北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题-

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

2006-08-1610:56:00

PartOne

ListeningComprehension〔略〕PartTwo

StructureandWrittenExpression

Directions:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.(20%)41.Thebeautyofthereflectedimagesinthelimpidpoolwasthepoignantbeautyofthingsthatare__________,existingonlyuntilthesunset.A.equitable

B.ephemeral

C.euphonious

D.evasive42.Broodingandhopelessnessarethe__________ofIndiansintheprairiereservationsmostofthetime.A.occupations

B.promises

C.frustrations

D.transactions43.What__________aboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedanattitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthatdisaster-strickenfamily.A.workedmeout

B.knockedmeout

C.broughtmeup

D.putmeforward44.__________consideredthehumanbodyaestheticallysatisfactory.A.Neitherprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanmanB.Norprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanmanC.Noprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanmanD.Neitherprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman45.Notuntilthe1980's__________inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.A.someconcernedcitizensB.someconcerningcitizensC.didsomeconcerningcitizensD.didsomeconcernedcitizens46.Thebuttocksare__________mostotherpartsinthebody.A.likelylesstocausefataldamagethanB.likelylesscausingfataldamagetoC.lesslikelytocausefataldamagethanD.lesslikeytocausefataldamageto47.Theconceptofinternet,__________hasintriguedscientists

sincethemid-20thcentury.A.thetransmissionofimages,soundsandmessagesoverdistancesB.transmittingofimages,soundsandmessagesalongdistancesC.totransmitimages,soundsandmessagesondistanceD.thetransmissibilityofimages,soundsandmessagesfordistances48.Becauseofdifficultiesingettingavisa,thestudentshadto__________theideaofapplyingforstudyintheUnitedStates.A.reduce

B.yield

C.relinquish

D.waver

49.Hisrequestforadayoff__________bythemanagerofthecompany.A.wasturnedoff

B.wasturneddown

C.wasputdown

D.wasputaway50.Theindexofindustrialproduction__________lastyear.A.raisedupby4percent

B.roseupwith4percentC.aroseupwith4percent

D.wentupby4percent51.Please__________ifyouevercometoSydney.A.lookatme

B.lookmeup

C.lookmeout

D.looktome52.BritishhopesofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered__________yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringthepreliminaryheats.A.asharpset-back

B.severeset-backC.asevereblown-up

D.sharpblown-up53.Bytheendoftheyear2004,he__________inthearmyfor40years.A.willhaveserved

B.willserveC.willbeserving

D.willbeserved54.__________therewasanepidemicapproaching,Mr.Smith__________theinvitationtovisitthatarea.A.Ifheknew,wouldhavedeclinedB.Ifhehadknown,woulddeclineC.Hadheknown,woulddeclineD.Hadheknown,wouldhavedeclined55.Inthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould__________.A.hearsomebodymourn

B.hearsomebodymourningC.hearsomebodymourned

D.hearsomebodyhadbeenmourning56.Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout__________.A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestrouteC.whichseemedtobethebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute57.TheschemewassoimpracticablethatIrefusedeven__________.A.toconsidersupportingit

B.consideringtosupportitC.toconsideringtosupportit

D.consideringsupportingit58.AmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica__________,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland.A.hadbeenDutchsettlers

B.DutchsettlerswerethereC.wereDutchsettlers

D.Dutchsettlershadbeenthere59.Thecargoboxhasalabel__________onit.Pleasehandleitwithcare.A.“flexible〞

B.“break〞

C.“fragile〞

D.“stiff〞60.__________wewishhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth.A.Muchas

B.Asmuch

C.Moreas

D.AswellasPartFour

ClozeTest

Directions:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)FlowersfortheDeadSinceflowerssymbolizenewlife,itmayseeminappropriatetohavethematfunerals.Yetpeopleinmanyculturestopcoffinsorcasketswithwreathsandgarlandsandputblossomsonthegravesofthe(76)__________.Thiscustomispartofawidespread,long-livedpattern.EdwinDanielWolffspeculatedthatfloraltributestothedeadareanoutgrowthofthegravegoodsofancient(77)__________.Inculturesthatfirmlybelievedinan(78)__________,andbelievedfurtherthatthe

departedcouldenterthatafterlifeonly(79)__________theytookwiththemindicationsoftheirworldlystatus,itwasanecessitytoburythedeadwithmaterialgoods:hencethewivesandanimalsthatwerekilledtoaccompany(80)__________rulers,theriches(81)__________withEgyptianpharaohs,andthecoinsthatEuropeansusedtoplaceonthedepartedperson'seyesaspaymentfortheStygianferryman.Intime,aseconomymodifiedtradition,theactual(82)__________goodswerereplaced(83)__________symbolicrepresentations.InChina,forexample,goldandsilverpaperbecameastand-in(84)__________realmoney.Eventuallyeventhesymbolicsignificancebecameobscured.Thus,Wolffsaid,flowersmaybethe(85)__________stepin“threewell-markedstagesofofferingstothedead:theactualobject,itssubstituteinvariousforms,and—finally—meretributesofrespect.〞PartFive

Proofreading

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\)andwritethecorrectwordnearit.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbrackets)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\).PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)Examples:e.g.1(86)Themeetingbegun2hoursago.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(86)

begun

begane.g.2(87)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(87)(Scarcely)had(they)e.g.3(88)

NeverwillInotdoitagain.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(88)

not(86)HomescouldstartbeenconnectedtotheInternetthroughelectricaloutlets.(87)Inthisway,consumersandbusinessmayfindeasiertomakecheapertelephonecallsundernewrulesthattheFederalCommunicationsCommissionbeganpreparingonThursday.(88)Takingtogether,thenewrulescouldprofoundlyaffectthearchitectureoftheInternetandtheservicesitprovides.(89)Theyalsohaveenormousimplicationsforconsumers,thetelephoneandenergyindustries,equipmentmanufacturers.MichaelK.Powell,theF.C.C.chairman,andhistwoRepublicancolleaguesonthefive-membercommissionsaidthat(90)a4-to-1voteonThursdaytoallowasmallcompanyprovidingcomputer-to-computerphoneconnectionstooperatein

differentrulesfromordinaryphonecompanies,wouldultimatelytransformthetelecommunicationsindustryandtheInternet.(91)“Thisisareflectingofthecommission'scommitmenttobringtomorrow'stechnologytoconsumerstoday,〞saidMr.Powell.Headdedthat(92)therulesgoverningthenewphoneservicessoughttomakethemaswideavailablease-mail,(93)andpossiblymuchlessexpensivethantraditionalphones,andgiventheirlowerregulatorycosts.Atthesametime,(94)oncewhiletherulesallowingdeliveryoftheInternetthroughpowerlinesarecompleted,(95)companiescouldprovideconsumerswiththeabilitytoplugtheirmodemsdirectlyintowallsockets,justliketheydowithatoaster,oradesklamp.

PartSix

Writing

Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.AndwritethecompositionontheANSWERSHEET.(15%)Topic:EpidemicDiseasesandPublicHealthCrises

试

题

详

解PartOneListeningComprehension(略〕PartTwoStructureandWrittenExpression41.B

42.A

43.B

44.A

45.D

46.C

47.A

48.C

49.B

50.D

51.B

52.A

53.A

54.D

55.B56.B

57.A

58.C

59.C

60.APartThree

ReadingComprehensionⅠ.PassageOne61.C

62.C

63.A

64.C

PassageTwo65.D

66.B

67.APassageThree68.B

69.D

70.BⅡ.(71)Ifyouareseriouslyill,it'sgoodforyounottobepanicanddepressed.(72)Medicalresearchers,amongwhomGalen,anancientGreekdoctor,isthefirstone,havefoundoutthatdepressioncannotonlyresultinotherillnessbutalsoaggravateexistingones.(73)Oncetheyknowwhatillnessthey'vegot,theygetworse.(74)Formostpeople,it'sdifficulttoaccepttheterriblefactandremainsensible,butweshouldatleasthaveconfidenceinourselves.(75)EvenifyougetaHIVdiagnosis,itisstillpossibleforyoutoavoidtheoutbreak.PartFour

ClozeTest(76)dead

(77)traditions

(78)afterlife

(79)if

(80)the

(81)or(82)grave

(83)by

(84)for

(85)last

PartFive

Proofreading(86)beenbeing

(87)(finD.it(easier)

(88)takingTaken(89)(industries),and(equipment)

(90)inunder

(91)reflectingreflection(92)widewidely

(93)andgivengiven

(94)while

(95)likeasPartSix

WritingEpidemicDiseasesandPublicHealthCrisesWhenSARSepidemicsweptacrossChinaandstirredupeventheentireglobelastyear,peoplefinallycametorealizetheconceptofpublichealthcrises,whichinrealityhavealreadyaffectedourlifeinvariousways.Whydidn'twerecognizethisuntilourlifehasbeenendangered?Surely,epidemicdiseasesasakindofpublichealthcrises,havecontributedtopeople'sperceptionofpublichealthcrises.

Publichealthitselfisnotnew,buttheterm〞publichealthcrises“hasbeenfreshformostpeopleinChina.Itincludesnotonlyoutbreaksofdiseases,butalsowatererosion,deforestation,desertificationandmanyotherproblemswhichmankindasawholemustface.Eversincetheindustrialrevolutionandgreateconomicexpansion,people'slifehasbeenchallengedinonewayoranotherduetolotsofirresponsiblebehaviorsofmankind.Mostofthetime,peoplehaveaccustomedtotheirordinarywayoflifeanddonotsparetimeincomprehendingtheimminentcrises.Ontheotherhand,epidemicoutbreaksalwaystakeonaverysevereoutlookandthusposedirectdangerstocommonpeople.Theyaffectpeople'sdailyactivitiesandeventheirlives,andthatiswhytheycansuccessfullyarousepeople'sconcernsabouttheirownhealth.Tosomeextent,ourawarenessofourdininghabitsandcarelessnessinprotectingtheenvironmentcanbeattributedtotheoutbreakofsomeepidemics,likeSARSandbirdflu.Weshouldallbegratitudeforthisawarenessbroughtaboutbysomeepidemics.AsChinaandtheworld'seconomycontinuetoexpand,governmentsandpeoplearefullyawarethatsomemeasureshavetobetakentofendoffanypossibledangertopublichealth.A.istosendthemtoclinicsB.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiencesC.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrainsD.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced47.Thechildinthenursery__________.A.quicklylearnstowaitforfoodB.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervalsC.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthemD.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly48.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills__________.A.canneverbetakentoofarB.shouldbelefttoschoolteachersC.willalwaysassisttheirdevelopmentD.shouldbebalancedbetweentwoextremes49.Jigsawpuzzlesare__________.A.toodifficultforchildrenB.akindofbuilding-blocktoyC.notveryentertainingforadultsD.suitableexercisesforparent-childcooperation50.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline__________.A.serveadualpurposeB.shouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossibleC.reflectthevaluesofthecommunityD.aredesignedtopromotethechild'shappinessQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:MorethanhalfofallJewsmarriedinU.S.since1990havewedpeoplewhoaren'tJewish.Nearly480,000American

hildrenundertheageoftenhaveoneJewishandonenon-Jewishparent.And,ifasurveycompiledbyresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesisanyindication,it'salmostcertainthatmostofthesechildrenwillnotidentifythemselvesas“Jewish〞whentheygetolder.Thatsurveyaskedcollegefreshmen,whoareusuallyaroundage18,abouttheirownandtheirparents'religiousidentities.Ninety-threepercentofthosewithtwoJewishparentssaidtheythoughtofthemselvesasJewish.Butwhenthefatherwasn'tJewish,thenumberdroppedto38percent,andwhenthemotherwasn'tJew,just15percentofthestudentssaidtheywereJewish,too.“IthinkwhatwassurprisingwasjusthowlowtheJewishidentificationwasinthesemixedmarriagefamilies.〞LindaSaxisaprofessorofeducationatUCLA.Shedirectedthesurveywhichwasconductedoverthecourseofmorethanadecadeandwasn'tactuallyaboutreligiousidentityspecifically.ButProfessorSaxsaystheanswerstoquestionsaboutreligionwereparticularlystriking,anddeserveamoredetailedstudy.Shesaysit'sobviousthatinterfaithmarriageworksagainstthedevelopmentofJewishidentityamongchildren,butsaysit'snotclearatthispointwhythat'sthecase.“Thisnewstudyisnecessarytogetmorein-depthabouttheirfeelingsabouttheirreligion.That'ssomethingthatthestudythatIcompletedwasnotabletodo.Wedidn'thaveinformationonhowtheyfeelabouttheirreligion,whethertheyhaveanyconcernabouttheirissuesofidentification,howcomfortabletheyfeelabouttheirlifelonggoals.Ithinkthenewstudy'sgoingtocoversomeofthat,〞shesays.JayRubinisexecutivedirectorofHilel,anationalorganizationthatworkswithJewishcollegestudents.Mr.RubinsaysJudaismismorethanareligion,it'sanexperience.Andwiththatinmind,HillelhascommissionedastudyofJewishattitudestowardsJudaism.Researcherswillconcentrateprimarilyonyoungadults,andthosewithtwoJewishparents,andthosewithjustone,thosewhoseethemselvesasJewishandthosewhodonot.JayRubinsaysHillelwillthenusethisstudytoformulateastrategyformakingJudaismmorerelevanttothenextgenerationofAmericanJews.51.Thebesttitleofthispassageis__________.A.JewishandNon-JewishinAmericanB.JewishIdentityinAmericaC.Judaism-aReligion?D.CollegeJewishStudents52.AmongthefreshmenatUCLA__________thoughtthemselvesasJewish.A.mostB.93%ofthosewhoseparentswerebothJewishC.62%ofthoseonlywhosefatherwereJewishD.15%ofthoseonlywhosemotherwereJewish53.Thephrase“interfaithmarriage〞intheParagraph3referstothe__________.A.marriageofpeoplebasedonmutualbeliefB.marriageofpeopleforthecommonfaithC.marriageofpeopleofdifferentreligiousfaithsD.marriageofpeoplewhohavefaithineachother54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutprofessorSax'sresearch?A.TheresearchindicatesthatmoststudentswithonlyoneJewishparentwillnotthinkthemselvesasJewish.B.ThesurveywascarriedoutamongJewishFreshmen.C.Theresearchsurveydidn'tfindoutwhatandhowtheseJewishstudentsthinkabouttheirreligion.

D.Theresearchpresentsanewperspectiveforthefuturestudy.55.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Mr.RubinisthefounderofHillel.B.Mr.RubinthinksthatJudaismisnotareligionandit'sanexperience.C.HillelisanorganizationconcernedwithJewishcollegestudentsintheworld.D.HillelhasaskedcertainpeopletocarryoutastudyaboutJewishattitudestowardsJudaism.Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicrights:therighttoprivatepropertyandtherighttoenforceablecontracts,saysMancurOlsoninhisbookPowerandProsperity.OlsonwasaneconomicsprofessorattheUniversityofMarylanduntilhisdeathin1998.Somehavearguedthatsuchrightsaremerelyluxuriesthatwealthysocietiesbestow,butOlsonturnsthatargumentaroundandassertsthatsuchrightsareessentialtocreatingwealth.“Incomesarelowinmostofthecountriesoftheworld,inshort,becausethepeopleinthosecountriesdonothavesecureindividualrights,〞hesays.Certainsimpleeconomicactivities,suchasfoodgatheringandmakinghandicrafts,relymostlyonindividuallabor;propertyisnotnecessary.Butmoreadvancedactivities,suchasthemassproductionofgoods,requiremachinesandfactoriesandoffices.Thisproductionisoftencalledcapital-intensive,butitisreallyproperty-intensive,Olsonobserves.“Noonewouldnormallyengageincapital-intensiveproductionifheorshedidnothaverightsthatkeptthevaluablecapitalfrombeingtakenbybandits,whetherrovingorstationary,〞heargues.“Thereisnoprivatepropertywithoutgovernment—individualsmayhavepossessions,thewayadogpossessesabone,butthereisprivatepropertyonlyifthesocietyprotectsanddefendsaprivaterighttothatpossessionagainstotherprivatepartiesandagainstthegovernmentaswell.〞Would-beentrepreneurs,nomatterhowsmall,alsoneedagovernmentandcourtsystemthatwillmakesurepeoplehonortheircontracts.Infact,thebankingsystemsreliedonbydevelopednationsarebasedonjustsuchanenforceablecontractsystem.“Wewouldnotdepositourmoneyinbanks...ifwecouldnotrelyonthebankhavingtohonoritscontractwithus,andthebankwouldnotbeabletomaketheprofitsitneedstostayinbusinessifitcouldnotenforceitsloancontractswithborrowers,〞Olsonwrites.OthereconomistshavearguedthatthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldandcommunistcountriesaretheresultofgovernmentssettingbothpricesandthequantitiesofgoodsproducedratherthanlettingafreemarketdeterminethem.Olsonagreesthereissomemerittothispointofview,buthearguesthatgovernmentinterventionisnotenoughtoexplainthepovertyofthesecountries.Rather,therealproblemislackofindividualrightsthatgivepeopleincentivetogeneratewealth.“Ifasocietyhasclearandsecureindividualrights,therearestrongincentives(刺激，动力〕toproduce,invest,andengageinmutuallyadvantageoustrade,andthereforeatleastsomeeconomicadvance,〞Olsonconcludes.56.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOlson?A.Hewasafictionwriter.B.HeeditedthebookPowerandProsperity.C.HetaughteconomicsattheUniversityD.Hewasagainsttheownershipofprivateproperty.57.WhichofthefollowingrepresentsOlson'spointorview?A.Protectingindividualpropertyrightsencourageswealthbuilding.B.Onlyinwealthysocietiesdopeoplehavesecureindividualrights.

C.Secureindividualrightsarebroughtaboutbythewealthofthesociety.D.Insomecountries,peopledon'thavesecureindividualrightsbecausethey'repoor.58.WhatdoesOlsonthinkaboutmassproduction?A.It'scapitalintensive.B.It'spropertyintensive.C.Itreliesonindividuallabor.D.Itreliesonindividualskills.59.Whatisthebasisforthebankingsystem?A.Contractsystemthatcanbeenforced.B.People'swillingnesstodepositmoneyinbanks.C.Thepossibilitythatthebankcanmakeprofitsfromitsborrowers.D.Thefactthatsomepeoplehavesurplusmoneywhilesomeneedloans.60.AccordingtoOlson,whatisthereasonforthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldcountries?A.governmentinterventionB.lackofsecureindividualrightsC.beingshortofcapitalD.lackofafreemarket

PartⅣCloze(10%)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.ButforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanother,andtheydonotmakethevoyageforthe__61__ofitsinterest.Mostofusarequitehappywhenwefeel__62__togotobedandpleasedwhenthejourney__63__.OnthefirstnightthistimeIfeltespeciallylazyandwenttobed__64__earlierthanusual.WhenI__65__mycabin,Iwassurprised__66__thatIwastohaveacompanionduringmytrip,whichmademefeelalittleunhappy.Ihadexpected__67__buttherewasasuitcase__68__mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathewouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumightmeet__69__,exceptthathewaswearing__70__goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot__71__whoeverhewasanddidnotsay__72__.AsIhadexpected,hedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately.IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalreadythemiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered__73__aswellasIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata__74__wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhadforgotten__75__thedoor,soIgotup__76__thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand__77__themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.__78__there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto__79__thedoormyself.Irealizedthatmycompanion__80__throughthewindowintothesea.61.A.reason

B.motive

C.cause

D.sake62.A.tiredenough

B.enoughtired

C.enoughtiring

D.enoughtiring63.A.isachieved

B.finish

C.isover

D.isintheend64.A.quite

B.rather

C.fairly

D.somehow

65.A.arrivedin

B.reachedto

C.arrivedto

D.reachedat66.A.forseeing

B.thatIsaw

C.atseeing

D.tosee67.A.beinglonely

B.tobelonely

C.beingalone

D.tobealone68.A.like

B.as

C.similarthan

D.thesamethat69.A.ineachplace

B.forallparts

C.somewhere

D.anywhere70.A.aso

B.so

C.sucha

D.such71.A.treattogetherwell

B.passtogetherwellC.getonwelltogether

D.gobywelltogether72.A.himasingleword

B.himnotonewordC.asinglewordtohim

D.notonewordtohim73.A.upme

B.upmyself

C.uptomyself

D.myselfup74.A.draft

B.voice

C.air

D.sound75.A.toclose

B.closing

C.tohavetoclose

D.forclosing76.A.toshut

B.forshutting

C.inshutting

D.butshut77.A.whiledoinglikethat

B.asIdidlikethatC.asIdidso

D.atdoingso78.A.Itwasnoone

B.TherewasnooneC.Itwasanyone

D.Therewasanyone79.A.remindtolock

B.remembertol