

9

D.Severalwaysareavailabletoprolongremissioninacutemyeloid

leukemiapatients

E.Researchershavediscoveredthatleukemiamaybecausedby

invasionofviruses,exposuretoradiation,orcontactwithharmful

chemicals

F.Inchronicleukemia,theabnormalwhitebloodcellsnotonly

resemblenormalwhitebloodcellsbutfunctionnormallytosomeextent

intheearlystagesofthedisease

第27-30题

A.thepatient，slife

B.whitebloodcells,redbloodcells,andplatelets

C.anabnormalandpersistentincrease

D.abnormalwhitecellsgrowinanuncontrolledmanner

E.chroniclymphocyticleukemia

第23题：

Paragraph2.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第二段的段意为“研究人员发现了可能造成人类某种白血病的原因是病毒，

其他原因也包括辐射和有害的化学物质。”

第24题:

Paragraph3.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第三段的段意为“受白血病影响的两种主要血细胞为骨髓细胞和淋巴细胞,

骨髓细胞抵抗细菌感染，淋巴细胞探测并对体内的外来物质做出反应。”

第25题:

Paragraph4.

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

第四段的段意为“急性白血病常常是突然发作的，它们治疗方法强度很大,

并可能危急患者的性命。”

10

第26题：

Paragraph5.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第五段的段意为“慢性白血病的发病慢于急性白血病，慢性白血病的异常白

细胞看上去是成熟的，与正常的白细胞相似，在此病早期阶段，异常的白细胞甚

至可以在一定程度上发挥正常的机能。

第27题:

acutelymphocyticleukemiaLeukemiaisakindofcancerwhich

causes.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

见第一段第一句，“Leukemiaisakindofcancerinwhichabnormalwhite

bloodcellsgrowinanuncontrolledmanner."白血病是一种癌症，指异常

的白细胞以一种不受控制的方式增长。

第28题:

Theseabnormalcellsinterfereswiththeproductionof.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

见第一段“这些异常的细胞妨碍了可以抵御感染的正常白细胞的生长。白血

病是骨髓和其他适应血器官的疾病，有些白血病也会影响红细胞的形成，红细胞

可以将氧气从肺输送到全身各处。白血病还会影响帮助凝血的血小板的产生。”

第29题:

Aschemotherapyisintensiveandmayendanger.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

见第四段"Thetreatmentofacuteleukemiasisintensiveandmay

endangerthepatient'slife.''急性白血病的治疗方法强度很大,并可能危及

11

患者的生命。

第30题：

ThemostcommonLeukemiathatoccursamongadultsis.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

见第五段uChroniclymphoeyticleukemiaisthemostcommonleukemia

amongadults."慢性淋巴白血病是成年人中最常见的一种白血病。

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面

有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从

4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

弟扁

Countlesspeoplearebornwith（生来就具有某种特点）the

susceptibilitytoinheritageneticdisease.Butscientificprogress,

especiallytheartofinterferingwith（干涉，阻而导）thegeneticmakeupof

thehumanbody,hashelpeddoctorspreventmoreandmoreinherited

disordersinthelastdecade.

Dr.ThomasCaskeyoftheBaylorUniversityCollegeofmedicine

inHouston,Texas,isapioneerinmolecularbiology（分子生物学）.Through

thetechniquesofgeneticengineering（基因工程），hetransfersgenesfrom

oneorganismtoanother.Caskeyusesacertaintypeofvirus,calleda

retrovirus（逆转录病毒），asthevehicleforthegenetransfer.Hefirst

cripplesthevirusbyremovingtheportionitneedstoreproduceitself.

Thecrippledvirusbecomesharmlesswhilestillbeingabletodelivera

cargotoitsdestination.

ThecargoinCaskey*sexperimentisthehumanA-D-Agene,taken

frombonemarrow.A-D-Astandsfor（代表）adenosinedeaminase（腺甘脱氨

酶），animportantcomponentofthehumanimmunesystem.Adefectinthe

A-D-Ageneleadstoimmunedeficiency,rendering（致使）thebody

defenselessagainstinfections.Caskey'spurposewastoseeifthehuman

A-D-Agenecouldrepairthedefectiveimmunesystemofamouse.

Intheexperimentthemousewasgivenadoseofradiationheavy

enoughtodestroyitsimmunesystem.Theanimalnextwasinjectedwith

thecrippledviruscarryingthehumanA-D-Agene.AccordingtoCaskey,

“themousewilldiewithin10to14daysunlessasuccessfultransferof

bonemarrowcellstakesplace.Sowelethallyirradiateandsubsequently

rescuethemousebybonemarrowtransplantation（骨髓移植）withthecells

thathavebeeninfectedwiththevirus.〃Themousenowcarriesthehuman

genethatsalvageditsimmunesystem.

Bonemarrowtransplantationhasanestablishedplacein

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contemporarymedicalpractice.Employedtorestoretheimmunesystemof

certaincancerpatientsandofpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtoradiation,

bonemarrowtransplantationworksonlyifthereisagoodmatchbetween

donorandrecipient.

Theprocedurewouldbemucheasierifbonemarrowwerelike

blood.Peoplewithtype0bloodareuniversaldonors（万能供体）.Their

bloodmaybetransfusedtothosewhohavedifferentbloodtypes.

Unfortunately,thereisnosuchthingasauniversalbone-marrowtype.

Researchersmayhavefoundaway,however,toovercomethisproblem.The

solution,ifitworks,wouldbetoimplantthepatientwithhisown,

perfectlymatching（型酉己），bonemarrow.

Theidea,asCaskeyexplainsit,isto"correctthepatient，s

diseasewithhisownceils,butthosecellshaveaddedtothemanormally

functioninggene.〃Inotherwords,surgeonswouldtakedefective

bone-marrowcellsfromthepatientandputthemintoalaboratorydish

wherethecellswouldbeexposedtoacrippledviruscarryingahealthy

AD-Agenefromadonor.TheA-D-Agenewouldrepairthedefectivecells

andthenthecellswouldbereinjectedintothepatient.Thus,inCaskey

words,“thepatientwouldbetransplantedbyhisownceilscontainingthe

addednormalgene.〃

Thetechniquesoundsdeceptively（靠不住地）simple.Inreality,

though（方］是，不过，然而），itiscomplex.Anumberoflaboratorieshave

testedvariousintermediatestepsoftheprocess,but,accordingtoCaskey,

〃nosinglelaboratoryhasputtogethertheentiretechnologysuccessfully,

andhighlyreproducibly,toproceedwithagenetransferat-temptinman.〃

Forsometimenow,theU.S.NationalInstituteofHealthhas

beentakingacloselookat（仔细，研究）theeffectivenessandsafetyof

theprocedure,aswellastheethicalquestionsitraises.Theredoesn，t

seemtobemuchconcernabouttheethicsofgenetransferintoahuman

beingtocorrectageneticdefect.

Dr.W.FrenchAndersonofN.I.H.wroterecentlythat"claims

thatneworgans,designedpersonalities,masterraces,orFrankenstein

兰肯思泰因，一个创造怪物而自己被它毁灭的医学研究者，英国女作家Mary

W.Shelly同名小说中的主角）monsterswillbecreatedcanbegivenno

credenceinthelightof（I艮据，从...来看）whatispresentlyknown."And

headdedthatawell-informedpublicisthebestassuranceagainstany

futuremisusesofgeneticengineering.

第31题：

WhatisitthatpeoplecanNOTdothroughthetechniquesofgenetic

engineering?

A.savelives

B.transfergenes

C.correctageneticdefect

D.createaneworgan

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参考答案：D

createaneworgan意为“创造一个新的器官”，但文中并未提到这点，见第

一段和第二段，无数的人生来就具有继承某种遗传病的易感性。但是科学的进步，

尤其是对人体基因结构的干预艺术，已经在过去的10年中帮助医生们预防了越

来越多的遗传疾患。德州休斯顿市贝洛大学医学院的托巴斯•卡斯基博士是一位

分子生物学的先驱。运用基因工程技术，他可以将基因由一个机体转移到另一个

机体。卡斯基使用一种被称为逆转录病毒的特定病毒作为基因转移的载体。他首

先损坏病毒内用于自身繁殖的部分，这种有缺陷的病毒变得对人无害，而且仍然

可以将货物运抵目的地。

第32题:

WhereistheA-D-AgenetakenfrominCaskey'sexperiment?

A.humanblood

B.humanbonemarrow

C.mouseblood

D.mousebonemarrow

参考答案：B

见第三段"ThecargoinCaskey,sexpermentisthehumanAD-Agene,taken

frombonemarrow.w卡斯基试验中的货物是取自骨髓的人类A-D-A基因。A-D-A

表示腺昔脱氨酶，是人类免疫系统的一个重要成分。A-D-A基因的缺陷会导致免

疫缺陷，使机体对感染丧失抵御能力。卡斯基研究的目的是要看人类的A-D-A

基因是否可以修复小鼠的有缺陷的免疫系统。

第33题:

Whatisthemostimportantconditionwhenbonemarrowtransplantationis

usedtorestoretheimmunesystemofcertainpatients?

A.agoodmatchbetweendonorandrecipient

B.thefreshnessofthebonemarrow

C.enoughquantityofthebonemarrow

D.auniversalbone-marrowtype

参考答案：A

见第五段和第六段，骨髓移植技术在现代医疗实践中已经成熟。为了恢复某种癌

症患者或受辐射人群的免疫系统，在只有供者与受者良好配型时，骨髓移植方可

奏效。如果骨髓象血液一样，则这一过程要容易得多。“0”型血的人是万能供

体，他们的血可输给其他不同血型的人。但不幸的是并不存在万能型骨髓供体。

然而研究人员似已找到了解决这一问题的良方。如果成功的话，患者将可以移植

自己的完美配型的骨髓。

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第34题：

Whichtypebloodisuniversaldonor?

A.typeA

B.typeB

C.type0

D.typeAB

参考答案：C

见第六段，uPeoplewithtype0bloodareuniversaldonors.”

第35题：

WhattechniqueisneededtorepairthedefectivecellswithA-D-Agene?

A.geneticengineering

B.marrowtransplantation

C.radiologicaltechnique

D.cellbiology

参考答案：B

见第七段，卡斯基将这一方法解决为“用患者自身的细胞来治疗疾病，但这些细

胞已经加入了正常功能的基因”。换句话说，外科医生可以从患者身上取出有缺

陷的骨髓细胞，然后将其放入实验室的培养皿中，同时在皿中加入取自一位供体

的载有健康A.D.A基因的缺陷病毒。这时A-D-A基因可修复缺陷细胞，然后将这

些细胞重新注入患者体内。这就是卡斯基所说的：“用患者自己的含有附加正常

基因的细胞进行移植。”

第二篇

Betweennow(June)andLaborDay,millionsofAmericanwill

offeruptheirbodiestothesunsrays.Atanindicateshealthandbeauty,

andmostsunworshipperswillsacrificealottoachieveit-including

themselves.Witheachhour,thesun，sultravioletradiationproduces

irreversibledamage,hasteningthedevelopmentofunsightlywrinkles.And

witheachyearonthebeachorrooftop,thesunbatherincreaseshisrisk

ofgettingskincancer.

Skincancerisbyfarthemostcommonformofcancer.An

estimated400000newcaseswillbedetectedthisyearintheUnitedStates,

andalmostallofthemcanbeblamedonoverexposuretothesun.

Fortunately,mostofthesecancersarehighlycurable.Buttheycanbe

disfiguringandtaketimetotreat.Forthatreason,sunworshippers

shouldtreatdeitywithagooddealofawe.

Sunburn,ofcourse,istheinitialhazardposedbyUV

radiation.ProlongedexposuretoUV,however,interfereswiththe

productionofcollagenfibersinthedermis,causingtheskintolose

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elasticityandcreatingprematurewrinkles.Furtherdeteriorationofthe

dermisdeprivestheepidermisofnutritionandcausesittobecomethin

anddry.

CancerisUV，sfinalinsult.Short-waveradiantenergy,

especiallyfromtheUV-Bband,breaksthestrandsofDNA.Enzymeswork

constantlytorearrangetheDNAintopropersequence,butwithrepeated

UVexposure,therepairprocessmayeventuallybreakdown.Thenthemutant

DNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells.

Butskincancermaybeavoidedwithagooddoseofcommonsense.

Peoplewithfairskinandblueeyeswhoburneasilystandthehighestrisk.

Specialdangerspotsarethepartsofthebodymostconstantlyexposed

tothesun,suchasthecheeks,nose,lowerlipandtheears.Peoplewho

havealreadydevelopedprecancerouslesionsorhadoneskincancergrowth

standagreatlyincreasedchanceofdevelopingothers.Dermatologists

recommendavoidingthesunwhenitismostintense-between11a.m.and

3p.m.Anyonewhoinsistsonsunbathingshoulduseagoodsunscreen.These

lotionsandsalvescontainchemicals,suchasparaaminobenzoicacid,that

blockouttheburningUV-Bradiationwhilepermittingthetanningrays

toreachtheskin.

第36题：

Accordingtothepassage,overexposuretothesunmayresultin.

A.thewrinklesthatcannotbeseen

B.theskincancer

C.allkindsofsacrifices

D.healthfulbeauty

参考答案：B

“skincancerisbyfarthemostcommonformofcancer***canbeblamedon

overexposuretothesun.”无论根据上述句意还是根据常识均可选出B项为答

案。

第37题：

Theword"deity"inthesecondparagraphrefersto

A.somethingmysterious

B.theskincancer

C.thesun

D.overexposuretothesun

参考答案：C

该段讲了日晒过多会得皮肤癌，”sunworshippersshouldtreatdeitywith…”

中的“deity”本指神、上帝，这里显然指太阳。

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第38题:

WhichofthefollowingcomesfirstasapossibledamagebyUVradiation?

A.Sunburn.

B.Thelossofskinelasticity.

C.Drynessofepidermis.

D.Thedeteriorationofdermis.

参考答案：A

第三段“Sunburn,ofcourse,istheinitialhazardposedbyUVradiation”,

先在文章中找到“UVradiation”，有关句子很容易发现。句意明白表示答案为

A项。

第39题:

WhydoestherepairprocessoftheDNAmayfinallyfail?

A.Becauseshort-waveradiantenergybreaksthestrandsoftheDNA.

B.BecausetheDNAmayproduceacolonyofcancercells.

C.BecauseenzymesworktorearrangetheDNAintoane