2022-2023学年河南高三入学摸底考试（一）英语试题

2022〜2023年度河南省高三年级入学摸底考试(一）英语考生注意：1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读—遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillJimprobablygethisticket?A.At7；00. B. At9；00. C.At10：00.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman'shobbies. B. Theman’suncle. C.Theman’sholidayplan.3.Wheredoe^stheconversationtakeplace?A.Atabookstore. B. Inalibrary. C.Atcanteen.4.Whatisthemandoing?A.Tryingonahat. B. Takingaphoto. C.Paintingapicture.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherlifehere?A.Difficult. B. Satisfying. C.Unforgettable.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomangoingtodothisafternoon?A.Goswimming. B. Doherhomework. C.Prepareforatest.7.Whenwillthespeakersgoswimming?A.NextMonday. B. Ontheweekend. C.NextTuesday.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B. Fellowworkers. C.Classmates.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shehasmuchworkexperience.B.Shewillgraduateinayear.C.Shegraduatedfromcollegethissummer.10.Whatistheheadmasterlike?A.Serious. B.Bad-tempered. C.Easy-going.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toinvitehimtothepaintingexhibition.B.Tointroducetohimsomefamouspainters.C.Toaskhimtobuyaticketforher.12.Whencanthespeakersgetthetickets?A.After9a.m.onSaturday.B.After8a.m.onThursday.C.After7a.m.onMonday.13.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Classmates. C.Husbandandwife.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthewoman'smajor?A.Architecture.B.Engineering.C.Informationtechnology.15.Whatfactordoesthewomancareaboutmostaboutbuildingdesign?A.Safety.B.Advancedtechnology.C.Environmentalprotection.16.Whatkindofmaterialisnotneededtodefendagainstanearthquake?A.Flexiblematerial. B. Strongmaterial. C.Softmaterial.17.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sideas?A.Awful. B. Awesome. C.Impractical.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.What’sthepurposeofthespeech?A.Tointroducetheleaguetonewmembers.B.Tocelebratethefoundingofanewleague.C.Topromotethecooperationamongteammembers.19.Howmanyteamsdidtheyhavewhentheywerefirstfounded?A.19teams. B. 30teams. C.4teams.20.What'sthebasicrequirementforenteringthebasketballleague?A.Raceandsex. B. Minimumage. C.Teamworkspirit.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASittingontheedgeoftheworld,Sydneyisconsideredasoneoftheworld'sgreatestcitiesforareason.WanttorelaxyourselfinSydney?ThisshortlistofthingstodoandseeinSydneyshouldpointyouintherightdirection.HitthebeachesEveryoneknowsaboutBondiBeachanditsIcebergspool,restaurantsandthecrashingwavesarethepostcardimageofSydney.Bondiisagreatplacetostart.Butafteryou’vecaughtsomesunortakenasurflessonwithLet5sGoSurfing,we'dsuggesttakingtheCoogeeCoastalWalk.BeginningattheBondiIcebergsswimclub,the3.7-milewalkaffordsamazingcliffsideviewsofrockpoolsandbays.CatchashowSydneyisfullofeventsandperformanceseverynightoftheweek.ThefirstplacethatjumpstomindistheiconicSydneyOperaHouse,designedbyJornUtzon.AUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,thisincrediblepieceofarchitecturedoesn'tjustdoopera.You'llalsofindstand-upcomedy,ballets,andmore.Butit'snottheonlyplaceinSydneyputtingonashow.The1920sStateTheatre,inthecentralbusinessdistrict,isknowntohostinternationalballets,concertsandworld-classorchestras.GotothezooFromtheskylineviewstothecharminggrounds,there'sareasonwhySydney'sTarongaZooattractsmorethan1millionvisitorseveryyear.Theexpansivespaceplayshosttomorethan4,000animals,includingtigers,giraffes,kangaroos,platypus，koalas,Komododragons,elephants,lions,chimpsandmore.Loveitsomuchthatyouneverwanttoleave?Staythenightinoneofitsluxurysafari(狩猎）tents.ClimbthebridgeNicknamed“thecoathanger’’，theSydneyHarbourBridgeopenedin1932.LiketheSydneyOperaHousesitwasanengineeringmasterpiecethatwaswayaheadofitstime.Sure,youcanwalkorcycleacrossthebridge,butthebestwaytoappreciatethearchitecturalwonderisupcloseandpersonal.21.WhatcanyoudoatBondiBeach?A.Enjoyanoutdoorconcert. B.Appreciateincrediblearchitecture.C.Enjoycliffsideviews. D.CyclealongtheCoogeeCoast.22.What5srecommendedforanovernightstayinTarongaZoo?A.Inasafaritent. B.Inyourowncar.QAtafive-starhotel. D.Onarestbench.1.WhatdoSydneyOperaHouseandHarbourBridgehaveincommon?A.Theybothholdoperas.B.Theyareengineeringclassics.C.Theywerebuiltinthe19thcentury.D.TheyareontheUNESCOWorldHeritagelist.BImaginethatyoutakeawalkaroundyouryardornearbyparkandimmediately,thesoundsofaninsectbandsurroundyou.Producedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper(角婢），thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations(共鸣，振动）thatflowacrossthesurfaceofplants.Butitisnotatalllikethefamiliarvocalizationsofcrickets(蛾蟀）；instead»it'ssomethingricher,morevaried.Somesoundsaresong-like,othersaresimilartothenoisesofmachinesormusicalinstruments.Thenoisemadefromevenasingleplantmaybe“asnoisyasabusystreet”.InAnImmenseWorld：HowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUs，Pulitzerprize-winningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthat,onarealwalkinsteadofthisoneweVeimagined,humanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppers'musicwithoutspecialequipment.Inthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer(振动计），adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanears,Yonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratory.Heisshockedbytheattractivesounds.Inthisbookthatfollowsonfrom2018，sIContainMultitudes^Yongwritesinaperfectbalanceofscientificseverityandpersonalaweasheinvitesreaderstograspsomethingofhowotheranimalsexperiencetheworld.Communicatingthroughsurfacevibrationsisarathercoolexamplethatextendsbeyondtreehopperstoelephantsandspiders,andtothisfactaboutfrogs：Attunedtovibrationsenteringtheeggs,froghatchesquicklyifasnakeshowsupwithahardbite,butignorerain,wind,footstepsandevenanearthquake.Myadmirationforthebookis,well,immense.Likemanythousandsofotherpeople,IhavereliedthroughoutthecourseofCOVID-19onYong’sreportingatTTie ashecrackedopenthefast-changingworldofpandemicscience.Now,withAnImmenseWorldjYongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatco-existwithours,andhowwemayprotectthem.2.Howdoesthesoundscapecomeaboutaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itcomesfromhumans’muscles.B.Itarisesfromthevocalizationsofcrickets.C.Itcomesfromanimaginableworld.D.Itarisesfromvibrationsflowingacrossthesurfaceofplants.3.WhycanYonghearthetreehopper’smusic?A.Becauseofalaserdevice.B.Becauseofthesurfaceofplants.C.Becauseofthenatureoftheinsects.D,Becauseofthespecialimaginableenvironment.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnImmenseWorld?A.Itappealstoallkindsofpeoples.B.Itisaimedatprotectingtheanimals.C.Itisscheduledtobepublishednextyear.D.Itdescribesavirtualworldfullofanimals.5.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Ahistoricalnovel.C.Abookreview. D.Apersonalbiography.CStanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanature-inspiredaerialgrasper，orSNAG，whichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone(四轴无人机）togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagle.Whenequippedwiththedevice,thedroneisabletoflyaroundcatchingandcarryingobjectsandperching onvarioussurfaces,accordingtoaStanfordnewsreleasedatedDec.1，2021，describingthework.Butcopyingtheflexibilityofbirdswasn'teasytodo.Theresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflanding,perchingandtakeoff.“Whatsurpriseduswasthattheydidthesameaerialmilitaryexercise，nomatterwhatsurfacestheywerelandingon，’’oneoftheresearchers，WilliamRoderick,explainedinthenewsrelease.**Theyletthefeethandlethevariabilityandcomplexityofthesurfacetextureitself，”hesaid.Givingadronesimilarabilitiesrequiredtechnologicalfeat.SNAGhasa3E)-printedstructurethatimitatesaneagle'slightweightbones,andeachofitslegsisequippedwithamotorformovingbackandforthandasecondoneforgrasping.Mechanismsintherobot'slegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforce，thewaythatabird’smuscleswould.Asaresult,adroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20milliseconds.Oncetherobot’sfeetarewrappedaroundaperch,itsankleslockandanaccelerometer—adevicethatmeasuresvibration—detectsthelandingandactivatesabalancingalgorithm tostabilizeitontheperch.Elsewhere,researchersatotherinstitutionsalsohavebeenworkingforyearsongivingdronestheabilitytolandandhangontosomething.Asthis2019Smithsonianarticleexplains,beingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheair.ThatJsimportant,becausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower.28.WhatinspiredtheSNAG'sdevelopment?A.Thewayparrotsperch. B.Themilitaryexercise.C.The3D-printedtechnology. D.Theeagle'slightweightbones.29.Whatmakesthedrones'grabbingsomethingstronglysoquicklypossible?A.Thepowerfulbattery.B.Theirabilitytoimitateparrots5takingoff.C.Theapplicationofadvancedflyingtechniques.D.Themechanicaldevicesmodelingabird'smuscles.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Flighttimeisnotvitaltothedrones.B.After2019,researchersquiteffortstoimproveflighttime.C.Flighttimehasbeenaproblembeforethisstudy.D.Researchingtheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingismeaningless.31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Drones,anapplicationtothemilitaryB.Roboticdrones,reallylikebirdsC.Roboticdrones,acomparisonofbirdsD.Quadcopterdrones,advancedtechnologyDAnewstudysuggeststhatcropinsuranceservesasadisincentive(抑制因素）forfarmerstoadoptclimatechangereliefmeasuresontheircroplands.ThestudybyresearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityexaminedtheinteractionsofwarmertemperatures，cropyield(产量）riskandcropinsuranceparticipationbyfarmers.Forthestudy,researchersdevelopedmodelsusinghistoricalcounty-levelcornandsoybeanyielddataintheUnitedStates,withaneyetowardunderstandingtheproductionimpactsofrisingtemperatures.Theresearchersfoundthatvariationincropyieldduetohighertemperaturesrosewhenmorefarmershadcropinsurance.Interestingly,theresultsshowedgreatervariabilityeffectsforcornyieldsthanforsoybeanyields.“Thiscouldbeanunintendedconsequenceofthegovernment’sprovidingsubsidiesforcropinsurance,whichcostsalargesumofmoney，’’saidRodM.Rejesus,professorofagriculturalandresourceeconomicsatNCStateandtheauthoroftheresearchstudy.“Theconceptofmoralcrisiscouldbepresenthere.Ifinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweather,afarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealth,forexample.^Thestudymodelsindicatethatanincreaseofdailyminimumandmaximumtemperaturesof1degreeCelsiuswouldincreasecounty-levelcornyieldvariabilityby8.6bushels(1bushelequalsto35.24L)peracreif80%offarmersinacountyhavecropinsurance.Thesametemperatureriseinacountywith10%cropinsuranceparticipationwouldincreasecornyieldvariabilitybyjust6.2bushelsperacre.Theresearchersbringuppossiblesolutionstothissituationforpolicymakers.Theyincludeprovidingmoresubsidiestoencouragefarmers7useofclimatechangereliefefforts—likesoilhealthpractices——andstartinghigh-levelpolicyconversationsabouthowtopossiblyadjustrulesandguidelinesthatgoverncropinsurancecontractsinordertoreducethedisincentiveeffects.32.Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutcropinsurance?A.Itensurescropproduction.B.Itleadstounexpectedsideeffects.C.Itresultsinworseclimatechange.D.Itdoesn'tbringanybenefitstofarmers.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subsidies”inparagraph4mean?A.Marketsupport. B.Verbalsupport.C.Technicalassistance. D.Financialaid.34.Whatmightexplaintheunintendedconsequenceofcropinsurance?A.Moralcrisis. B.Lawissue.C.Studymodels. D.Customchange.35.Howdidtheauthorshowtheeffectsofcropinsuranceoncornyieldvariability?A.Bydoingexperiments. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bylistingfigures. D.Byconsultingexperts,第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asoftenaswemovearoundthesedaysforschool,workorfamily,longdistancefriendshipsarearealityofadulthood.36 ，there'snoreasontoletphysicaldistancekeepyoufromstayingconnected.BedefiniteandintentionalaboutkeepingyourlongdistancefriendIfyouwanttokeeppeopleinyourlife,youhavetotellthemandbereadytoputintheeffort.Whetheryou’vejustmovedawayfromyourfriendoryou'vebeenapartforyears,longdistancefriendshipsrequireareciprocal(相互的）commitment.37.Thatmeansfindingtimetohangout.Thatmeansshowingyourfriendthatyouvaluethem.Andthereciprocalistrue—rememberthattheyvalueyou,too.UsecommonintereststofeelconnectedandgetrealDevelopan“anchor”foryourfriendship.Ananchorissomethingthatyouhaveincommonthatactsasatriggertoreachouttoeachother.38soyoueachsendphotosofthenewdishesyoumakewithalinktotherecipe.Oryoubothlove,let’ssay，theHBOshowEuphoria,andyoutexttodiscussaftereachepisode(^)comesout.Itdoesn'treallymatterwhatitis,aslongasithelpsyoustartaconnection.Don’thesitatetoreachoutIfyoutwofeellikeyourcommunicationisboring,don'tbeafraidtobethefirstonetoreachout.Itshowsyourfriendthattheydon'tneedtofearrejection.Bycreatingthespacetomakeourfriendfeelvalued,wehelpthembecomemorecourageoustotakerisksofintimacy(亲密）withus.39 •40Separationishard.Miscommunicationhappens.Andbecausethere’sjustalimitedamountoftimeyougetwithyourfriend,it'seasytoletconflictsgounaddressed.Trynottosweepthingsundertherug.Infact,addressingconflictisoneofthewaysyoucanbecomecloserwithyourfriend.A.ThatmeansreachingoutB.MaybeyoubothlovecookingC.BevitaltocommunicateopenlyD.IfyoudeterminetoabandonthefriendshipE.Conflictsarenaturalandhealthy—addressthemopenlyF.WhiletheymightrequiresomeplansandcreativitytokeepupG.Wehelpcreatethespaceforthemtowanttoinvestmorewithus第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Anactofkindnesshaswarmedpeople'sheartsafterastrangerleftanoteandboxesoffreefoodoutinapark.Thelastyearhasbeenanespecially41timeformany.Therearenumerouspeoplewhofindthemselvesin42ofalittlehelp.Andonekind43hastakenituponthemselvestomakeadifferencetosomeoneinneed.Theydidsoby44foodsuppliesonaparkbenchforpeopletocollect,freeof45 .Alocalresident46theboxesandbagsoffreefoodonabenchwhile47throughLeithLinkspark.Hethen48itviaFacebookalertingothersthatmaybestrugglingforfoodduringthecold49period.Thephotoshowedthereweretwobigboxesandabagpackedfullof50suchasbread,rolls,fruitandvegetableswitha51attachedthatread:“Freetouse，pleaseputthelidbackon.’’The52whosharedthecollectionoffoodcommented,“Whata53thingtodo.’’Thisisn’tthefirsttimeasimilar54ofgoodwillhasbeenspottedoverthelastfewyearsintheareatohelphomelessindividualsandthosestruggling55Peopleinthecommentssaidthatthishasbeena56occurrenceovertheyears,withonekind-heartedsoultakingituponthemselvesto57helpduringthewintermonths.第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everypersoninthisworldhastheirownuniqueexperiencesandchallenges—andjustbecausetheyaren'tuniversal,itdoesn'tmeantheyaren'tthere.That'swheretheHumanLibraryprojectcomesin.Itgivesusachance61(explore)thestoriesthatwemightneverknowaboutotherwise.Itgivesus62uniqueopportunitytolookattheworldthroughtheeyesofothers.Itisdonewithout63(judge),anditleadstounderstanding.TheHumanLibrarystarted64theconceptoflivingbooks.Eachpersonbecameanopen“book”andsharedtheirownexperiencesinlife.Theywouldtalkabout65lifewaslikeintheirshoes.Theprojectbeganwithfiftydifferenthumanbookswhichwerehighlightedinaneventthat66(last)forfourdays,67(go)foreighthourseachday,asthehumanbooksansweredquestionsandhelddiscussions.